The Implementation of Tarbiyyah Program based on the Hostel Student Development Module (MPMA): A Study at the Religious Secondary Schools (SMKA) in Penang

Tarbiyyah or education is an utmost tool to nurture our youth’s personality nowadays amidst of global threats and challenges in the non-boundary world today. Thus, this research discusses the implementation of tarbiyyah programme in order to develop student’s personality at the hostels of religious secondary schools in Penang based on the Hostel Student Development Module (MPMA) issued by the Ministry of Education Malaysia. The main objective of this study is to examine the implementation of tarbiyyah programme based on the elements of rūhiyyah (spiritual) and 'aqliyyah (intellectual) for student’s personality development in religious secondary schools, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of programme implementation in the aspects of shaping student’s personality. Finally, to propose some improvements as a personality development module in the term of spiritual and intellectual achievement. This research employs qualitative methods whereby data was collected through observations and interviews. In general, the findings of qualitative research showed that the implementation of tarbiyyah programme can improve student self-esteem, especially in the aspects of spiritual and intellectual intelligence. Thus, this study concludes that the implementation of tarbiyyah programme based on the Hostel Student Development Module (MPMA) is very relevant and appropriate to be implemented at educational institutions as a personality development module. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 8, August 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 377


Introduction
Basically, the main objective in the implementation of tarbiyyah program in religious secondary schools (SMKA) is to develop for great personality, reliance and taqwa among the religious school students (Ministry of Education, 1997).These programs are also part of an Islamic educational program in the form of non-formal activities to complement formal Islamic education programs, in terms of reciprocity and complementary relationships (Hassan et al., 1981).In this regard, the Ministry of Education (1980) has stated that all activities during the hostel's leisure time are considered as additional or complementary activities to the existing programme.Therefore, the implementation of tarbiyyah programs in the framework of non-formal activities can complement the formal Islamic learning objectives in the aspect of personality development and character building.As a learning process, the non-formal educational activities will influence students in their daily performance, besides influences from their sorroundings (Rogers, 2004).While the practice of formal education have some deficiency of effectiveness in the context of building human character as it was more towards academic excellence rather than values, morals and personalities advancement (Ibrahim, 1987).Therefore, the significance role of tarbiyyah program is undeniable in terms of developing students' personality.In a meantime, the program can fulfill the aspirations of national education as intended in the National Education Philosophy.In this regard, the Hostel Student Development Module (MPMA) that was highlighted by the Ministry of Education ( 2007) is one of the frameworks and modules that can produce hostel students' who are well-respected and have endurance, faith and piety.Through this module, the development of students' personality is focused on the aspect of spiritual development (rūhiyyah) as well as their intellectual ('aqliyyah) in an integrated way through the implementation of the following programs; i. Congregational prayer ii.Qiamullail iii.Reciting Quran iv.Reciting Ma'thūrāt v. Voluntary fasting vi.Usrah vii.Ta'līm In the context of Islamic education, the above-mentioned programs are learning mechanisms for ruḥiyyah and 'aqliyyah that can realize the aim for building students' personality.Thus, the goal could be achieved if the program that were highlighted are in line with the needs of students' physical and spiritual (Stapa, 1995).In Islamic devotion, every appreciation will refer to the heart and if that worship is performed perfectly, then it will transform into heart and soul that will create calmness.As a results, people will behave in good manners to Allah SWT as well as to human beings (Masyuri, 2012).

