ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
There is a close connection between the use of different types of knowledge and the connections with the four strands of language arts: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In the quest to gain knowledge, learners need to use their language skills. The knowledge can be categorised as conditional, declarative and procedural knowledge. In order to gain these three types of knowledge, language users need to use the four language skills and they are listening, speaking, reading and writing. In the context of this study the skills are developed by language users in the process of gaining conditional, declarative and procedural knowledge. This study is done to explore how conditional, declarative and procedural knowledge influence the use of language skills. 252 respondents responded to the survey. The instrument used in this study is a survey. The survey has 4 sections. Section A has items on demographic profile, section B has 22 items on conditional knowledge, section C has 10 items on declarative knowledge and section D has 10 items on procedural Knowledge. Data is analysed using SPSS and revealed that different people focus on different knowledge in their effort to learn English. Total mean show that language uses used declarative most often compared to conditional and procedural knowledge. Findings of the study bear interesting implications in the teaching of all four language skills.
Atta-Alla, M. N. (2012). Integrating language skills through storytelling. English Language
Teaching, Vol 5 (1), pp 1-13. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v5n12p1
Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its
control processes. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spence, The psychology of learning and motivation: II. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60422-3
Brown, H. D. (2000) Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (4th Edition). NY:
Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Fernandez, R., Peyton, J. K., & Schaetzel, K. (2017). A Survey of Writing Instruction in
Adult ESL Programs: Are Teaching Practices Meeting Adult Learner Needs? Journal of Research and Practice for Adult Literacy, Secondary, and Basic Education, 6(2), 5–20. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1150482
Gallagher, K. (2020). Learning Strategies for the ESL Classroom. TeachHub.com.Retrieved February 6, 2022, from https://www.teachhub.com/teaching-strategies/2020/03/learning-strategies-for-the-esl-classroom/
Hiep, P. H. (2007). Communicative language teaching: Unity within diversity. ELT journal,
61, 193-201. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccm026
Hussain, M. S., Salam, A., & Farid, A. (2020). Student Motivation in English Language Learning (ELL): An Exploratory Study of Motivational Factors for EFL and ESL Adult Learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 9(4), 15–28. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from www.ijalel.aiac.org.au.
Jdetawy, L. F. A. (2011). Problems Encountered by Arab EFL Learners. Language in India,
11 (3), pp 19-27. Retrieved from https://pdf4pro.com/view/problems-encountered-by-arab-efl-learners-33e988.html
Khasawneh, M. A. S. (2021). Language skills and their relationship to learning difficulties in
English language from the students’ point of view. Science and Education,Vol 2,
(9),pp 261-272.Retrieved from
https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/1846
Nguyen, H., & Terry, D. R. (2017). English Learning Strategies among EFL Learners: A Narrative
Approach . IAFOR Journal of Language Learning, 3(1), 4–19. Retrieved from https://iafor.org/journal/iafor-journal-of-language-learning/volume-3-issue-1/article-1/
Septianasari, L. A. F. H., & Baihaqi, Y. (2019). Mother Tongue Issues and Challenge in
Learning English as Foreign Language. International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching, 3(2), 204–214. Retrieved from https://e-
journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/IJIET/article/view/1941
Setiyadi, A. B. (2016) Language Learning Strategy Questionnaire (LLSQ) A Measurement to
identify Students’ Learning Strategies and Prepare the Success of Learning English in
the Indonesian Context (Empirical Evidence). Indonesia: Graha Ilmu. Retrieved from
http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/8847/2/isi%20buku.pdf
Thu, T. H. (2009). Learning Strategies Used by Successful Language Learners (thesis).
Retrieved February 8, 2022, from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED507398.pdf.
Wu, R., Wu, R., & Le, V. T. (2014). Challenges of Adults in Learning English as a
Second Language: Focus on Adult Education in China. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 5(5), 1132–1138. https://doi.org/doi:10.4304/jltr.5.5.1132-1138
In-Text Citation: (Rahmat et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Rahmat, N. H., Rahman, S. A. S. A., Yunos, D. R. M., Rahman, S. S. S. A., & Rahman, A. H. A. (2022). Exploring The Use of Knowledge in Language Learning. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(2), 16–31.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non0-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode