The Ethical Value of The Youth at Arfiah Shelter Home

Promiscuity, incest and rape are the great causes of premarital pregnancy and extramarital births among youth today. This article will study the case of premarital pregnancy among youth at Arfiah Shelter Home, Shah Alam, Selangor. The aim of this article is, first to identify the factors influencing the trainees’ involvement. Second, to examines the trainees’ perception about the programme conducted. Third, to identify the ethics value after participated in the conducted programme. The study shows most of the youth who are involved in premarital pregnancy are easily influenced by peers and mass media. However after participating in the programme conducted by Arfiah Shelter Home, their ethics shows the improvement become better.


Introduction
Youth involvement in sexual activity at a young age is seen as a big issue. The issue should be taken seriously by the whole society as the sexual activity among youth has begun as early as childhood. This activity would harm the emotion, physical and social development of the children (Kashim et al., 2017).
A journal analysis conducted by Azri et al (2015) which analyzes 30 journal articles between the years 2000 to 2014 found that most journal articles review underage pregnancies because of the rising cases from year to year which seen the states Sabah and Sarawak as the two states in Malaysia with the highest number of premarital pregnancy cases at 62.2%. As of 2013, there are 510,462 illegitimate children registered with the Social Welfare Department. Based on the findings, this study (Azri et. al., 2015) has identified 6 main factors that cause youth premarital pregnancies which are: 1) Poverty; 2) Practicing sex before marriage; 3) No parental monitoring; 4) Low academic achievement; 5) Peer influences and 6) Lack of knowledge about sex, reproduction and health. Most of the articles analyzed by Azri et al (2015) had undertaken surveys towards shelter homes which placed youths with premarital pregnancies. Research suggests that further studies are conducted on youths who have been out of shelter home and living with the community to study what happened to them afterwards.
In Malaysia, premarital pregnancy cases among youths have significant relationship to the increase in cases of baby abandonment (Kashim et al., 2018). Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify factors and causes of youth involvement with premarital pregnancy (Kashim et al., 2017). In addition, programs conducted at the shelter home should be reevaluated to ensure that the trainees that live in the shelter home can change and develop towards being a better person (Kashim et al., 2020a;Kashim et al., 2020c).

Problem Statement
Various challenges must be faced by parents in raising children in this modern age. There were various social issues that can destroy the civilization of Muslim youth. Most of the highlights in newspapers show about the involvement of youth in premarital pregnancy which seem become terrified and worrying. Statistics from the Ministry of Health in 2015 revealed that a total of 3,980 teenagers aged 10 to 19 were pregnant with premarital children (Utusan, 2016). The scenario of premarital pragnancy among teenagers has been the focus of study conducted by Faizah and Azian (2013). Study by Azriani et al (2011);Faizah & Azian (2013) found that the main factor of youths to be involved in premarital sexual relationship which cause pregnancy is due to peer influence. A case study had been conducted by Salmi (2013) regarding premarital sex among Malaysian teenagers in which a total of five Malay Muslim students became the respondents of the in-depth study. Findings of the study show that teenagers prefer to discuss about sexuality with friends or boyfriends in comparison to parents, relatives, teachers and counselors.
Youths with premarital pregnancy occupying shelter homes are significant samples in the purpose of studies to understand the growing concern of premarital pregnancies which has significantly increase from year to year (Kashim et al., 2020b). Alavi et al (2012) has conducted a study in a shelter home at Taman Seri Perdana, Cheras housing six respondents aged between 13 and 17 years old. The findings show that most respondents have bad relationship with family and spend more time with friends. Peer influence and information gained from the internet are factors identified to encourage the youth to be involved with premarital sex cases. The respondents also stated that friends were the people they turn to when they are in trouble and were able to help deal with stress that they face at home. This study proposes an important solution to address the problem of youths' premarital pregnancy which is through the constant monitoring from parents and the school. Parents and teachers should cooperate and work together in ensuring that students are not involved with this issue. The study also suggest that every member of the community consisting of parents, adolescents, teachers, communities and ministries to play their respective roles to combat this issue.
Abu Zarin et. al (2017) studied about "Relationship Between Islamic Concept and Ethical Behaviour (Akhlak) of Being In Love Among Youth". Data were collected among students from three types of higher education institution in Malaysia with a total 599 respondents. Findings show that understanding and attitude towards love in Islam is high however the practical aspect is moderate.

Research Objective
The objectives of this study are as follows: 1. To identify the factors causing the trainee to be involved in moral misconduct 2. To identify the trainee's perception towards the program implemented at Arfiah Shelter Home

Research Methodology
The study is a quantitative study utilizing a set of questionnaire being distributed to all trainees residing at the Arfiah shelter home, Shah Alam. The sample of this study consists of 34 trainees who occupy Arfiah shelter home.

Research Findings
The discussion of the research findings is based on the sections found in the questionnaires that have been answered by the respondents of the study. Part A focuses on the respondent's background, Part B investigates on the factors influencing morality and Part C is the perception of the trainee towards the program that has been implemented.

Respondents' Background
Trainee Age Based on Table 1.1, the age range of the trainee who lives in Arfiah shelter home is between 20 and 14 years old. Research data show that the most number of residents in the Arfiah shelter home is trainees of 16-year-old of age; followed by trainees aged 19 and 17 who have the same number of six trainees. There are five trainees whom are 20-year-old; followed by four trainees aged 18-year-old. A total of two trainees are aged 15 years and the youngest trainee is 14 years old.

Involvement in Unethical Activities
The study shows all trainees living in Arfiah shelter home were involved with immoral activities such as smoking, being disobedient towards parents or guardians, having extreme preference for entertainment, disrespecting teachers, practicing free sex, giving premarital birth and aborting pregnancy and wearing non-syariah compliant dress. All trainees state their involvement in the immoral activities as listed in the questionnaire.
Part B of the questionnaire aims to identify factors that influence trainees' involvement in the social misconduct.

Trainees' Involvement Factors
Based on Chart 1.1 above, peers and mass media are reported as the main factors affecting the youths' morality which contributes to 30%. Barbara (2006) stated that youths' behavior stems from the pressure faced due to peer pressure. The influence of peer pressure causes teenagers to have sex due to lack of skills to dismiss friends' requests due to the urge to be accepted by their peers.
Part C aims to examine the perception of the trainee on the program that has been conducted in the Arfiah shelter home. Based on Table 1.3, the frequency distribution analysis by item or statement for the trainee's perception of the program conducted at Arfiah shelter home shows that the 'computer class' program receives the highest mean score (mean = 5.00, s.d = 1.00). The finding shows that 100% of the trainees strongly agree that the computer class is the most favorable program among the trainee. Next, the 'individual counseling' and 'outdoor game' programs get the second highest mean score (mean = 4.56, s.d = 0.79).
On the other hand, 'nasyid' and 'zikir' programs score the lowest mean (mean = 3.09, s.d. = 0.59) which shows that 70% of the trainers agree with the program. This shows that trainees are less interested in nasyid and zikir programs. Overall, the trainee's perception of the programs implemented at the Arfiah shelter home is at good level.

Discussion
The result shows trainees living at the Arfiah Shelter Home are teenagers between the ages of 14 to 20 years old. The main factor affected teenager ethical value are peers and mass media. This result is consistent with the study of Azriani et al (2011); Faizah and Azian (2013) which found that peers is the main factor of teenagers involved in committing premarital sex.
Next, the mass media is also reported as a major factor affecting youths' morality. Study conducted by Alavi et al (2012) is parallel to the findings of this study which show that the factors that encourage teenagers to be involved with the premarital pregnancy are peers and the internet. Most of the applications available on the internet such as WeChat, Facebook, and WhatsApp are among the applications that contribute to social interactions that cause youths to be involved in premarital pregnancy.

Conclusion
Most teenagers who are pregnant out-of-wedlock are easily influenced by peers and mass media. However, after they participated in the programme conducted by Arfiah Shelter Home, their ethical value shows the improvement become better. Computer classes, individual counseling and outdoor games are programmes that are highly sought after by the trainees and affect the development of the trainee's personality.