Analysis on the Cultivation of Entrepreneurship Competency for Politics and Law Majors in Higher Vocational College of Political Science and Law in China

Entrepreneurship competency cultivation emphasizes on the shaping of entrepreneurship spirit and the fostering of entrepreneurship competency, taking creativity, exploration, and thinking ability as the foundation of entrepreneurship education among different levels of colleges or universities. Till now, although some scholars have done some research on the entrepreneurship competency cultivation of students majoring in politics and law in some universities, there is still relatively little research in this area for political and law majors in higher vocational colleges of political science and law. Hence, in view of this situation, based on literature review and document analysis, this paper focused on the study of the entrepreneurship competency cultivation in higher vocational colleges of political science and law, aiming to figure out the existent situation of the entrepreneurship competency cultivation for politics and law majors. The results of the study will be surely beneficial for students to develop their comprehensive entrepreneurship competency and for educators to better explore the cultivation pathways through embedding entrepreneurship competencies into the overall teaching processes for the politics and law majors in vocational colleges of political science and law.


Introduction
Vocational Colleges of Political Science and law are a special part of China's higher education system which is mainly based on the unique politics, culture and law of human society, undertaking the function of higher vocational education and the training of governmental Vol 13, Issue 2, (2024) E-ISSN: 2226-6348 leaders and cadres in the provincial political and legal system (Huang, 2019).At present, there are 33 independent political and legal vocational colleges in China accounted for about 2.6% of the 1,288 vocational colleges nationwide (Guan, 2016).Educational conduction in vocational colleges of political science and law is different from that in other kinds of higher vocational colleges in the management system, school running policy, talent training positioning, school-enterprise cooperation, career service objects, educational content, educational mode and other aspects (Zhang, 2019).As the cradle and position for training and bringing up high-quality political and legal cadres, the colleges involve the core fields such as political science, foreign affairs, sociology and administrative management (Xu, 2019).From the perspective of the positioning of political and legal colleges, administrative management, social humanities, policy and system are its characteristic elements.Political and legal colleges are typical school-running modes combining politics and law in China (Liu, 2021).Under the call of the slogan of mass innovation and mass entrepreneurship, the object of this study, Hebei Vocational College of Political Science and Law, is also involved in the inevitable wave of combination of vocational education with entrepreneurship education.However, although it is different in the special status of higher vocational colleges of political science and law in China's educational system, as well as their national positioning, social employment direction, nature of political and legal colleges and the characteristics of politics and law majors, the entrepreneurship competency cultivation has mainly adopted that with the tilt for engineering schools or majors, which based on the teaching and objectives of science and engineering schools, and business issues tend to dominate such integrated efforts, influenced by current unbalanced valuation materials and economic directives (He et al., 2018), without considering the characteristics of students majoring in political science and law, after all, for politics and law majors, they even do not see themselves as business-related entrepreneurs (Jansen, 2010).The recognition of the entrepreneurship competency cultivation for politics and law majors requires a sufficient literature review.and based on which to identify the existent situation and hope to provide guidelines or directions for the future entrepreneurship competency cultivation.

Purpose
The main objective of the review is to graph out the study on entrepreneurship competency cultivation for politics and law majors with the aim to find answers to the following two research questions.
• What are the findings from literature review on entrepreneurship competency cultivation for politics and law majors?
• What are the findings from document analysis on entrepreneurship competency cultivation for politics and law majors?In line with the above research questions, specific objectives of the study are addressed as below: • To review articles and documents on the entrepreneurship competency cultivation.
•To summarize the findings on the entrepreneurship competency cultivation for politics and law majors.

