Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Design of Masjid Kampung Keling and Acculturation of Chinese Culture

Raha Jaafar, Lew Bon Hooi, Azizan Othman, Hamdzun Haron, Nor Afian Yusof

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i11/15126

Open access

The Chinese communities’ historical involvement in the architectural style of Malaysia's old mosques has established its presence in Malay society. Acculturation is focused on the meeting and mutual effect of Malay and Chinese cultures in this study. The goal of this research was to understand the aspects of Chinese culture that inspired the architectural and artistic styles of the mosques. This investigation focuses on the Masjid Kampung Keling in Malacca. The public's understanding of the history of Chinese cultural acculturation in this distinctive mosque is limited. As a result, this study was carried out to broaden and improve knowledge of traditional Malay architectural features, particularly Chinese acculturation. For this research work, a qualitative research methodology was developed alongside cultural studies and exploratory data methodologies in order to comprehend the mosque's distinct design aesthetic. The findings of this study provide a clearer picture of how early Islamic cultures in the Malay region developed their architecture. Pyramid roofs, roof crowns, embellishments, and towers are all examples of Chinese cultural acculturation. The findings of this study provided a better understanding of how earlier Muslim communities in the Malay world developed. As a result, it is expected that this study will provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of mosque design in Malaysia and Malacca and can be applied to the ongoing development of concepts that will be useful to future academics.

