The Implications of The Syrian War to Jordan’s National Security

Vol. 13, No. 8, 2023, Pg


Introduction
Syria, which was one of the most stable and influential worlds in the Middle East until the end of 2010, has become one of the most vulnerable and unstable worlds in the region, and one of the hotbeds of conflict and competition between regional and global actors since the beginning of 2011. The beginning of the Syrian crisis in 2011 was an event that affected the entire regional equation in the Middle East; The crisis in Syria is one of the most challenging crises in the Middle East of this century (Najat, 2017).
The presence of regional and global powers has caused this crisis to take on international dimensions, thereby introducing certain complications (Huda et al., 2022). Perhaps one of the main reasons for the complexity and continuation of the Syrian crisis is the intervention of different actors on three levels: (local, regional, and international). Different perceptions, conflicting interests, hardening of positions between local, regional, and international actors influencing Syria, and the balance of power due to the full support of regional and international actors for their local groups, have all transformed this into a deeply complex exigency (Najat, 2017).
The Syrian crisis which began in 2011 and lasted for more than ten years due to the multiplicity of intervening parties had serious consequences for the Syrian people. The number of casualties due to the war reached (500) thousand in 2021. The clashes also led to the displacement of (13) million people. According to the United Nations, more than half of Syria's population fled their homes before the civil war, and more than 80% of the population lives below the poverty line. In addition, 6.5 million Syrians suffer from food insecurity, and 12 million need humanitarian assistance (Miqdad, 2017).
The ongoing war in Syria for 11 years has led to the escalation of political and sectarian divisions, the escalation of tensions, and the spread of terrorism in the region, in addition to its harmful internal repercussions (Ahmed, (2017). The war at the international level led to a new wave of refugees, intensification of terrorist operations on all continents, and an escalation of tensions between the United States and Russia. The Syrian crisis has generated many repercussions and will be categorized into three levels: (local, regional, and international). Therefore, this analytical paper sheds light on the internal repercussions of the crisis regarding the political, security, and economic fields and its negative repercussions at the regional and international levels (Miqdad, 2017).

The Syrian Crisis and Security Implications for Jordan
Jordan is facing difficult economic conditions due to the repercussions of the crisis in Syria; with the increase in the number of Syrian refugees in Jordan, which have imposed humanitarian and security difficulties onto it, it finds itself facing a complex crisis, as well as some of its internal manifestations and others produced by regional developments now also encounter strain. This has consequently been one of the most difficult years that Jordan has experienced (Rousan, 2021).
The pressure on state resources by hundreds of thousands of refugees perplexes the Jordanian government and makes it unable to advance political, economic, or even social development; this imposes further encumberments with the increase in the number of Syrian refugees in Jordan, the support packages provided by the state to citizens, and the foreign aid funds provided to Jordan. It also goes to the benefit of the Syrian refugees, and it seems that the cost of the Syrians' presence in the Kingdom is undoubtedly great, but it is difficult to estimate because there is a daily displacement movement that constantly increases the cost, and the Jordanian government is still bearing the responsibilities related to infrastructure, water, schools, health, and other associated entities (Rousan, 2021).
Receiving large numbers of refugees, which amounted to approximately 30% of the total population according to the last population census of 2015, results in 14% of them being Syrian refugees, which focuses pressing requirements on water and electricity sectors and costs of subsidizing goods, especially bread, education, and health sectors, thereby affecting the real estate sector, which led to rising expenditures in relation to apartments, ergo impacting Jordanian citizens significantly (Rousan, 2021).
The increase in the influx of Syrian refugees created a significant water problem for the Kingdom and a subsequent failure to meet citizens' demands for water. This was mentioned by the Jordanian Minister of Water and Irrigation, who confirmed that Jordan is now going through a real water crisis and the reason is due to an increase in the flow of Syrians, especially in the areas of Mafraq, Irbid, and Ramtha (Saleh, 2013). The influx of the large number of refugees in an unorganized manner led to confusion and shock for the Jordanian society, so it was subjected to the chaos of the reception and a lack of awareness of the dimensions and size of the Syrian refugee problem since its inception, and foreseeing the issue in all its dimensions contributed to the exacerbation of the problem and its reflection on the lives of Jordanian citizens and emergence of many popular criticisms of official handling of it and how to protect the interests of its citizens (Singlawi, 2017).