Problem Statements
The early findings of observation studies (2015) show that there are lack of appreciation in worship rituals if measured through elements of spiritual development (tarbiyyah rūhiyyah) such as mujāhadah al-nafs and al-ihsān among the hostel students' in Penang SMKA.The fact shows that most of the hostel students' were not consistent (istiqāmah) in the fulfillment of some obligatory devotion, especially in performing fajr prayer in congregation on weekends.They failed to resist the inner temptation to enjoy long sleep on the break.Similarly, the practice of voluntary worship such as qiamullail, reciting Quran and Ma'thurāt as well as sunnah fasting.All those kind of devotion still need to be improved as a spiritual educational mechanism to oneself (Hawwa, 2005).In particular, the basis of these issues is related on the following factors; Firstly, the absence of trainer who can actually carry out tasks as murabbī and mursyid in the context of guiding and mobilizing students' spiritual development and educational programs within the framework of the non-formal Islamic education program at the religious schools' hostel.According to Al-Mu'ayatah (2002), among the principal roles of murabbī is to perform the tasks of altazkiyah, namely cleansing and nurturing the human soul in accordance with the God aim as well as preserving them from the elements of evil and immoral.In this regard, the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Education ( 2007) have clearly stated, that is: "Every warden is responsible for monitoring and taking notes on daily and periodic activities such as the prayer time and religious classes that are organized in the hostel." Secondly, the 'aqliyyah teaching program that was implemented through mechanism of usrah and ta'lim seems to be unbalanced in the context of producing good personality, who practicing their faith prudently as well as getting an outstanding result in the examination.The progress of student performance seem to be inconsistent (istiqamah) with the training and guidance that are provided in the hostel of the religious secondary schools.The focus of performance should be in line with the statement of the Ministry of Education of Malaysia (1997); "To achieve the perfect level of worship, the work performed must be based on the beliefs of knowledge and not by imitating".
Therefore, every hostel student in the context of tarbiyyah program should be given a good understanding towards the wisdom of knowledge to enhance quality of worship and character building.The improvement of worship as well as academic excellence is part of educational goals that every student needs to achieve (Mamat & Wan Abdullah, 2010).At the same time, it is in line with the objective of students' personality development of SMKA's educational goals, that is: "Produce individuals who are knowledgeable, strong believers, highly skilled, eminently superior, competent and possessing leadership qualities that fit the Islamic personality to fulfill the demand of this world and hereafter".Therefore, based on the above problems statement, this research is at aim to analyze and improve the application of tarbiyyah program that based on the Hostel Student Development Module (MPMA).As the more civilize of humanity is the more complex of problems and necessities of human life (Masyuri, 2012), this research is indespensible to see the appreciation of hostels' student of religious secondary school in the tarbiyyah program.

Research Objective
Specifically, the research objectives of the study is as follows: 1.
To examine methods of implementation of tarbiyyah programs based on the elements of rūhiyyah and 'aqliyyah learning at the hostel of Penang SMKA. 2.
To evaluate an effectiveness of the implementation of tarbiyyah program based on the Hostel Student Development Module (MPMA) of the Ministry of Education Malaysia (KPM).3.
To suggest some aspects of improvement together with self-development module for the SMKA hostel students'.

Research Methodology
This study is an exploratory research that has been developed through qualitative research.The data collection has been carried out through the method of observation and interview.To be clearer, the process of collecting data is explained as follows; 1.

Observation Method
Observation is is a type of correlational research in which a researcher observes ongoing behavior.
The method involves a direct observation of phenomena in their natural setting by carefully watching on someone or something.During collecting the data, researcher used direct recording mechanism in explaining behaviours (Lebar, 2009) from four sample of Penang SMKA.In this study, the researcher become participant by joining in and becomes part of the group of the study to get a deeper insight into their lives as well as by adapting oneself to the research environment.Before that, a structured surveillance was carried out by identifying items that need to be observed before an actual observation is taken place.A list of identified variables has been determined before the observation data been recorded, which has been accumulated from research problems.During the process of observation, the data has been recorded in descriptive form about activities of respondents as well as their behavior.The explanation notes will facilitated researcher to describe phenomenon and situation.In sum, some of the key points that researcher has taken note in the observation are as follows: i. Time period, that is duration of the observation taken place.
ii. Constant records, where researcher records everything during the observation.
iii.Time sampling, observations are recorded at certain times on certain activities.

Interview
Interviews can be defined as a qualitative research technique which involves intensive individual conversations between researcher and respondents to explore their perspectives on a particular idea, program or situation.There are three fundamental types of research interviews: structured, semistructured and unstructured.But in this study, semi-structured interviews were carried out by having some principal question pertaining to the subject matter of the research.Specifically, the findings from interview is used to support arguments which can assist in elaborating research phenomenon with extra idea and sound wise (Marican, 2009).To fulfill the objective, form of interview is set up in conformity with the study objective as well as the study has arranged an appropriate interview questions that is in line with the research questions.In this case, the study has selected 15 respondents based on purposive sampling where face-to-face interview has been done with each respondent on convenient dates and times.Every answer by respondents have been recorded in written and audio mode, which is gradually transcribed by researcher.In order to ensure the smooth flow of interview process, the interview question is underlined based on structured interviews, with little extension during the question.

Research Findings and Analysis
Finding analysis of the study has been processed from the above data collected.In the analysis, the synthesis of the data also involves a process of elaborating research problems based on research questions with the purpose of explaining the stated objectives (Awang, 2009).Accordingly, the findings of this study can be explained as follows; 1) The practice of performing fajr prayer in congregation The findings of observation studies show that the practice of performing fajr prayer in congregation is fully implemented among boarding students in Penang SMKA.In fact, hostel students' are compulsory to realize the chore.This finding is based on student movement to the surau (prayer hall) during fajr and performing the prayer and the before sunnah as well.These findings show that the aspect of rūhiyyah elements by fighting against sleeping time and realizing of self strength (mujāhadah al-nafs) and do good (al-iḥsān) by complying with the rules can be perceived on a small proportion of respondents who present for routine fajr prayer.The inference can be scrutinized based on the following observation data (2016);

SCHOOL D : SS (5)
Fajr time is 5.49 am.Students begin to move at 5.55 am.There are about 1 to 6 students in the surau.They call for prayers (azan) at about 5.58am.There are 8 male students and 2 female students who performing sunnah before prayer.The number of male students are more than female before the prayer begin.It was found that there was no warden on duty during fajr prayer congregation.
The above observation findings are parallel with the respondents response from interviewing data ( 2016) as follows; Respondent 3. The practice of reciting Quran (Tadarus).Observation findings show that the practice of reciting Quran is implemented among respondents on three main intervals, that is after the Asr, Maghrib and Isya' prayers.However, the elements of rūhiyyah learning in understanding the meaning of Qur'anic verses seem has not been practiced among respondents, as they are merely reading the verses to complete the task.This finding is based on the following observation data (2016);

SCHOOL A : TQ (1):
"All students stay in the surau after performing the Isya's prayer.At 10.35 pm, all students began to recite Quran and many are cooperating.Form 5 student has led the reading (tadarus).The surah that is read is al-Mulk.In a meantime, several students performing Isya prayers while most of them reciting the Quran.Neither warden nor student who gave an instruction.All students return to their dorm at 10.45 pm".

SCHOOL C : TQ (1):
"There is a warden who monitor the tadarus program.It is conducted after the Maghrib prayer.Students recite and memorize 3 sentences or more individually.Students recite surah al-Naba'.The students disperse and move towards study room".
The observation findings as mentioned above are in line with the respondents' responses through interviews data ( 2016) as follows: Respondent 9 (ML9) : "So far, SMKA hostel students' are still lack of knowledge because there is no guidance ... there is no instructor to guide them in understanding one verse to another." 4. The practice of reciting Ma'thūrāt.Ma'thūrāt is a set of dhikr and prayer that is taken from the Prophet (pbuh).The findings of observation studies show that Ma'thūrāt's dhikr is practiced by the entire hostel students' at three different times, after fajr prayers, 'asr and before maghrib prayers.This finding is based on the following observation data (2016);

SCHOOL A : BM (1):
Ma'thūrāt's recitation is conducted by a senior of form 5 student who is the imam of fajr prayers.Ma'thūrāt is reciting in congregation.Some students recite Ma'thūrāt based on the text while others did not.Ma'thūrāt ends with a prayer recitation at 6.30am.

SCHOOL B : BM (4):
(Around 6.15 pm) .. bell is rang and students get down.Students are free to wear any clothes.Ma'thūrāt recitation is led by a form 5 student.Students sit randomly in the hall.Each students has a Ma'thūrāt handy book.Students only recite the short Ma'thūrāt (brief).There are students who came late.Ma'thūrāt recitation ends at 6.35 pm, closing ritual and students enjoy their dinner.

The practice of voluntary fasting.
The voluntary fasting is a fast that is performed on monday and khamis, not in the month of Ramadan.
The observation studies show that the practice of voluntary fasting is conducted routinely in a small number of boarding students in Penang SMKA.In this case, the objective on coaching hostel students' in the context of self-control and resilience to any negative influences as a rūhiyyah development element seems to be achieved on some group of respondents only who always performing voluntary fasting.This finding is based on the following observation data (2016);

SCHOOL A : PS (1):
The number of students who performs voluntary fasting is about 1 to 21 people.The majority of them are form 6 and 5.There are also students of form 1, 2, 3 and 4 who join the program.

SCHOOL D : PS (1):
There are 10 of form 5 students who perform voluntary fasting.While students of form 1, 2 and 3 who follow the program were around 19 people.The total estimation who perform voluntary fasting is 42 students.
The observation findings that are mentioned above is supported by the following data interviews (2016);

SCHOOL C : PI (2):
The program begins at 7.50 pm.It is run by a religious teacher (from the same school).
Students are referring to a specific book.The subject is "the Forty Hadith".The teacher give an instruction to silent.Students get along with the instructions.Students look focus.However, there are some students who do not pay attention since they are sitting a bit far from the teacher.

Discussions and Conclusion
The findings of the study show that the implementation of tarbiyah programs among hostel students' at Penang SMKA is parallel to the goal of the Hostel Development Module (MPMA), which is to enhance the personality of students.In the implementation of fajr prayer, the overall findings showed that the underlined module has been achieved succesfully, when it is found that some respondents seem to be consistent in performing fajr prayer in congregation at the hostel.The findings have illustrated that the application of rūhiyyah learning elements such as mujāhadah al-nafs and iḥsān have been realized among hostel students' and this will help them in building their good character in the future.
In the aspect of qiamullail program, the overall findings show that the objective in disciplining students by training them to perform night prayer is effectively achieved though on a small number of students.These findings are in line with previous studies that portray a consistent practiced of religious rituals will prevent them from risky (Abu Bakar, 2011).Furthermore, in the context of reciting Quran and Ma'thūrāt, the overall findings show that both activities are consistently practiced by most of the hostel students' and this finding is also in line with the previous study (Ismail, 2012) which can improve their disciplinary issues.While on the practice of voluntary fasting, the finding of the study shows that the objective to produce students who can avoid immorality and perceived patience in the context of rūḥiyyah learning is also achieved on a small number of the respondents.The programs managed to shape their inner nature to be more obedient and respectful to the teachings of Islam.
In the context of 'aqliyyah teaching, the overall study found that the implementation of usrah and ta'līm programs are productively realized towards knowledgeable hostel students' by having a continuous learning and thinking circle-group during their leisure time.In this case, the findings are also in line with the previous study's recommendation that the learning circle-group should be held daily, especially after maghrib or fajr prayers, to give a deep and continous guidance in Islamic personality.The discussion which carry various of activities is fruitfull to complement any deficient understanding in their formal-learning program (Esa, 2004).
As a conclusion, the implementation of tarbiyah program as a non-formal Islamic education program among hostel students' in Penang SMKA is in line with the objective of building students's personality as required by the Ministry of Education Malaysia (KPM) in the Hostel Student Development Module (MPMA).However, this study suggests that some aspects of improvement need to be enhanced, especially in terms of organizational and methodology so that the impact will reflect to all students.Thus, the study concludes that the implementation of those program that based on the Hostel Development Module (MPMA) are very suitable to be applied in other SMKAs as well as in any educational institution in this country.It is appropriate to be a module for developing and strengthening students' self-esteem as well as building their personality beyond the framework of formal education.

Correspondence Author
Jasni Sulong School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Email: jasni@usm.com Respondent 14 (GP 14): "On what I have seen, it does not work on a large number of students but only on several of them who is able to perform voluntary fasting on Monday and Thursday continuously."6) The usrah and ta'līm program.Usrah is a group of Muslim individuals who sitting together by discussing and helping out one another towards a better understanding of Islam.Meanwhile ta'lim is an Arabic term that referring to teaching or coaching, which is arranged in explaining the beauty of Islam.The findings from the observation study show that the usrah and ta'līm have been implemented among all boarding students in Penang SMKA as a medium of their mental (aqliyyah) learning program.In this regard, the implementation of the programs are basically fulfilled one of the objectives in nurturing awareness of self-realization to achieve excellence in this world and hereafter.This finding is based on the following observation data (2016); Usrah is spontaneously organised.The subject that was discussed is "The Islamic environment, reality or fantasy in Irshad".The subject is determined by the head of Da'wah Bureau.Each group looks energetic.There was a question and answer between naqīb and members of the usrah group.The number of usrah members consist of 7 and above.