Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Malaysian Rural Primary School Students’ Perceptions of Experiences towards Second Language Learning

Farouk Rupiwin, Parilah Mohd Shah

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i9/10675

Open access

Research on language learning in rural areas and in a multilingual context is an underrated study. It is apparent that most research on language learning is primarily focusing more in urban areas. Malaysia is an exemplary setting for multilingualism, with a large number of primary schools located in rural areas. As a result, a study was conducted using a survey research design to investigate second language learning in a rural school from a multilingual perspective. This study investigated the aspect of language attitude and language academic skills in terms of English language learning based on the perceptions of students from a rural primary school in Beluran, Sabah. Krashen's Natural Approach provided insights into various aspects of the research, specifically through the lens of the affective filter hypothesis and the input hypothesis. A total of 27 primary students from Year 5 and 6 were chosen as research participants. Data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from Sparks, Ganschow, and Javorsky's (1993) Foreign Language Attitude and Perceptions Survey (FLAPS). The questionnaire items focused on language attitude and language academic skills in a Likert Scale design. The data collected was then analysed using frequency analysis through Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software platform. The findings depicted that a majority of the respondents demonstrated positive language learning readiness and attitudes. However, it did not change the fact that due to their low level of proficiency in the target language, a majority of them experienced anxiety and lack of confidence in learning the English language. As a result, classroom pedagogy should be adjusted to meet the needs and proficiency levels of the students. Furthermore, the government should prioritise infrastructure development and resources for rural schools.

Ali, S. S., Amin, T., & Khalid, S. (2021). Analysis of the Afghan Refugee Students’ Attitudes towards English language and English Language Learning: A Case Study of KPK, Pakistan. Ilkogretim Online, 20(5).
Aruna, P. (2014). No emphasis and poor teachers the causes, say employers. The Star, 11. http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/12/11/Fresh-graduates-struggling-No-emphasis-and-poor-teachers-the-causes-say-employers/ [11 June 2021]
August, D. E., & Shanahan, T. E. (2006). Developing literacy in second-language learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Azman, H. (2016). Implementation and challenges of English language education reform in Malaysian primary schools. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature®, 22(3).
Bartram, B. (2010). Attitudes to Language, insights from comparative education. London: Continuum.
Bell, S. (2013). Learning with information systems: Learning cycles in information systems development. Routledge.
Bialystok, E. (1978). A theoretical model of second language learning 1. Language learning, 28(1), 69-83.
Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (Vol. 4). New York: Longman.
Charil, M. (1997). Kajian sekolah berkesan di Malaysia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia: Bangi.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Massachusetts: Pearson.
Delpit, L. (1995). Other people's children: Cultural conflict in the classroom. Harvard educational review, 65, 510-510.
Don, Z. M., Abdullah, M. H., Abdullah, A. C., Lee, B. H., Kaur, K., Pillai, J., & Hooi, M. Y. (2015). English language education reform in Malaysia: The Roadmap 2015-2025. Putrajaya: Ministry of Education.
Du, X. (2009). The affective filter in second language teaching. Asian Social Science, 5(8), 162-165.
EF EPI. (2020) - EF English Proficiency Index. 2020. https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/ [12 June 2021].
Ehrman, M. E. (1996). Understanding second language learning difficulties. Sage.
Ellis, R., & Shintani, N. (2014). Exploring Language Pedagogy through Second Language Acquisition Research. Oxon: Routledge.
Engkasan, S. B., & Yamat, H. (2021). English Language Learning Experience Among Iban Secondary ESL learners in A Rural Area. Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3(3), 59-65.
Gajalakshmi. (2013). High School Students’ Attitude towards learning English language. International journal of scientific and Research publications, 3(9):pp1-7
Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. Arnold.
Gass, S. M., & Mackey, A. (2007). Input, interaction, and output in second language acquisition. Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction, 175(199), 40.
Gelman, S. A., Croft, W., Fu, P., Clausner, T., & Gottfried, G. (1998). Why is a pomegranate an apple? The role of shape, taxonomic relatedness, and prior lexical knowledge in children's overextensions of apple and dog. Journal of Child language, 25(2), 267-291.
Ghazali, S. N. (2016). Learner background and their attitudes towards studying literature. Malaysian Journal of ELT research, 4(1), 17.
Gill, R. S. (2014). Enhancing English teacher language proficiency: the Malaysian experience. http://www.britishcouncil.or.th/sites/britishcouncil.th/files/dr.ranjit.pdf [13 June 2021].
Gobel, P., Thang, S. M., Sidhu, G. K., Oon, S. I., & Chan, Y. F. (2013). Attributions to success and failure in English language learning: A comparative study of urban and rural undergraduates in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 9(2), 53.
Gregg, K. R. (1984). Krashen's monitor and Occam's razor. Applied linguistics, 5(2), 79-100.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Martin, J. R. (1993). Writing science: Literacy and discursive power. London: Falmer (Critical Perspectives on Literacy and Education). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Hanushek, E. A. (1997). Assessing the effects of school resources on student performance: An update. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 19(2), 141-164.
Herzog, M. J. R., & Pittman, R. B. (1995). Home, family, and community: Ingredients in the rural education equation.
Jackson, C. (2017). Fear of failure. In Understanding Learning and Motivation in Youth (pp. 30-39). Routledge.
Jafar, O. F. (2015). Format baharu UPSR bantu kuasai bahasa Inggeris. BHOnline. https://origin.bharian.com.my/kolumnis/2015/09/85367/format-baharu-upsr [11 June 2021]
Jalleh, J. (2013). Majority of teachers not proficient in English. The Star Online. http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2012/09/26/Majority-of-teachers-not-proficient-in-English/ [11 June 2021]
Johnson, J., & Strange, M. (2005). Why rural matters 2005: The facts about rural education in the 50 states. Rural School and Community Trust.
Kim, W. G., & García, S. B. (2014). Long-term English language learners’ perceptions of their language and academic learning experiences. Remedial and Special Education, 35(5), 300-312.
Kormos, J. (2016). The second language learning processes of students with specific learning difficulties. Taylor & Francis.
Krashen, S. (1992). The input hypothesis: An update. Linguistics and language pedagogy: The state of the art, 409-431.
Krashen, S. D. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language learning. University of Southern California.
Krashen, S. D. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications. Addison-Wesley Longman Limited.
Krashen, S. D., & Krashen, S. D. (1983). Natural approach. New York: Pergamon.
Levira, M. A. (2000). Instructional resources as a factor in educational performance: A case study in Tanzania (Doctoral dissertation, Concordia University).
Levy, P. S., & Lemeshow, S. (2013). Sampling of populations: methods and applications. John Wiley & Sons.
Loo, S. P. (2007). Schooling in Malaysia. Going to school in East Asia, 201-232.
Macaro, E. (2018). English medium instruction. Oxford University Press.
Macaro, E., Curle, S., Pun, J., An, J., & Dearden, J. (2018). A systematic review of English medium instruction in higher education. Language Teaching, 51(1), 36-76.
Mat, S. S. C., & Yunus, M. M. (2014). Attitudes and motivation towards learning English among FELDA school students. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(5), 1-8.
McIntyre, L. J. (1998). Practical Skeptic. Mayfield Publishing Company.
Meyer, H. (2008). The pedagogical implications of L1 use in the L2 classroom. Maebashi Kyoai Gakuen College Ronsyu, 8(147-159).
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (1988). National education philosophy. Kuala Lumpur: Curriculum Development Centre.
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2013). Laporan Awal. Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia, 2025.
Modupeola, O. R. (2013). Code-Switching as a teaching strategy: Implication for English Language teaching and learning in a multilingual society. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 14(3), 92-94.
Othman, M., & Muijs, D. (2013). Educational quality differences in a middle-income country: the urban-rural gap in Malaysian primary schools. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 24(1), 1-18.
Pilgreen, J. (2006). Supporting English learners: Developing academic language in the content area classroom. Supporting the literacy development of English learners, 41-60.
Rashid, R. A. (2016). Topic continuation strategies employed by teachers in managing supportive conversations on Facebook Timeline. Discourse Studies, 18(2), 188-203.
Rashid, R. A., Vethamani, M. E., & Rahman, S. B. A. (2010). Approaches Employed by Teachers in Teaching Literature to Less Proficient Students in Form 1 and Form 2. English Language Teaching, 3(4), 87-99.
Riadil, I. G. (2020). A Study of Students’ Perception: Identifying EFL Learners’ Problems in Speaking Skill. International Journal of Education, Language, and Religion, 2(1), 31-38.
Rutherford, W. E., & Smith, M. S. (1985). Consciousness-raising and universal grammar. Applied linguistics, 6(3), 274-282.
Salant, P., Dillman, I., & Don, A. (1994). How to conduct your own survey (No. 300.723 S3.).
Salleh, F. I. M., Ghazali, J. M., Ismail, W. N. H. W., Alias, M., & Rahim, N. S. A. (2020). The impacts of COVID-19 through online learning usage for tertiary education in Malaysia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(8), 147 149.
Sammons, P. (1999). School effectiveness: Coming of age in the 21st century. Management in Education, 13(5), 10-13.
Schleppegrell, M. J., & Colombi, M. C. (Eds.). (2005). Developing advanced literacy in first and second languages: Meaning with power. Routledge.
Schmidt, R. W. (1990). The role of consciousness in second language learning1. Applied linguistics, 11(2), 129-158.
Seliger, H. W. (1983). The language learner as linguist: Of metaphors and realities. Applied linguistics, 4(3), 179-191.
Sparks, R. L., Ganschow, L., & Javorsky, J. (1993). Perceptions of low and high risk students and students with learning disabilities about high school foreign language courses. Foreign Language Annals, 26(4), 491-510.
Spolsky, B. (1989). Communicative competence, language proficiency, and beyond. Applied Linguistics, 10(2), 138-156.
Stephens, D. (1991). The quality of primary education in developing countries: who defines and who decides?. Comparative education, 27(2), 223-233.
Stoimcheva-Kolarska, D. L. (2020). The Impact of a Relaxed and Fun Learning Environment on the Second Language Learning. Online Submission, 2(1), 9-17.
Vegas, E. (2007). Teacher labor markets in developing countries. The future of children, 219-232.
Wächter, B., & Maiworm, F. (Eds.). (2014). English-taught programmes in European higher education: The state of play in 2014. Lemmens Medien GmbH.
Webster, B. J., & Fisher, D. L. (2000). Accounting for variation in science and mathematics achievement: A multilevel analysis of Australian data Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 11(3), 339-360.
White, L. (1987). Against comprehensible input: the input hypothesis and the development of second-language competence1. Applied linguistics, 8(2), 95-110.
Young, M. F. (1998). The curriculum of the future: from the" new sociology of education" to a critical theory of learning. Psychology Press.
Zhou, M., & Xiaomei, W. (2017). Introduction: Understanding language management and multilingualism in Malaysia. International journal of the sociology of language, 207(244), 1-16.
Zulkefly, F., & Razali, A. B. (2019). Malaysian Rural Secondary School Students' Attitudes towards Learning English as a Second Language. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1141-1156.

In-Text Citation: (Rupiwin & Shah, 2021)
To Cite this Article: Rupiwin, F., & Shah, P. M. (2021). Malaysian Rural Primary School Students’ Perceptions of Experiences towards Second Language Learning. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(9), 68–96.