The demographics and political factor play a role in the increase in crime, as Jordan's presence in a tense political and security area, especially in light of the strong relations between the peoples of the region, has made Jordan a central figure affected by these political and security developments. Those entering and leaving the Kingdom have contributed to the development of the numbers and forms of crime in Jordan. One of the most important challenges facing the Kingdom is that the growth in the number of students has outpaced the speed of building schools. In addition to the high population increase, government schools have had to receive thousands of additional children from Syrian refugees as students in schools of the Jordanian governorates, where the permanent representative of Jordan at the United Nations office in Geneva estimated the highest number of students to be. Syrians who receive their education in schools of the Ministry of Education amount to 145,000 students, while the support that Jordan receives in the education sector does not exceed 25% of the international support set for the education sector, and as such the government bears the largest burden of educational expenses. With the arrival of the Syrians, many classrooms became very overcrowded, which were originally for Jordanians, and while many schools use the two-shift system, this led to making class sessions 35 minutes instead of 45 minutes and has resulted in a loss of teaching time, in addition to teachers working extra shifts and has accordingly presented challenges in the completion of lessons. In compensation for that, schools implemented the double-shift system after 41% of public schools became overcrowded (Rousan, 2021).
The largest number of Syrian refugees have left the refugee camps designated for them and are now living in areas and neighborhoods of villages and cities in Jordan. This housing move outside the camps has facilitated the establishment of various social relations with the groups as well as groups of the host communities, as has led to external marriages. These events have resulted in intermarriages between refugees and different groups of societies in Jordan, in addition to a good number now own and rents houses, or residential apartments in which they live within the neighborhoods of Jordanian cities and villages, which indicates more social integration between refugee camps in Jordan and integration of residents of these camps into the societies. The host community is broad and multifaceted. Some refugee categories, especially those who leave the camps and own new homes or real estate outside the camps, have begun to adapt to the way of life and culture of the host communities in Jordan.
Among the most important main influences that affected the psychology and psychological readiness in Jordanian local communities, which became a real dilemma, include the following: (Shanaq, 2019), a) The Syrian presence causes a state of distress and psychological pressure on the local population, especially since the refugees receive support from international bodies and a large group of citizens live in extreme poverty, b) The volume of the Kingdom's imports from abroad have increased, due to the high proportion of c) Weapon smuggling operations, in light of the bloody events in Syria, and this has caused a high crime rate as well as the spread of the phenomenon of weapons among people, especially young people. The entry of a large number of Syrian refugees into Jordan and the absence of a security history regarding them, as some exhibit criminal characteristics, have affected Jordanian society and the greater population at a time when the volume of exports did not increase.
The Syrian crisis is one of the crises that developed gradually from what was initially an internal conflict that intensified and then became a civil war, leading ultimately to a regional and international crisis. Ten years later, this crisis has become one of the most complex in the region since World War II. The Syrian crisis brought the region into a new polarization. In this regard, it can be argued that except for the Ukrainian crisis, there is no event in recent years that has created such political polarization, and when comparing the Syrian crisis, it has become somewhat reminiscent of the Cold War (Abdullah & Salman, 2022).
The war in Syria has had many negative consequences for the state and has encroached upon politics, security, economy, social and cultural fields. In the economy, reconstruction and return of refugees will be one of the main problems of the Syrian government in the postcrisis situation. The International Monetary Fund estimates that 75% of the Syrian economy has been destroyed, and the United Nations estimates that it will take at least 30 years for the Syrian economy to return to its pre-war levels. The Syrian government is facing real difficulties in restoring economic recovery, due to the extent of damage to the infrastructure and manufacturing sector and the emigration of large numbers of businessmen and skilled manpower, as well as the imposition of Arab and Western sanctions.
The sleeper cells of terrorist groups will continue to operate even after the end of the Syrian crisis, which will create many security problems for the Syrian government. In addition to all that, the crisis in Syria has led to the presence of many foreign actors in the country, including the United States and Turkey, and ending the illegal and illegitimate role of foreign actors in the new phase is one of the main challenges facing Syria. In conclusion, it should be noted that the end of the war in Syria could reduce political, security, and economic problems and tensions in the Middle East in general and Jordan in particular. Otherwise, as the crisis continues, Jordan will continue to be affected by the negative political, security, and economic consequences of the Syrian crisis both domestically and internationally (Abdullah & Selim, 2016).

Jordan's Ability to Provide Security for Syrian Refugees
The influx of Syrian refugees has highlighted a governance crisis in Jordan. The government is being stretched beyond its ability to provide basic services such as health care, education, and waste management in the municipalities most affected by the Syrian refugee crisis. As the quality of these services deteriorates, Jordanian citizens no longer blame only Syrian refugees, but also the government for failing to provide services. This dynamic presents a major political challenge to the government and limits the range of options available to it to respond to the Syrian refugee crisis (Rousan, 2021).
The increase in the influx of Syrian refugees instigated a critical water problem for the Kingdom and a resultant failure to meet the citizens' demands for water. This was mentioned by the Jordanian Minister of Water and Irrigation, who confirmed that Jordan is now going through a real water crisis and the reason is due to an increase in the entry of Syrians, especially in the areas of Mafraq, Irbid, and Ramtha (Qallab, 2013).
The Syrian refugees have overburdened Jordan's economic infrastructure and resources, which were already suffering from structural problems before the outbreak of the refugee crisis. Jordan has lost confidence in the support of international donors and is facing humanitarian appeals that constantly submit complaints concerning lack of funding; therefore, without additional assistance and response regarding a sustainable refugee crisis, this quandary exacerbates long-term risks of instability in Jordan and the region (Rousan, 2021).
As stated earlier, the pressure on state resources due to hundreds of thousands of refugees confounds the Jordanian government and makes it unable to advance political, economic, or even enact social development, and with the increase in the number of Syrian refugees in Jordan, the support packages provided by the state to citizens, as well as the foreign aid funds provided to Jordan, also goes to the benefit of the Syrian refugees. While it seems that the cost of the Syrians' presence in the Kingdom is undoubtedly great, it is difficult to estimate because there is a daily displacement movement that constantly increases the cost, so the Jordanian government continues to bear the responsibility of infrastructure, water, schools, health, and so on.

The Western and United Nations Aid to Jordan
Although Jordan hosts one of the largest refugee populations in the world, the Jordanian government's policy toward refugees is not clear. It has not signed any international agreements or protocols regulating the treatment of refugees, including the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the Additional Protocol of 1967. The absence of Jordan's international obligations under these treaties, therefore, allows the government to have a greater degree of influence in its responses to the level of policies related to the influx of refugees.
As a result of Jordan's limited obligations under international law, refugees inside the country remain legally exposed. There is no legal obligation for Jordan to continue accepting refugees; thus, the human security of Syrians fleeing their war-torn country is at risk. The Kingdom has increasingly blocked the flow of Syrians at its borders and curtailed the freedoms and services provided to refugees. The humanitarian community also accused Jordan of returning refugees to Syria, especially men and unaccompanied Palestinians. These actions amount to a violation of the principle of non-refoulment.
Jordan faces a governance crisis; this has been underscored by the inundation of Syrian refugees. Overextended in providing the most basic services waste management, health care, and education government provisions of these necessities have deteriorated to the point where the citizenry has begun to expand its criticism to include the government for the failure to supply these services and not place blame only on the refugees for disruptions. As such, the Syrian refugee crisis has created a situation that presents the government with a significant political challenge that restricts the possible responses that may be employed as a solution to this humanitarian plight.

U.S. Relations with Jordan
The United States is Jordan's single largest provider of bilateral assistance, providing more than $1.65 billion in FY 2021, including over $1.197 billion appropriated by the U.S. Congress to Jordan through USAID in the 2021 fiscal year budget, and $425 million in State Department Foreign Military Financing funds. The United States has also provided nearly $1.7 billion in humanitarian assistance to support Syrian refugees in Jordan since the start of the Syrian crisis This includes over $265 million in humanitarian assistance to organizations assisting Syrian and non-Syrian refugees in Jordan and Jordanian host communities in years 2021.
In 2018, the U.S. and Jordan signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to provide $6.375 billion in bilateral foreign assistance to Jordan over five years, pending the availability of funds. The MOU reinforces the U.S. commitment to broaden cooperation and dialogue between the two countries in a variety of areas. Assistance programs contribute to a strong bilateral relationship centered on a stable, reform-oriented Jordan. Development assistance has resulted in improved health indicators, road and water networks, the construction of hundreds of schools, thousands of Jordanians in various fields educated and trained in the United States, grants and loans for U.S. agricultural commodities, and assistance for Jordanian communities hosting refugees from Syria.
Current focus areas include macroeconomic policy, competitiveness, private sector development, energy, water security, governance, education, health, and women and youth empowerment. A strong U.S. military assistance program is designed to meet Jordan's legitimate defense needs, including preservation of border integrity and regional stability through the provision of material and training. The U.S. humanitarian assistance supports refugee food and non-food cash and voucher assistance, access to health care and education to complement public services, water and sanitation, shelter and settlements, livelihood support, and protection assistance.

European Commission
The EU has spearheaded the international response to the Syrian crisis, supporting actions both inside Syria and in affected neighboring countries, with €30 billion mobilized by the EU and its Member States since 2011. Jordan and its people have been severely affected by the Syrian crisis, with over 663,000 refugees from Syria registered by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), (February 2021). The EU's total assistance to help Jordan manage the impact of the Syrian refugee crisis amounts to almost €3.3 billion since 2011 through its various instruments.
With the twelfth year of the crisis in Syria approaching, and the COVID-19 pandemic entering its second year, coordination in addressing the various challenges of responding to refugees in Jordan has become even more important. Building on previous achievements and seizing new opportunities, the Commission has made many achievements this year in coordination with partners and with the generosity of the Jordanian government as a host country. The UNHCR is proud to work with 36 partners, including government institutions, civil societies, and other UN organizations while ensuring the alignment of a humanitarian response, development work, and the ongoing search for sustainable solutions.
After including refugees in the national response since the beginning of the pandemic, the Jordanian government has included refugees in the COVID-19 vaccination plan as of January 2021. Since then, the UNHCR has worked closely with the Ministries of Health and Interior and the National Centre for Security and Crisis Management to raise awareness among the community of refugees about vaccinations and prepare them for taking it. These joint efforts included community outreach in addition to outreach materials, as well as the establishment of vaccination centers and mobile vaccination units in camps and UNHCR registration centers across the country. As a result, refugee vaccination rates continue to rise and are close to the national vaccination rate in Jordan.
The UNHCR has distributed more than $100 million to more than 350,000 refugees in 2021, while 2020 had nearly $80 million distributed. This support has been provided to the neediest refugees in various ways, such as monthly cash assistance for basic needs, emergency assistance for COVID-19, and winter cash aid. To promote financial inclusion among refugee communities, more than 6,000 families (16% of beneficiaries) receiving cash assistance throughout the year moved from virtual accounts to mobile wallets.
The German government has granted a package of 900.7 million euros in new aid to the Kingdom in terms of grants, technical assistance, and soft loans that will be directed to finance sectoral development projects for Syrian refugees during the period of 2015-2021, which are considered a priority, as well as to support the Jordanian response plan to the Syrian crisis. An amount of (344.37) million euros has been allocated as development aid to finance projects to support vital sectors through grants, technical assistance, and soft loans.
To support the Jordanian response plan to the crisis, an amount of grant aid worth (102.72) million euros will be provided. This is to finance projects for host communities and to support Syrian refugees. Also, (300) million euros in the form of financial aid will be included to assist various sectors such as water and sanitation, education, vocational training, and technical education to contribute to providing more job opportunities, as well as an amount of (44.37) million euros in grants in the form of technical assistance, and an amount of (36.6) million euros representing previous commitments that Germany had announced during 2021.

Refugee Issue and The Implications to Jordan's National Security
As Jordan is facing difficult economic conditions due to the repercussions of the crisis in Syria, and with the increase in the number of Syrian refugees in Jordan that have imposed humanitarian and security difficulties on it, it finds itself facing a complex crisis with some of its manifestations being internal, while others have been produced by regional developments; all of this has brought about one of the most difficult times that Jordan has lived through. Furthermore, Jordan has experienced cascading ramifications on services and areas of its infrastructure. The overburdening of water and electricity services, as well as education and health provisions that have also been pressed beyond their normal limits, even the cost of subsidized goods such as bread have been afflicted all of these are the results of the refugee crisis and according to the 2015 population census, roughly 30% of the total population were refugees, of which 14% of these were Syrian refugees. Additionally, a consequent rise in the costs of apartments has developed within the real estate sector, and Jordanian citizens have thus been impacted significantly (Rousan, 2021).
The influx of refugees in large numbers and in a unionized manner has led to confusion and shock for Jordanian society, and so it was subjected to the chaos of the reception and the lack of awareness of the dimensions and size of the Syrian refugee problem since its inception, which has gradually led to involving the interests of its citizens (Singlawi, 2017).
Demographics and political factors play a role in the increase in crime, as Jordan's presence in a politically and security tense region, especially considering the strong relations between the peoples of the region, has made Jordan a centre affected by these political and security developments. Those entering and leaving the Kingdom have contributed to the development of numbers and forms of crime in Jordan.
Currently, the Kingdom has not been able to maintain educational services for its citizenry as the need for new schools has not matched the increases in the volume of students entering the educational system. This population explosion has forced government schools to accommodate thousands of Syrian refugee children and include them Jordanian governorate schools. An estimate of 145,000 students that are currently provided an education under the Ministry of Education are said to be Syrian children, according to the Jordanian permanent representative at the United Nations office in Geneva.
Currently, the Syrian government has had to bear the brunt of the expenses of public education, as international support that is received by Jordan has not exceeded 25%. Furthermore, the significant overburdening of the educational system services due to the arrival of Syrians has forced a number of schools to adopt a two-shift system to accomodate the influx of additional students. Consequently, class time has been reduced to 35-minute sessions from the previous 45-minute sessions, resulting in reduced time for lesson delivery and an increase in extra shifts being taken by teachers. This double shift system was implemented in order to compensate when 41% of public schools exceeded the normal capacity of students (Rousan, 2021).
A significant portion of the Syrian refugees have transitioned from the camps and become interspersed amongst the cities, villages and neighbourhoods of Jordan. This shift has naturally brought with it a diversity of novel relations within the newly forming social groups, blending the host and transplanted communities, facilitating intermarrying across the spectrum of the society of Jordan. Moreover, many of the refugees make real estate and home purchases in Jordan after leaving the camps and have gradually integrated into the greater cultural life of the Jordanian community.
Of particular import, the general psychology and overall psychological readiness of the Jordanian local communities has been deeply impacted by this circumstance and has thereby devolved into the current predicament. The situation is exacerbated with a significant proportion of Jordan's native population existing in extreme poverty, while refugees gain support from international bodies. These aspects, coupled with the byproduct of arms smuggling in relation to the horrific activities in Syria and residual trends of weapons use among the younger generations of Jordanians, the exorbitant rates of crime, and the lack of proper security screening of many Syrian refugees who may have criminal backgrounds, have all disrupted the social fabric of Jordan (Shanaq, 2019).
The Jordanian national security was affected by the instability of the situation in Syria, where a heavy burden fell on the Jordanian state. Jordan doubles the security efforts to protect Jordan, its borders, and property from repercussions of the crisis, tightening protection and control on common borders between the two countries and addressing security challenges that may arise within the territory of the Kingdom. In addition to the efforts of the security services, Security is monitoring the internal situation of the Kingdom and preventing any problems or incidents that may occur, and if necessary, measures are not taken.
The Jordanian Ministry of Interior issued statistics and reports indicating the percentage of crimes committed by Syrians. Crime rates and forms of crimes in Jordan doubled by 100%, as the number of crimes in 2014 reached 4845, and this doubled in 2015 to reach about 10 thousand, and in the years from 2018-2020 it was recorded to be 9623. Regarding internal security issues, there were challenges in dealing with the Syrian refugees, as the conditions of the Syrian refugees began to be fully controlled. As for the camps, the cases of escape reached 1000 cases in the Zaatari camp, while now only 4 cases have been documented. Additionally, 70% of Syrian refugees have entered Jordan illegally .
There is a fear concerning the internal security situation with respect to arms smuggling through Jordan, as there is difficulty in dealing with Syrian immigrants, and refugee camps have become a major security challenge, as until recently they were the scene of almost daily riots, and internal protests there spread abroad to involve citizens and residents close to camp borders. For various reasons that were addressed at the time, governorates witnessed unfortunate events, represented by the occurrence of several murders and looting (Fayez, 2020).
The increased number of Syrian migrants to Jordan has led to a state of alert by the Jordanian security services and the Jordanian armed forces. They are responsible for securing protection for the Jordanian Syrian border strip to secure protection for Syrian migrants, situate them within Jordanian territory, and provide the necessary care for the injured and wounded. This has also increased the burdens taken on by security, political, social, and health issues that have thus exceeded the originally limited capabilities of Jordan. The issue of Jordanian national security has become an aspect of the challenges that Jordan is facing, as a result of an external crisis experienced by a neighboring Arab country (Mahmoud, 2019).
Security efforts to confront refugees have proven to be very costly, especially with confronting all the forms of penetration into Jordanian national security. Additionally, the rising levels of alert and warning of military and security agencies and state of maximum preparedness has had an impact on unit programs and salaries, and the resulting high costs that traditional budgets cannot bear, and the preoccupation with security aspects has resulted in a reduction of professionalism and excellence in combat missions.
The large influx of Syrian refugees forced Jordan to take security measures on its borders with Syria, where it declared a state of emergency. The Jordanian armed forces are receiving, transporting, and accommodating Syrian refugees, measures that cost millions of dinars and put great pressure on the budget of these forces. The Jordanian border was also subjected to sudden attacks from the Syrian side after a period of calm and lack of quarrels because of the continuous arrival of refugees and their influx across the Jordanian borders. These areas became targeted by the Syrian interior, which follows the refugees and the stages of their escape to Jordan; consequently, the collisions occurred near Jordan's northern border.

Analysis
Despite all the challenges Jordan faces due to its growing refugee population, the Kingdom has maintained a broad-based open border policy. Refugees from Syria have been allowed to continue to enter its territory, while favourable policies have also been demonstrated toward refugees, and as such, these events have been appreciated by the UNHCR and the international community. The Syrian refugee crisis has left deep economic and social repercussions, which forces authorities in charge of the crisis to face challenges in the most affected communities, which receives large numbers of asylum seekers.
The increasing number of Syrian refugees in Jordan imposes financial obligations on the government through the services it provides to them. This has resulted in the government developing strategies to deal with work crises and increasing the coordination between donors to bolster targeted funding and support to increase funds and speed up the process of disbursing them to needed support groups. The Jordanian government is hosting refugees and taking part in the implementation of strategies and plans to ensure the sustainability of services provided to Syrian refugees. Hosting and protecting refugees and providing them with the necessary livelihood requires significant effort; accordingly, the Jordanian government is incapable of implementation individually without the support of international organizations and bodies, the international community, and the United Nations (Malik & Mohamed, 2018).
The Jordanian government has adopted a significant amount of the responsibility, and it continues to maintain a vital role in assisting the Syrian refugees, by managing relief operations, organizing refugee camps, and providing them with all aspects of humanitarian and relief assistance. However, this matter has burdened national security concerns. These issues have not been limited to the Syrian refugee camps but have extended even further. The Syrian refugees are now scattered throughout all the regions and governorates of Jordan. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen support, engender further coordination between donors, increase funding, and speed up the process of disbursements to aid the Jordanian government in hosting and assisting refugees.

Conclusion
Syrian migrations pose economic, social, and security challenges to the state and society. Their impact extends to Jordanian participation in their gains, especially water, electricity, education, and health. The effects of this participation began to appear in the low level of services in some sectors as a result of pressure that exceeded the capacities of the concerned institutions.
Jordanian society contains outstanding numbers of Syrian refugees looking for safety and security. These numbers have had a strong impact on Jordanian society in terms of economic, social, and security concerns. Jordanian society suffers from a weak economy, high unemployment, a lack of resources, and dilemmas related to the education system, health, transportation, services, and old infrastructure, the most important of which is the water dilemma, as Jordan is one of the poorest countries in the world regarding available water resources. This crisis compounded the crises that the Kingdom is experiencing at a time when the international community is unable to solve the refugee problems. Jordan needs financial support to be able to provide its services to refugees in light of weak resources and a fragile economy.
The effects of the refugee waves are not limited to the economic aspects, relief issues, and the ability to equip shelter and living equipment. Furthermore, it is not limited to the security aspects, penetration issues, possession of control and monitoring tools, and protection of the security wall. Attention should be paid to what is more dangerous and has a deeper impact in terms of uncontrolled social transformations and the massive change in the system of values that affects the essence of life, affects social ties, and disrupts the demographic structure and moral homogeneity in Jordan.
The repercussions of the Syrian crisis that is being experienced at present is one of the most frequent waves of refugees that have negatively affected the local community for many reasons, including the complexity of the international situation towards the Syrian crisis and the consequent failure to find political solutions to the Syrian crisis and the continuation of the waves of refugees, which has exerted pressure on the capabilities and resources of Jordan's services that ultimately must be able withstand all of these aspects and face the effects of this crisis according to a clear and long-term vision.
Confidence in the support of international doners has been lost by Jordan. It is faced with humanitarian appeals involving continual complaints that focus on the lack of funds. As Jordan continues to take on the responsibility of supporting the refugees while simultaneously addressing the internal economic and social crises, the long-term stability of Jordan and the wider region will continue to be strained unless further assistance is introduced coupled with innovative solutions to address this emergency.

Recommendations
The Syrian crisis has provided a significant challenge to the Middle East, where various regional and international forces have a significant role in defining the aspects of the Syrian issue and its future scenarios. The true situation is exceedingly complex, and it is not likely to be resolved quickly due to the intertwining of the Syrian crisis, the variety of levels of regional conflict in the Middle East, and the paucity of political ideas put up. Syria's civil war may push the Middle East into the so-called Great Settlement stage. The Syrian dictatorship had clearly foreclosed any prospect of maintaining the solution inside the national framework.
Syria's civil war has had numerous detrimental implications for the country in terms of politics, security, economy, social, and cultural aspects. One of the primary issues for the Syrian government would be economic restoration and refugees. According to the International Monetary Fund, 75% of Syria's economy has been devastated, and the UN believes that it will take at least 30 years for the Syrian economy to recover to pre-war levels. Due to the level of damage to the infrastructure and manufacturing sector, the Syrian government is facing significant obstacles in economic recovery. The end of the Syrian war could alleviate political, security, and economic issues and tensions in the Middle East in general and in Jordan in particular. Otherwise, Jordan will be influenced by the severe political, security and economic ramifications of the Syrian crisis as long as the crisis persists.
Several aspects must be taken into consideration to successfully maintain Jordan's national security. A detailed analysis of the main components should be carried out. Regardless, knowing the strategy behind the actions of Syrian refugees would help avoid misperceptions that may lead to wrong decisions. The work of state institutions and local community organizations must be unified alongside the Jordanian armed forces to facilitate the process of providing aid in a better manner and to ensure the preservation of Jordan's national defense and security. The Syrian labor force must be controlled in the Jordanian labor market, which increases the unemployment situation, and the work of some of the expertise that can be benefited from the Jordanian labor market should be organized to support the national economy.
Among the recommendations is also the need to work to urge the international community, led by the United Nations, to take all measures that would stop the Syrian machine of destruction and killing of the Syrian people. The Arab countries must take a unified position towards the Syrian crisis, and any delay in the solution increases the difficulty of the situation in Syria, especially the humanitarian situation inside and outside Syria. Steps should be taken to stop the military operations in the border areas to prevent any impact on the neighbouring countries of Syria.
There is a necessity for providing international support to the countries neighbouring Syria in the Middle East so that these countries can avoid facing further enormous pressure on their resources as a result of the large numbers of refugees in them. Plans should also be drafted for developing security strategies in the countries of the Middle East to limit any security breaches that may occur as a result of military operations adjacent to their borders or as a result of the presence of large numbers of refugees on their lands.