ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
It is known that children diagnosed with dyslexia have difficulties in language learning, especially where reading and writing is concerned. Dyslexics find it difficult to discriminate letters visually and auditorily. This study is done to examine the reading errors in Malay language among dyslexic students. The study sample comprises of 10 dyslexic students chosen from Ampang dyslexia centre of Malaysia Dyslexia Association. This study leans on the Levinson Theory (1993) that focuses on seven types of reading error mechanisms, namely removal, transfer, insertion, replacement, reversal, condensation, addition or wild guesses. The study data was compiled through observations and testing. Researcher used reading texts in Malay language according to the suitability of the learning level as the study tool in examining the reading errors of dyslexic students. The study outcome proves that dyslexic students have shown some difficulties in several reading aspects, which are removal, reversal, replacement, insertion and wild guesses. All these five types of reading errors have been found to support the Dyslexic Levison Theory (1993) and the outcome also shows several reading errors done by the dyslexic students are beyond the expectation and findings of the theory. Derived from this study, further researches can be focused on the interventions and learning techniques that are suitable to the level of learning of dyslexic students.
Busri, A. A., & Mohammad, W. (2021). Strategi Pengajaran Guru Bahasa Melayu Dalam Menangani Masalah Bacaan Dalam Kalangan Pelajar-Pelajar Disleksia Di Sekolah Rendah Pedalaman Sarawak. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 3(1), 618-627.
Adubasim, I., & Nganji, J. (2017). Dyslexia-A Learning Difference. Autism Open Access, 7:1. DOI: 10.4172/2165-7890.1000203.
Special Education Department. (2011). Manual Instrumen Senarai Semak Disleksia. Second Printing. Ministry of Education Malaysia.
Special Education Department. (2014). Special Education Data 2014. Ministry of Education Malaysia
Brady, S. A., & Shankweiler, D. P. (1991). Phonological processes in literacy. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson Publication.
Davis, R. D. (1994). The Gift of Dyslexia. London: Souvenir Press.
Ezleena, M. K. (2020). Phonological Errors in English among Dyslexic Learners in Selected Primary Schools in Penang: Phoneme, Syllable and Word Levels. Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 28 (S2): 157 – 175.
Ikediashi, A. E. (2012) Dyslexia: Causes, management and implications. Pearson Publication.
International Dyslexia Association. (2020). Dyslexiabasics. Pearson Publication.
Jamieson, C., & Simpson, S. (2006). Spelling: challenges and strategies for the dyslexic learner and the teacher. Dyslexia, speech and language: A practitioner's handbook. (2nd ed.). England: Whurr Publishers.
Kavenia, K., & Vijayaletchumy, S. (2021). Literasi Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Kanak-Kanak Disleksia. JendelaDBP, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Kuala Lumpur.
Kavenia, K., & Vijayaletchumy, S. (2018). Simptom-Simptom Disleksia Visual Dalam Kalangan Pelajar-pelajar Disleksia. Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur Research Journal. Volume 7 No.2, Pg 1-7. ISSN: 2289-4144.
Lee, L. W., & Wheldall, K. (2011). Acquisition of Malay word recognition skills: lessons from low-progress early readers. Dyslexia, 17(1), 19–37.
Wah, L. L. (2010). Severe dyslexia in Malaysia. PhD thesis. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Levinson, S. C. (1994). Smart but Feeling Dumb. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lyon, G. R., Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2003) Defining dyslexia, comorbidity, teachers'
knowledge of language and reading. Ann Dyslexia53: 1-14.
Syamira, N. M., & Harun, B. (2021). Masalah Pelajar-pelajar Disleksia Dan Gaya Pengajaran Guru Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. International Journal of Advanced Research In Islamic Studies And Education (Arise), 1(2), 26-44.
Amirin, S. (2020). Panduan Asas Disleksia dan Intervensi Simptom. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia Publisher.
Norudin, S. W., & Baba, S. (2018). Literacy difficulties of Dyslexic students in Bahasa Malaysia: a case study in Kelantan. 4(1), 101–119. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Journal.
Snowling, M. J. (2000) Dyslexia. Blackwell, Oxford.
Snowling, M. J. (2000). Dyslexia(2nd ed.). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Ugwu, C. J. (2015). Special education. Study of differences in dyslexia. TND press Ltd. Rivers State Nigeria.
Vijayaletchumy, S. (2003). Disleksia dalam Aspek Pembacaan Bahasa Melayu. PhD Thesis. Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Vijayaletchumy, S., & Kavenia, K. (2019). Panduan Asas Disleksia dan Intervensi Simptom.
Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia Publisher.
Vijayaletchumy, S., & Nadia, S. (2020). Multisensory Therapy in Letter Reversal of Dyslexic Pupils. Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(12): 7118-7130.
Walda, S., Weerdenburg, V. M., Ven, V. D. A., & Bosman, A. (2021). Literacy
Progress in Children with Dyslexia and the Role of Attention, Reading & Writing Quarterly, DOI: 10.1080/10573569.2021.189791
In-Text Citation: (Subramaniam & Kunasegran, 2022)
To Cite this Article: Subramaniam, V., & Kunasegran, K. (2022). Reading Error Mechanisms of Levinson Dyslexia Theory: A Perspective in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 12(6), 444–458.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode