ISSN: 2225-8329
Open access
Cash transfers like household living aid given to the poor are initially for the recipients to fulfil their necessities. However, previous studies found that cash assistance can lift the household’s income by influencing self-employment and entrepreneurial activities. Thus, this study addresses the participation of the poor in entrepreneurship and unravels their perception of the entrepreneurship model using household living aid. Specifically, this qualitative study examines household living aid usage for entrepreneurship. Seven household living aid recipients and ten microentrepreneurs were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. From the analysis, most recipients believe that household living aid can be utilised for entrepreneurship. Six themes that confirm and disconfirm the propositions were identified. Even though the findings are varied, the potential use of household living aid for entrepreneurship is optimistic. The results can guide policymakers, financial institutions, and entrepreneurial training agencies in catering to the needs of the niche group. Ultimately, the bottom 40 group could benefit from this policy and assistance, while the government could enjoy the return on investment (ROI) in employment and reduce poverty among citizens. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.
Ahmed, F., Begum, R. A., Siwar, C., Mia, M. S., & Wiboonpongse, A. (2019). Impact of microcredit on income inequality among rural women: The case of Panchagarh district in Bangladesh. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 27(4), 2367–2382.
Aiding B40 women to become entrepreneurs. (2021). The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2021/07/26/aiding-b40-women-to-become-entrepreneurs
Aiguwurhuo, I. (2018). Using Monetary Incentives to Support Female Entrepreneurship?: An Experimental Test of Monetary Incentives in Abuja , Nigeria. The University of San Francisco.
Alam, M. M., Hassan, S., & Said, J. (2015). Performance of Islamic microcredit in perspective of Maqasid Al-Shariah: A case study on Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. Humanomics, 31(4), 374–384. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-12-2014-0072
Amin, H. (2022). Examining new measure of asnaf muslimpreneur success model: a Maqasid perspective. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 13(4), 596–622. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-04-2021-0116
Afif, A. M., Norlida, J., Emrie, H. R., & Hasman, A. M. (2013). An appraisal on the business success of entrepreneurial asnaf. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 11(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfra-03-2013-0012
Bandiera, O., Burgess, R., Das, N., Gulesci, S., Rasul, I., & Sulaiman, M. (2013). Can Basic Entrepreneurship Transform the Economic Lives of the Poor? In Research and Evaluation Division BRAC (Issue 23). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2266813
Banerjee, S. B., & Jackson, L. (2017). Microfinance and the business of poverty reduction: Critical perspectives from rural Bangladesh. Human Relations, 70(1), 63–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726716640865
Bank, T. W. (2020). Poverty and Distributional Impacts of COVID-19?: Potential Channels of Impact and Mitigating Policies. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/poverty-and-distributional-impacts-of-covid-19-potential-channels-of-impact-and-mitigating-policies
Bantuan Prihatin Rakyat. (2021). Ministry of Finance Malaysia.
Bateman, M. (2010). Why Doesn’t Microfinance Work?: The Destructive Rise of Local Neoliberalism. Zed Books Ltd.
Blattman, C., Dercon, S., & Franklin, S. (2022). Impacts of Industrial and Entrepreneurial Jobs on Youth: 5-Year Experimental Evidence on Factory Job Offers and Cash Grants in Ethiopia. Journal of Development Economics, In press. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3380592
Blattman, C., Fiala, N., & Martinez, S. (2013). Generating Skilled Self-Employment In Developing Countries?: Experimental Evidence From Uganda. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129(2), 697–752. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt057.Advance
Bomaproject.org. (2020). BOMA Project 2020 Q4 Impact Report (Issue December). https://bomaproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/BOMAImpactReportForQ42020.pdf
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brown, J. (2020). Business Funding Strategies for Women-Owned Small Businesses. In Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection.
https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations
Brum, M., & De Rosa, M. (2021). Too little but not too late: nowcasting poverty and cash transfers’ incidence during COVID-19’s crisis. World Development, 140, 105227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105227
Bruton, G. D., Ketchen, D. J., & Ireland, R. D. (2013). Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 683–689.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.05.002
Coady, D., Grosh, M., & Hoddinott, J. (2004). Targeting of Transfers in Developing Countries: Review of Lessons. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank.
