Al- Isti‘Arah in the Novel Al - Zikrayat By ‘Ali Al – Tantawi Based on Relevant Theory

This study is related to the analysis of the use of isti'arah in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al Tantawi. This study aims to examine the true meaning of the language style of isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah presented by 'Ali al - Tantawi in his writing. Analyze musyabbah and musyabbah bih discarded in the use of the verse. To obtain the results of this study, each category of isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah is analyzed through the style of language that is understood, which is to express the implied meaning. This study uses the text of the first volume of the eight volumes as a whole as study data. The method of this study is a literature study by analyzing two types of isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah to be used as a model to understand the implicit meaning. Analysis based on relevant theories as a guide to detect the style of isti'arah language and find the real meaning. The design of this study is qualitative and the data are analyzed descriptively and inferentially. This study analyzes 24 research data which is the data of isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah obtained throughout the analysis. The results of the analysis of the study show some use of isti'arah in the novel which consists of 6 samples of isti'arah tasrihiyyah and 6 samples of isti'arah makniyyah . In general, it can be described that 'Ali al - Tantawi used a lot of isti'arah language style and metaphor in his narration. Almost every page he uses the concept of al- isti‘arah like the loan of humans characters to situation in the girl is compared to the moon, the nature of her head, her legs dan her heart is likened to that of a human, lahjah is lent verbally, the earth is like a circle and the speed of human hand is likened to a racehorse


Introduction
Literary work is a product of a society in the field of culture. Literature is a cultural witness that can continue to be developed. The presence of literature during technological development is a great opposition, where literature should provide a path of inspiration for real-life (Nursida, 2018). Therefore, literature is a medium of language that can be associated with the surrounding community. With the existence of literature in the life of society, it can give a picture to their lives. In this regard, this literary work can also open the minds of listeners and readers in getting to know the Arab scholars' work related to this literary work.
Literature is a work of art either in the form of poetry or prose. In Arabic literature, there are two forms of literature, namely al-Adab al-Wasfiy (descriptive literature) and al-Adab al-Insha'i (creative literature). Al-Adab al-wasfiy (descriptive literature) is a discussion of qasidah or treatises descriptively and critically. Al-Adab al-insha'iy (creative literature) is literature that is expressed in the form of poetry or prose, about feelings and events related to the environment either intrinsically affecting the creator (Nazri, 2020). Thus, a literary work is a creative and critical work, not just through imagination alone because the author of a literary text can think at a very high level by the life around him. Every element of a literary work presented by the author of a text has to do with other elements that are almost identical to it. Because the author of the text has a high imagination, it can beautify the literary verses of the language style in his writing.
Based on the specific language style, the author can make the reader lazy and drift in literary works such as short stories, novels, and so on to give a sense of the beauty of language to the reader (Ashiqin, 2015). Therefore, without skills and abilities, the author will not have a direct impact on the reader. This is important because when the reader examines every style of language used by the author of the novel whether, in the novel, short story, or poetry it needs an effect in the reading and this matter is likely to listeners and readers can make the novel as a guide in writing a text.
One of the interesting concepts to be discussed in literary studies is the concept of isti'arah. Isti'arah is one of the parts of uslub or style of language found in the science of balaghah. This style of language has the main focus in the discussion aspects of the field of balaghah. The importance of this style of language is undeniable by the reader because its use is so evident in literary texts.

Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of this study also explains the isti'arah which uses the novel al-Zikrayat 'Ali al -Tantawi based on Relevant Theory. These guidelines are intended to answer the research questions that are (1) identify the categories -categories of isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah found in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi, (2) reveal the implicit meaning in the use of isti'arah by 'Ali al -Tantawi in the novel al-Zikrayat, (3) analyze the difference between isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al - Tantawi. These guidelines are to use the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi. This novel is a text that is presented in the form of prose, figurative meaning, storytelling in the life of the author of the novel or community life. The use of figurative meaning in this novel has a great impact on the reader's observation in understanding it. This isti'arah is analyzed using the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi to identify the types of isti'arah found in the novel.
Isti'arah is an expression that has the element of tasybih but has been removed from one of its pillars, namely musyabbah and musyabbah bih. Musyabbah has been dropped in the verse isti'arah tasrihiyyah, while musyabbah bih has been dropped directly in the verse isti'arah makniyyah. Isti'arah is also a loan language used not located in its original meaning but it has a meaning that is almost the same as the language to be understood. These guidelines are also based on the implicit meaning in the use of isti'arah by 'Ali al -Tantawi in the novel. The use of this isti'arah can further strengthen the meaning found in a text so that it can deepen each implicit meaning used.
As in the debate, Ashiqin (2015) stated that isti'arah is an element of comparison that is high in value and can captivate the heart, soul, and mind of man. This is true because when the reader examines each sentence that has a figurative meaning, it can attract the listener's soul in reading it thus able to open the reader's mind to think its original meaning with higher thinking. Therefore, this study uses Relevant Theory which can reveal the implicit meaning used in the novel. This theory assists the researcher in understanding every message conveyed by the speaker without offending the person who hears it.
This study focuses on the isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah found in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi. With this research method, it can help the community in applying more knowledge on the use of this figurative meaning and they may be able to further expand the use of figurative meaning anywhere because figurative meaning is important to be understood by each individual.
The following is the conceptual framework:

Diagram 1.6 Conceptual Framework
Identify the types of isti'arah found in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi.
Study the isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah only from the eight types of isti'arah in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi.

AL-ISTI'ARAH IN THE NOVEL AL-ZIKRAYAT BY 'ALI AL -TANTAWI BASED ON THE RELEVANT THEORY
Revealing the implicit meaning in the use of isti'arah by 'Ali al -Tantawi in the novel al-Zikrayat.
Relevant Theory (Sperber & Walson, 1986). Analysis of differences in terminology according to the style of each language.
List and check the number of isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah found in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi.

Research Background
Language is a tool to communicate with other human beings. Its use facilitates in terms of delivery, explanation, and understanding. Language is also a sound system used by certain groups to ensure that their goals are achieved. An effective presentation or communication is when a person can convey and understand to the listener what he wants to convey accurately and clearly. Usually, people are happy to understand a language when the language is often used in daily life.
Language can be studied from two aspects, namely its essence and function. The first aspect is the fact of language. The nature of language can be studied by linguists (Devianty, 2017). Linguists play an important role in understanding the spoken language. The second aspect of language is its function. The most important function of language is for communication, which is a means of socializing and interpersonal communication.
The knowledge available in this world is written in various languages, especially Arabic. For example, to strengthen knowledge in the field of religion, one must be able to master the Arabic language because it is the language of the holy book of the Quran. With that mastery, they can share the knowledge gained with the local community to benefit together. Therefore, with the existence of the beauties of the verses contained in the science of Arabic, then the emergence of books such as balaghah, grammar, monotheism, hadith, and so on in Arabic.
The science of balaghah has been divided into three branches, namely the science of ma'ani, the science of bayan, and the science of badi '. Among these three sciences, bayan is a science that plays a lot with the language system. One of them is isti'arah which is a special element in science. Isti'arah plays a lot with language lending which sometimes makes the reader have to daydream high in interpreting each sentence use in the element.
Therefore, the science of isti'arah consists of two categories, namely isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah, and in more detail, isti'arah is a mention that has been removed musyabbah and musyabbah bih in a verse. Although musyabbah and musyabbah bih have been removed in a sentence, the reader can understand the true meaning of what is to be conveyed because it gives a clear picture of what is to be conveyed. Therefore, isti'arah is widely used by Arab scholars in his writing such as short stories, poems, novels, and so on.
The use of this figurative language style can be further strengthened when the emergence of a theory that suggests that Balaghah is a unique language and full of literary language style. According to Azhar, Hafiz, Bushrah, Kamarul & Sulaiman (2007) understanding and literature of Arabic will make it easier for a person to understand the meaning of a sentence structure and language style used in the sentence because of balaghah knowledge in line with the development of Arabic in Malaysia. The language style referred to above is the metaphorical language style because according to Sari (2015) metaphor is one form of language style. The use of metaphors aims to express meaning with an emphasis on the impact it will have.
The science of Balaghah that will be the cause in this study is the science of isti'arah. By using the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi as a study novel, the types of isti'arah will be issued through the stories contained in it. In conclusion, this study will simplify the verses in the novel by looking at the types of isti'arah in it.

'Ali Al -Tantawi
He was named 'Ali bin Mustafa al -Tantawi (relative to the state of Tanta, Egypt). 'Ali al -Tantawi was born on the morning of Friday 23 Jamadil Awwal 1327H equivalent to 11 June 1909M, in Damascus, Syria. He is of Egyptian descent, his father and grandfather were wellknown scholars in Damascus. He was raised in a modest family in the village of Uqaibah, Damsyiq but was very fond of knowledge (Rumaizuddin, 2016). He received his early education up to secondary school at Anbar College, Damascus, as narrated in his memoir, until finally, he held a diploma certificate tsanawi, which was a prerequisite for entering the institution of higher learning at that time ('Ali al - Tantawi, 1929).
'Ali al -Tantawi received his education from two systems, namely the talaqqi system from the sheiks and the modern system from the secondary level to the University. 'Ali al -Tantawi is a person who likes to play with metaphors and is a poet. Besides, he is also a famous writer. He was a student, journalist, judge, teacher, preacher, and writer. He lived in Syria and Saudi Arabia and had traveled extensively for different diplomatic missions, mainly for Palestinian purposes ('Ali al - Tantawi, 1929). The field of education is the longest field that 'Ali al -Tantawi ventured into. He began teaching while still in high school in 1925 after the death of his father. He first taught at al-Tijarah school.
In conclusion, 'Ali al -Tantawi was a great figure and contributed many of his employees to the community. 'Ali al -Tantawi is also a famous literary figure, but there are still no scholars who have researched him until now.

Statement of Problem
The study of isti'arah in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi lacks an outward discussion from a scientific point of view. Therefore, the researcher discusses isti'arah in this novel to make a more in-depth study because one of the examples of research found by researchers related to isti'arah is Nafi'ah (2019) themed Isti'arah and its Benefits in the Novel "Gadis Jakarta" Egyptian Literary Work "Najib Kailani".
Exploring the isti'arah found in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi. The purpose is to study the extent of the secret of isti'arah knowledge found in the novel. Thus the question of human life is certainly not missed in the discussion as stated by Rahim (2010) that the working relationship with the audience is very intimate and the exposure of social phenomena in a work is something relevant in a creative context. The title of this study is important to study based on the statement that throughout the observation there are still few who study the isti'arah based on the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi. When such a statement exists, readers in the future will further expand the title of this study in more detail and breadth. Isti'arah is the lifeblood of the science of Balaghah. If we master the knowledge of isti'arah well, it is as if we already understand the knowledge of Balaghah as a whole. Next Balaghah is also the maturity of the speaker in conveying various meanings with perfect features in the appropriate word order (al-Sakkakiy, 555 H -626 H).

Research Objective
In particular, this study was conducted to meet the objectives of the study as follows: 1) Identify the categories -categories of isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah found in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al - Tantawi. 2) Revealing the implicit meaning in the use of isti'arah by 'Ali al -Tantawi in the novel al-Zikrayat.

Research Methodology
This study uses the descriptive method which is one of the types of research to translate documents in highlighting the use of language style in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al - Tantawi. Data referred to in the reference books mostly consists of Arabic texts and reference the Malay language through the study of literature. The sample used in this novel is isti'arah. In this sampling, the researcher selects a sample using the non-probability sampling (NPS) sample selection method. NPS means there is no sample probability limit for a person to be sampled. The same sample was also used repeatedly. In this study, the researcher can study as many types of isti'arah found in the novel based on the ability of each idea. The important thing is that the content is true. This study can contradict the mind in knowing the beauty of the language style found in the novel.
Next, Relevant Theory can emphasize the elements of figurative language. Therefore, this theory is used as a sample to collect data based on the novel studied. This theory is closely related to the knowledge of the meaning of isti'arah. For example the word Lion. A lion is something that shows what is lent in a sentence to give figurative language, whereas the Lion is the meaning of "Courage". It is clear here that the use of a figurative sentence has the opposite meaning or maybe the speaker wants to hide from the original meaning so that it is pleasant to hear by the listener.
This study uses Relevant Theory because according to the founders of this theory, namely Sperber and Wilson (1986), figurative languages such as Balaghah, irony, and hyperbole have never failed to convey a message. According to them, the message conveyed implicitly through the use of figurative language is more effective without offending the listener (Fatimah, 2018). Studies use figurative language in novels as a source of styling or reference to further strengthen the interpretation of implicit meaning. The figurative language can serve as an additional concept built by the listener to further strengthen their understanding (Fatimah, 2018). Interpretation of meaning becomes easy when using Relevant Theory.
In the selection of the topic of this study, it is necessary to first identify the types of isti'arah found in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi. This needs to be emphasized so that the data to be collected is in the study sample. It is also necessary to identify in advance that there are how many isti'arah studied. Besides, it also needs to be structured first in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi to achieve the desired target.
Therefore, this Relevant Theory is used in analyzing the data so that the researcher can reveal the implicit meaning in the use of isti'arah by 'Ali al -Tantawi. The terms used in analyzing this data are isti'arah tasrihiyyah and isti'arah makniyyah. Both of these terms are used to identify the meaning of figurative language style. Once the meaning of this figurative language style can be identified, the researcher can understand the meaning of a sentence or word accurately. Next, the researcher can also ensure that the sentence studied has elements of Balaghah and the researcher can also determine the sentence or word studied has figurative elements.

Conclusion
There are many studies on isti'arah. Among them are related to the study of isti'arah which leads to isti'arah in the Quran, the use of isti'arah in Arabic short stories, isti'arah in Arabic poetry, and isti'arah in Hadith. Also, there is a study on isti'arah in the novel, but it is related to Isti'arah and its Benefits in the Novel "Al-Mahbubat" by Alia Mamduh, Isti'arah and its Benefits in the Novel "Gadis Jakarta" by Egyptian Literary "Najib Kailani " and other. However, researchers have found that the study of isti'arah in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi lacks an outward discussion from a scientific point of view. Therefore, the researcher discusses the isti'arah in this novel to make a more in-depth study so that this study can be used as a guide to school students as well as university students, especially public universities in Malaysia. Finally, the style of language found in the novel al-Zikrayat by 'Ali al -Tantawi gives a perfect meaning to the reader because his language teaches a lot. By using the language style in the novel, perhaps the reader can explain one by one the meaning of the language style.