Methodology
The study refers to systematic literature review (SLR) method under the guidelines by (Kitchenham, 2012).Under a set of rules, by summarizing, analyzing, and synthesizing the data obtained from the findings, the breadth and depth of the existent research can be identified (Xiao & Watson, 2019), based on which the research questions an be figured out.A pre-defined PRISMA protocol was developed under the searching strategy with the key words "entrepreneurship competency" and "politics and law majors" (Moher et al., 2009).In terms of the inclusion criterion, as the purpose of this phase is to get a comprehensive grasp of the entrepreneurship competency cultivation for politics and law majors worldwide, only studies that focus on the entrepreneurship competency for politics and law majors were included.Literature reviews on a specific entrepreneurship competency or that for other fields or majors, and papers written in non-English were excluded.The eligibility requirements were: a) the objectives and contents of entrepreneurship competency cultivation; and b) the typology of the entrepreneurship competency study, including conceptual, empirical, quantitative and qualitative research.Eventually, after the title, abstract, and full-text screening, 5 main articles out of 17 were selected.Additionally, the latest documents concerned with entrepreneurship teaching and training for political and legal colleges in China were also reviewed.Among which, 5 documents were the main reference for detailed analysis.
Figure 1： The PRISMA flowchart Findings Findings from Literature Review By reviewing the literature in Scopus, WOS, and CNKI in China, it is found that The talent training of higher vocational colleges of political science and law is more on the political and law system and modern service industry (Xu, 2019).The attention is paid to student's political and legal knowledge application competency which is different from industrial "productive" operation, but also the pure theoretical legal research (Zheng, 2014).There is almost no business-related major which leads to the lack of a practical platform for school-enterprise or work-study cooperation.The single professional knowledge structure and lack of the practical ability lead the students to less entrepreneurial confidence.The entrepreneurial competency cultivation, especially the teaching method is still more inclined to science or business majors, and most of the entrepreneurship competitions or activities held in the college of political science and law are nonliberal arts (Guan, 2016).For politics and law majors, students who even do not they can successfully start a business (Erdogan et al., 2011).The curriculum system of entrepreneurial competency cultivation is not mature enough in width of its coverage, in the depth of the integration degree between entrepreneurial courses and professional courses (Nägele & Stalder, 2017).Besides, the characteristics of the political and legal majors which is contrary to that of the business or product-oriented field makes the transformation ability of scientific and technological achievements are insufficient.(Fan, 2021).Entrepreneurship competency cultivation for politics and law majors should focus on the institutional, cultural, and conceptual aspects Zhang (2019), but the lack of technical support for entrepreneurship makes the competency cultivation difficult to find the entry point (Huang, 2019).In a word, till now, there isn't a set of competency training target systems in line with their characteristics, the entrepreneurship competency cultivation is still in the context of the business nature.

Findings from Document Analysis
Reality Situation in National Level Through the document analysis, it is noticed that entrepreneurship competency cultivation is the integral and essential requirements of the national development.As China has entered into a new turning era to comprehensively promote the rule of law, to build an innovative country and achieve the great national rejuvenation are the great goals of development in the following decade.Talent is a clear measuring indicator of a country's comprehensive national strength, and to build a grand talents team featuring high-quality is the basic premise and important guarantee for governance system and completing the building of a prosperous society in all respects.The entrepreneurship educational implementation in higher vocational colleges of political science and law, not only to develop student's intelligence and knowledge, vigorously improve their ideological and political quality, professional working ability and professional ethics striving to build a socialist work team who are loyal to country, people and the law, but also to cultivate student's entrepreneurship competency, especially to encourage student's innovation in system, culture, theory and idea to provide a strong organizational and talent guarantee for accelerating the construction of innovative country (Huang, 2019) .The state attaches great importance to the entrepreneurship of college students, and timely issues entrepreneurship policies or documents according to the economic and social development.Local governments, colleges and universities cater to further interpret and refine the relevant policies.However, so far, the national policies, regulations or public service platforms related to the cultivation of entrepreneurial competency of political and legal colleges are not very sound.It is one of the existent problems of the entrepreneurship competency cultivation in political and legal colleges.

Reality Situation in Social Level
There is a concept for political and legal colleges in the society, that is, it is generally believed that the students are the most respected only when they enter the national judicial or governmental organs and become legal staff.Therefore, almost all political science and law majors in higher vocational colleges choose to pass the judicial examination to be a lawyer or a law adviser in companies, and some of them choose to take the civil servant examination to go into the public department and other state institutions.The fact is the judicial examination is relatively difficult to pass and the amount of the offered post in the public department and other state institutions is limited, which increases the difficulty for political and legal majors to go into the government organs.The following table is the graduation direction of Grade 2021 in Hebei higher vocational college of Political science and Law which shows the social employment reality.According to the survey, the main graduation direction of 2021 graduates is flexible employment (other forms of employment), the number is 2498, accounting for 56.39%; followed by is the option of admission to go further study in general undergraduate university, there is a total of 1177 people, accounting for 26.57%.Professional restrictions makes the employment situation for political and legal students very serious.After all, law related positions are limited, and some positions even have a high threshold.There is no factory, construction site and other job creation field as big demand for employment, the professional directions are only the public civil servant examination, scientific research, law firms, legal affairs, legal education, training and other related work, these jobs are limited, and many jobs have rigid requirements and need strong practicality, that they must pass the law examination.The employment trend of political science and law majors is generally that supply exceeds demand and competition is fierce.In other words, only a few students from political and legal majors can enter into government agencies or engage in the legal profession, and most of the rest of the others have to directly face the problem of entrepreneurship challenges in the coming years when they graduate from the college, many are forced to change their job preference and start their own businesses or career.The obsession that political and legal students give priority to the employment of government departments is one of the influencing factors affecting the cultivation of entrepreneurial competency.In the face of such social employment reality, students should break the professional restrictions, change their ideas, establish entrepreneurial awareness, and forge their own entrepreneurial competency.This is also the urgent demand of relieving the employment pressure of politics and law majors by fostering entrepreneurship competency cultivation in line with the employment reality in higher vocational colleges of political science and law.

Reality Situation in College Level
Majors in higher vocational colleges of political science and law are specially set up about the unique politics, culture and law of human society which are highly professional and all concerned with the politics and law.The setting of the discipline is centralized, single and narrow.Therefore, the entrepreneurship teaching and educational training in higher vocational colleges of political science and law are more inclined to theoretical teaching.The talent training of higher vocational colleges of political science and law is more on the political and law system and modern service industry.The attention is paid to student's political and legal knowledge, application competence, that is different from industrial "productive" operation, but also from "pure theoretical legal research".Relatively speaking, higher vocational college of political science and law, lack a practical platform of school-enterprise or work-study cooperation.It is difficult to explore and grasp the entry path of entrepreneurship competency cultivation.Taking the distribution of employment industry of Grade 2021 graduates in Hebei vocational college of Political science and law as an example, the employment industry of 2021 graduates is mainly "wholesale and retail", accounting for 16.65%, followed by "construction", accounting for 11.66%, and the third is "manufacturing", accounting for 10.43%.See the table below for details.In the table, the actual employment industry distribution of graduates from political and legal colleges is very diverse involving a wide variety of professions and fields.The fact is that, the professional and curriculum characteristics of political and legal colleges make it difficult to find a breakthrough point in the cultivation of entrepreneurial competency.In addition to the training of the student's excellent ideological and political quality, the entrepreneurship competency cultivation of higher vocational colleges of Political science and law should break the limitation of majors, concentrate on the development of knowledge accumulation and social adaptation skills and puts the development of professional development as well as the sustainable development of entrepreneurship competency into great consideration.It is vital to empower the younger generation for them to seize the opportunities and to be independent entrepreneurs rather than job seekers ( Alam et al. , 2011), which is also the inner development requirement of political science and law vocational colleges to explore the unique mode of entrepreneurship competency cultivation.Marx (1972) believes that all the attributes of human beings should be given enough attention and fully developed.All the so-called attributes, including people's intelligence and physical strength, and including people's thoughts, sentiment, morality, aesthetic ability and so on (Torrance, 1995).Baidu Encyclopaedia defines comprehensive development as the full development of human being's physical strength and intelligence, and also refers to the harmonious development of human beings in all aspects of virtue, intelligence, body and beauty.Body refers to the status of health which is the length of life.Intelligence refers to one's knowledge and thought which is the depth of life.Virtue refers to morality cultivation which is the height of life.Beauty means aesthetic and sentiment which is the width of life.Only by realizing the all-round development of students can enhance their adaptability to the market and follow the development requirements of society, improve their science and technology competence leading to great production efficiency, create more labour results, and promote the construction of social spiritual civilization.The cultivation and development of entrepreneurship competency focuses on the all-round development and the thorough release of personality helping students understand the basic truth of life to make all the students have sound mental personality, perfect physical health and holistic development.The table below is the distribution of the nature of the employment units of Grade 2021 graduates in Hebei vocational college of political science and law.The employment units of 2021 graduates are mainly "other enterprises"(2430), accounting for 89.04%; followed by "middle and primary education units"(76), accounting for 2.78%; the third is "official department"(74), accounting for 2.71%.As it can be seen from the table, the limitations and narrowness of politics and law majors make nearly 90% of graduates not engaged in industries related to their majors after graduation, only by realizing the all-round development of students during college can they enhance their adaptability to the market and follow the development requirements of society, only improve their scientific and technological competency can they make great production efficiency, create more labour results, and promote the construction of social spiritual civilization.Student's personal understanding of the true meaning of life and their recognition of man's all-round development directly affects the cultivation of entrepreneurial competency.In view of the above reality, the change of student's own concept or attitude is the most critical problem for the establishment of entrepreneurial consciousness and the acquisition of entrepreneurial competency.In other words, the cultivation of entrepreneurship competency is a realistic demand for making political science and law students all-round developed.In a word, the reality situation in the national level, the social level, the college level and the individual level for the cultivation of entrepreneurial competency of political and legal students should be considered for the entrepreneurship competency cultivation that is in line with the characteristics of political and legal majors.

Conclusion
This research starts from two aspects, namely, literature review and document-based reality analysis, and discusses the exact situation of entrepreneurship competency cultivation for politics and law majors in higher vocational colleges of political science and law, it's found that there is no particular study on entrepreneurship competency cultivation in this field, and the analysis of the graduates will surely contribute to the further understanding of the importance of constructing a model on entrepreneurship competency conform to the characteristics of the politics and law majors and the necessity of seeking practical pathways to cultivate students according to the model, and which will surely specify and enrich the academic research on the entrepreneurship education in China.

Table 1
Graduation direction of Grade 2021

Table 2
Employment Industry distribution of 2021 Graduates

Table 3
Distribution of the nature of the employment units of Grade 2021