Council, M. I. R. (2022). Fakir & Miskin Islamic Religion Council?: https://www.maim.gov.my/index.php/en/organisasi/sektor-baitulmal/2019-03-27-07-45-34/contact/asnaf-zakat-program/fakir-miskin
Creswell, J. W. (2015). A Concise Introduction To Mixed Methods Research (1st ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Daud, S. N. M., Marzuki, A., Ahmad, N., & Kefeli, Z. (2019). Financial Vulnerability and Its Determinants: Survey Evidence from Malaysian Households. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 55(9), 1991–2003. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1511421
de Bruijn, E. J., & Antonides, G. (2021). Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory. Theory and Decision, 92(1), 5–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11238-021-09802-7
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. In Sage (Issue 5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-017-1319-x
Department of Information Services Malaysia. (2020). Bantuan Sara Hidup ( BSH ). https://www.penerangan.gov.my/japenv2/index.php/2020/01/02/bantuan-sara-hidup-bsh-b40/
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2021). Department Of Statistics Malaysia Press Release Household Income Estimates And Incidence Of Poverty Report 2020 (Issue August 2021).
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2020). Laporan Survei Pendapatan Isi Rumah dan Kemudahan Asas 2019. 3–57. https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=120&bul_id=TU00TmRhQ1N5TUxHVWN0T2VjbXJYZz09&menu_id=amVoWU54UTl0a21NWmdhMjFMMWcyZz09
Din, N. M., Rosdi, M. S. M., Ismail, M., Muhammad, M. Z., & Mukhtar, D. (2019). Contributions of Asnaf Entrepreneurs in Zakat of Business: A Revisiting Based on Turning over Model. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9), 744–752. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i9/6366
Dzingirai, M. (2021). The role of entrepreneurship in reducing poverty in agricultural communities. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 15(5), 665–683. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-01-2021-0016
Ferdousi, F. (2015). Impact of microfinance on sustainable entrepreneurship development. Development Studies Research, 2(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2015.1058718
Gobin, V. J., Santos, P., & Toth, R. (2017). No Longer Trapped? Promoting Entrepreneurship Through Cash Transfers to Ultra-Poor Women in Northern Kenya. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 99(5), 1362–1383. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aax037
Handa, S., Natali, L., Seidenfeld, D., Tembo, G., & Davis, B. (2018). Can unconditional cash transfers raise long-term living standards? Evidence from Zambia. Journal of Development Economics, 133(January), 42–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.01.008
Hanri, M. (2018). Essays on The Labour Market and Migration in Indonesia (Issue August).
Harun, N., Mohd Aziz, N. E., Ahmad, N. H., Ahmad Royali, S. B., Tamrin, M. B., & lyas, I. Y. B. (2021). Comparative Study: Factors that Influence Entrepreneur Intention Between B40 and M40. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(9), 310–320. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i9/10725
Haushofer, J., & Shapiro, J. (2013). Household Response to Income Changes: Evidence from an Unconditional Cash Transfer Program in Kenya. Working Paper, 1–57. https://www.princeton.edu/~joha/publications/Haushofer_Shapiro_UCT_2013.pdf
Haushofer, J., & Shapiro, J. (2016). The Short-Term Impact of Unconditional Cash Transfers to The Poor: Experimental Evidence from Kenya. The Quarterly Journal of Economics Advance.
Hayelom Abrha Meressa. (2020). Growth of micro and small scale enterprises and its driving factors?: empirical evidence from entrepreneurs in emerging region of Ethiopia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-00121-9).
Hutahayan, B. (2019). Factors affecting the performance of Indonesian special food SMEs in entrepreneurial orientation in East Java. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(2), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-09-2018-0053
Iman, A. H. M., & Mohammad, M. T. S. H. (2017). Waqf as a framework for entrepreneurship. Humanomics, 33(4), 419–440. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-01-2017-0015
Iqbal, H. (2008). Implementasi kebijakan program bantuan langsung tunai tahun 2008 di kabupaten Kudus.
Isa, Z. M. (2020). An empirical evidence of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) microcredit programme participants’ quality of life. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28(4), 3335–3354. https://doi.org/10.47836/PJSSH.28.4.46
Ismail, M. M., & Daud, N. M. (2020). Exploring the Needs of the B40 Community in Agricultural Activities for Social Entrepreneur Activists. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(2), 482–493. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i2/8863
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2020). Pendapatan dan perbelanjaan isi rumah m40 dan b40 mengikut negeri. 40–43.
Jalil, M. A. (2022). 39,315 usahawan B40, pelajar daftar perniagaan melalui SPPP [METROTV]. Harian Metro. https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2022/10/888256/39315-usahawan-b40-pelajar-daftar-perniagaan-melalui-sppp-metrotv
Kementerian Pembangunan Usahawan. (2018). National Entrepreneurship Framework: Strategic Thrusts & Objectives.