Abd Hamid, N. A., Saleh, N., Mustaffha, N., Ohman, N., Saidpudin, W., & Awang, A. H.
(2015). The Governance Practices of Mosques: A Study of Public Perception in Selangor. Australian Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 9(31), 14-23.
Abdul Kadir, N. A., & Suyurno, S. S. (2018). Pengaruh Dekorasi dan Seni Bina China dalam Tiga Buah Masjid Terawal Di Melaka. E-Journal of Islamic Thought and Understanding, 2 (1), 29-43.
Abdul Kadir, N. A. A., Rahman, M. F. A., & Suyurno, S. S. (2019). The Oldest Mosques in Malacca: History and Main Components of Mosques. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(7), 386–397.
Abdul Kadir, N. A., Suyurno, S. S., Adnan, M. S. D., Aris, M. N., & Noor, M. (2017). Sejarah Dan Implementasi Dekorasi Cina Dalam Pembinaan Masjid Terawal di Melaka. In: 2nd International Islamic Heritage Conference (ISHEC 2017), 14-15 November 2017, Avillion Hotel Melaka.
Zakaria, A. R. M., & Abd. Rahman, N. N. H. S (2012) Motif hiasan tiga buah masjid tua abad ke-18 di Melaka. Jurnal Arkeologi Malaysia (25). pp. 116-130.
Ahmad, A. B., & Mujani, W. K. (2019). Masjid Kampung Keling: Sejarah Dan Seni Bina dalam Kegemilangan Warisan Ketamadunan Melayu. Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah, Special Issue (2019).
Ahmad, F., Shahminan, R. N., & Ibrahim, F. K. (2015). The Influences of The Architecture and Ornamentation in Melaka Traditional Houses: A Case Study of Rumah Demang Abdul Ghani, Merlimau, Melaka. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 5 (6), 280 - 290.
Armani, S., & Arbi, E. (2014). A Comparative Study on Chinese Architecture in Peninsular Malaysia and Mainland China. Journal of Design and Built Environment, 14 (2).
Asif, N., Utaberta, N., & Sarram, A. (2019). Architectural Styles of Malaysian Mosque: Suitability in Compact Urban Settings. MATEC Web of Conferences. 266. Retrieved from: https://www.matecconferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/
Baharudin, N. A., & Ismail, A. S. (2016). Architectural Style of Da’wah Mosque in Malaysia: From Vernacular to Modern Structures. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 3 (2), 70 -78.
Bahauddin, A., & Ahmad, H. (2018). Sufism In the Architectural Typology of The Melaka Tengkera Mosque, Malaysia. Islamic Heritage Architecture and Art, 177, 161- 172. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, 177. DOI:10.2495/IHA180131
Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living Successfully in Two Cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 697–712. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013.
Berry, J. W. (2010). Intercultural Relations and Acculturation in The Pacific Region. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology. 4. 10.1375/prp.4.2.95.
Dougherty, R. (1996). The Mosque: History, Architectural Development & Regional Diversity. (Eds). M. Frishman and K. Hasan-Uddin. London: Thames & Hudson.
Ebrahimi, M., & Yusoff, K. (2018). The Impact of Cultural Diversity on Mosques in Malaysia. Asian Culture and History, 10 (2), 45 - 57. epms.2019.12.18
Ernst, J. G. (1995). Architecture of The Islamic World: Its History and Social Meaning, Thames & Hudson.
Graaf, H. J. D. (2004). Cina Muslim di Jawa Abad XV dan XVI antara Historisitas dan Mitos, terjemahan dari Chinese Muslims in Java in the 15th and 16th centuries: The Malay Annals of Semarang and Cirebon, PT Tiara Wacana, Yogya.
Guarnaccia, P. J., & Hausmann-Stabile, C. (2016). Acculturation and Its Discontents: A Case for Bringing Anthropology Back into the Conversation. Sociology and anthropology (Alhambra, Calif.), 4(2), 114124. Retrieved from https://doi.org/ 10.13189/ sa. 2016.040209PMID: 27595125
Ismail, S., & Hassan, M. S. (2017). Chinese Décor and Motifs in The Interior Decoration: A Study on The Old Mosque in Malacca in The Early 18th Century. Journal of Ilmi, 7, 35 - 50.
Kadir, N. A. A., Rahman, M. F. A., & Suyurno, S. S. (2019). The Oldest Mosques in Malacca: History and Main Components of Mosques. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(7), 386–397.
Lee, W. H. (2016). The History of Melaka's Urban Morphology. Thesis. University of Queensland.
Lombard, D. (1996). Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya, PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, Jilid 2, Jaringan Asia.
Mariscal, D., & Morales, A. (2015). Cultural Angle and Degrees of Transculturation in Multicultural Societies. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 590. Retrieved from https://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/7326
Sojak, M. S. D., Shahminan, R. N., Ahmad, F. (2019). Mosque Architectural Timeline in Malaysia: From Vernacular to Contemporary. The European Proceedings of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15405/
Moorthy, R. (2009). The Evolution of The Chitty Community of Melaka. JEBAT, 36 (2009), 1-15.
Moorthy, R. (2021). Hybridity and Ethnic Invisibility of the “Chitty” Heritage Community of Melaka. Heritage, 4, 554–566.
Mustari, M., & Jasmi, K. A. (2008). Pengimarahan Masjid Dalam Agenda Ummah. Skudai. Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Nash, R. (1998). Sejarah, Ciri-Ciri Pembentukan Dan Pembinaan Masjid-Masjid Dunia, Malaysia dan Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur: Puncak Awal.
Nasir, A. H. (2004). Mosque Architecture in The Malay World. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Bangi, Malaysia.
Omar, N., Muda, Z., Yaakob, R., & Maoti, M. (2019). Mosques as an Agent for Community Development in The History of Islam. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9 (9), 763–772.
Pijper, G. F. (1947). The Minaret in Java. In F.D.K. Bosch et. al. (eds). India Antiqua. A volume of oriental studies presented by his friends and pupils to Jean Philippe Vogel (Ö), Leiden: Brill, Kern Institute, pp. 274-283.
Ma, R. L. W. (2009). Negotiating Identities: The Hui, Chinese Muslim. Institute of Malay World and Civilization. UKM.
Sanjay, S. (2011). What the Tamils Said: A Letter from The Kelings of Melaka (1527). 82. 137-158.
Schumann, J. H. (1986). Research on the Acculturation Model for Second Language Acquisition. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 7:5, 379-392
Schwartz, S. J., Unger, J. B., Zamboanga, B. L., & Szapocznik, J. (2010). Rethinking the Concept of Acculturation: Implications for Theory and Research. The American Psychologist, 65(4), 237–251.
Sinnappah, A. (1987). The Chulia Muslim Merchants in Southeast Asia, 1650-1800. Moyen Orient Et Océan Indien, Vol. 4, Pp. 125-43.
Somayeh, A. (2014). The Influence of Chinese Architecture on Traditional Melaka Mosque. Faculty of Built Environment, UM.
Spielberger, C. D. (2004). Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. Oxford: Elsevier Academic Press.
Stutterheim, W. F. (1948). De Kraton Van Majapahit. Brill.
Suyurno, S. S., Abdul Kadir, N. A., & Noor, M. (2017). The Development of Mosque Construction with Chinese Elements in Malacca. Proceedings of the International Conference on Islam, Development and Social Harmony in Southeast Asia.
Syaimak, I. (2015). Motif dan Ornamentasi Cina Dalam Binaan Masjid: Kajian Terhadap Tiga Buah Masjid Tertua di Melaka (1728M-1748M). studentsrepo.um.edu.my
Tamuri, A. H., & Ismail, M. A., & Jasmi, K. A. (2012). A New Approach in Islamic Education: Mosque Based Teaching and Learning. Journal of Islamic and Arabic Education, 4 (1), 1-10.
Utaberta, N., Sojak, S. D. M., Surat, M., Che-Ani, A. I., and Tahir, M. M. (2012). Typological Study of Traditional Mosque Ornamentation in Malaysia - Prospect of Traditional Ornament in Urban Mosque. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 6(7), 457-464
Vainker, S. J. (1991). Chinese Pottery and Porcelain. British Museum Press.
Vmenkov (2008). The Pagoda-like Minaret of The Kampung Kling Mosque, in Old Malacca. Retrieved from https://ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fail:Masjid-Kampung-Kling-minaret-2208.jpg
Yusof, N. A., Haron, H., & Abd Mutalib, N. (2014). Malacca mosque: The Aesthetics of Old Mosques in Malaysia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(27), 1342-1355.
Zaimeche, S. (2001). Education in Islam: The Role of The Mosque. Victoria Park: FSTC Limited.
Zuraini, D., Hanita, N. A. M., & Norazah, A. (2015). Ingenious Malay Wood Carving as Daylight Filtering Devices. Asian Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies, Ace-Bs2015, 20-22. Tehran, Iran.

In-Text Citation: (Jaafar et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Jaafar, R., Hooi, L. B., Othman, A., Haron, H., & Yusof, N. A. (2022). Design of Masjid Kampung Keling and Acculturation of Chinese Culture. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(11), 2105 – 2125.