Keuangan, K. (2022). Penyaluran Blt Dana Desa Tahun. http://djpb.kemenkeu.go.id/kppn/sumedang/id/profil/mottomaklumatjanji.html
Kumar, K. (2016). PM?: B40 should join the ride-sharing service. Malay Mail.
LHDN. (2022). Soalan Lazim. https://bkm.hasil.gov.my/Download/Faq/FAQ_BantuanKeluargaMalaysia_(BKM).pdf
Lichand, G. (2010). Decomposing the effects of CCTs on entrepreneurship. Policy Research Working Paper 5457, October. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5457
Mashahadi, F., Syed Omar, S. A., & Mahmod, R. (2021). Entrepreneurial Intention from the Context of B40 Strata. Advances in Business Research International Journal, 7(2), 74. https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14993
Morris, M. H. (2021). Chapter 60: Poverty and entrepreneurship in developed economies. In L. P. Dana (Ed.), World Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship (p. 704). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Nair, M., & Njolomole, M. (2020). Microfinance, entrepreneurship and institutional quality. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 9(1), 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-07-2019-0061
Nene, G., & Abegaz, M. (2021). The effect of small business entrepreneurship on poverty: Evidence from US rural counties. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 42(3), 335–347. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2021.113204
Asmat, N. I. (2021). The Rising Cost of Living Among B40 Households in Penang State: Does Lifestyle Matter? Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 27(2011), 25–43.
Othman, S. H. Bin, Ismon, A. B. M., & Fahurruzi, M. F. (2020). The Study on The Development of Asnaf fisabilillah by The Islamic Religious Council of Malacca. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i2/6929
Rahman, R. A., & Ahmad, S. (2011). Entrepreneurship development strategy for poor and needy recipients on capital assistance through zakat distribution. Jurnal Pengurusan, 33, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2011-33-03
Rajan, S., & Panicker, S. (2020). The concept of entrepreneurial ability-evidence from women in MSMEs of Karnataka state. In International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business (Vol. 41, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2020.109429
Ribas, R. P. (2020). Liquidity constraints, spillovers, and entrepreneurship: evidence from a cash transfer program. Small Business Economics, 55(4), 1131–1158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00178-1
Saripah, O. (2018). Impak insentif ekonomi terhadap golongan berpendapatan rendah Program Perumahan Rakyat, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 14(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2018-1401-05
Skim Pendaftaran Perniagaan Prihatin (SPPP) Diperluas Kepada Semua Usahawan Dalam Kumpulan B40. (2021). https://www.ssm.com.my/Lists/Announcement/AnnouncementDetails.aspx?ID=225
Soomro, B. A., Memon, M., & Shah, N. (2021). Attitudes towards entrepreneurship among the students of Thailand: an entrepreneurial attitude orientation approach. Education and Training, 63(2), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2020-0014
Sutter, C., Bruton, G. D., & Chen, J. (2018). Entrepreneurship as a solution to extreme poverty: A review and future research directions. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(1), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.003
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. L. (2016). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods A guidebook and Resource (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The World Bank. (2012). BLT Temporary Unconditional Cash Transfer Social Assistance Program and Public Expenditure.
Tisdell, C., & Ahmad, S. (2018). Microfinance: economics and ethics. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 34(3), 372–392. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-02-2018-0028
Tobias, J. M., Mair, J., & Barbosa-Leiker, C. (2013). Toward a theory of transformative entrepreneurs: Poverty reduction and conflict resolution in Rwanda’s entrepreneurial coffee sector. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 728–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.03.003
United Nations ECLAC Social Development Division. (2021). Non-contributory social protection programmes database Latin America and the Carribean. http://dds.cepal.org/bdptc/en/%5Cnhttp://www.cepal.org/en/publications/conditional-cash-transfer-programmes-recent-experience-latin-america-and-caribbean
Valencia-Arias, A., Arango-Botero, D., & Sánchez-Torres, J. A. (2022). Promoting entrepreneurship based on university students’ perceptions of entrepreneurial attitude, university environment, entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurial training. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 12(2), 328–345. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-07-2020-0169
Wilson, N., & Martin, L. (2015). Entrepreneurial opportunities for all?: Entrepreneurial capability and the capabilities approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 16(3), 159–169. https://doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2015.0189
Yusuf, A. A. (2018). The direct and indirect effect of cash transfers: the case of Indonesia. International Journal of Social Economics, 45(5), 792–806. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-03-2017-0072
In-Text Citation: (Zolkifly et al., 2023)
To Cite this Article: Zolkifly, N. H., Habidin, N. F., & Baharom, S. N. (2023). Using Household Living Aid for Entrepreneurship: What Does the B40 Think? International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 13(2), 869–886.
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode