Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Evaluation System of Tourism Endowment Destination Based on Tourism Endowment Index

Xiaoxiao Pang, Sridar Ramachandran, May Ling Siow, Thanam Subramaniam

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i4/16774

Open access

The destination is the foundation for tourism endowment activities; however, the majority of relevant studies focus on how to develop and build tourism endowment destinations, with little attention paid to site selection, particularly the construction of a scientific evaluation system for tourism endowment destinations. A relatively scientific evaluation system will aid in guiding tourism endowment's work, contribute to the region's tourism endowment industry's development, and improve the quality of life for urban residents and tourists. Taking China as an example, this paper compiles previous research on livable, endowment, remote endowment, and pension tourism, and uses Delphi and Logarithmic Fuzzy Priority Programming- Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (LFPP-FAHP) to develop an evaluation index system for tourism endowment destinations using the tourism endowment index (TEI). This index system consists of three criterion layers, ten field layers, and 35 index layer indexes for endowment living environment, ecological environment, and tourism environment, and these indexes have been modified using the Delphi method to be beneficial for the construction and research of tourism endowment index, industry, and destination.

Alen, E., Losada, N., & Dominguez, T. (2016). The impact of ageing on the tourism industry: An approach to the senior tourist profile. Social Indicators Research, 127(1), 303–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0966-x
Booth, M. L., Owen, N., Bauman, A., Clavisi, O., & Leslie, E. (2000). Social-cognitive and perceived environment influences associated with physical activity in older Australians. Preventive Medicine, 31(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0661
Carlson, J. A., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Frank, L. D., Kerr, J., Cain, K. L., & King, A. C. (2012). Interactions between psychosocial and built environment factors in explaining older adults’ physical activity. Preventive Medicine, 54(1), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.10.004
Cerin, E., Lee, K., Barnett, A., Sit, C. H. P., Cheung, M., & Chan, W. (2013). Objectively-measured neighborhood environments and leisure-time physical activity in Chinese urban elders. Preventive Medicine, 56(1), 86–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.10.024
Chai, X. (2004). Discussion on the feasibility of remote centralized endowment pattern. Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 34(6), 150–153.
Chen, X., Li, L., & Fu, Y. (2017). Research on the development mode of tourism endowment industry based on the perspective of value chain. Tourist Economy, 7, 105–110. https://doi.org/10.13529/j.cnki.enterprise.economy.2017.07.016
Chi, C. G. Q., Pan, L., & Del Chiappa, G. (2018). Examining destination personality: Its antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.01.001
China Aging Industry Association. (2015). Evaluation standards for tourism endowment service institutions.
Corseuil, M. W., Hallal, P. C., Corseuil, H. X., Jayce Ceola Schneider, I., & D’Orsi, E. (2012). Safety from crime and physical activity among older adults: A population-based study in Brazil. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/641010
Csutora, R., & Buckley, J. J. (2001). Fuzzy hierarchical analysis: The Lambda-Max method. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 120(2), 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0114(99)00155-4
Dai, J., Zhou, S., Zhao, B., & Liu, X. (2011). Discussion on the evaluation index system of livable cities for the elderly in China. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 31, 4008–4013.
Dong, Y. (2017). Evaluation of management performance of high-tech listed enterprises. Enterprise Management, 4(21), 182–184. https://doi.org/10.13546/j.cnki.tjyjc.2017.21.044
Dryglas, D., & Salamaga, M. (2018). Segmentation by push motives in health tourism destinations: A case study of Polish spa resorts. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.01.008
Duan, S. (2021). Study on assessment of elderly sojourning environment in China’s cold-sheltered tourist cities. Journal of Hainan Normal University (Natural Science), 34(1), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.12051/j.issn.1674-4942.2021.01.013
Economic Policy Committee. (2006). The impact of ageing on public expenditure: Projections for the EU25 member states on pensions, health care, long-term care, education and unemployment transfers (2004-2050). Economic Policy Committee and the European Commission (DG ECFIN).
Espinoza, M.-C., & Stallmann, J. I. (1996). Seasonal migration of retirees: A review of the literature. Faculty Paper Series 24010, Texas A&M University, Department of Agricultural Economics.
Fan, Y., & Chen, L. (2020). Research on the development of rehabilitation of endowment under the background of population aging. Technological Economics and Management Research, 10, 112–117.
Gao, Z., Li, R., & Tang, J. (2017). Comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of tourism endowment destination based on factor analysis. Modern Business, 14, 188–189. https://doi.org/10.14097/j.cnki.5392/2017.14.101
Geng, X. (2009). Tourism consumption behavior of elderly. Liaoning Normal University.
Guan, F. (2009). Research on the development model of destination of tourism endowment- As an example of Qiyunshan. Ocean University of China.
He, W. (2017). A study on the tourism pension in Xichang of Liangshan prefecture. Sichuan Agricultural University.
Hu, F., & Hu, X. (2014). Construction on evaluation index system of urban livability. Advanced Materials Research, 1065–1069, 2808–2813. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2808
Huang, L., & Tsai, H. T. (2003). The study of senior traveler behavior in Taiwan. Tourism Management, 24(5), 561–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00008-6
Jiao, L. (2008). Study on urban endowment pattern in the aging process of China. Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences.
King, R., Warnes, A. M., & Williams, A. M. (1998). International retirement migration in Europe. International Journal of Population Geography, 4(2), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1220(199806)4:2<91::AID-IJPG97>3.0.CO;2-S
King, W. C., Belle, S. H., Brach, J. S., Simkin-silverman, L. R., Soska, T., & Kriska, A. M. (2005). Objective measures of neighborhood environment and physical activity in older women. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(5), 461–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.001
King, W. C., Brach, J. S., Belle, S., Killingsworth, R., Fenton, M., & Kriska, A. M. (2003). The relationship between convenience of destinations and walking levels in older women. The Science of Health Promotion, 18(1), 74–82.
Krout, J. A. (1983). Seasonal migration of the elderly. The Gerontologist, 23(3), 295–299. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/23.3.295
Li, F., Fisher, K. J., Brownson, R. C., & Bosworth, M. (2005). Multilevel modelling of built environment characteristics related to neighbourhood walking activity in older adults. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59(7), 558–564. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.028399
Li, X. (2017). Research on optimizing countermeasures of demand- oriented Harbin migratory old-age service. Harbin University of Commerce.
Li, Y., Qiao, L., Wang, Q., & David, K. (2020). Towards the evaluation of rural livability in China: Theoretical framework and empirical case study. Habitat International, 105, 102241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102241
Liang, T. (2011). A research on senior tourists market and marketing development strategies- Taking Guangzhou city as an example. Jinan University.
Liu, C., & Wang, L. (2017). New business form under the new normal: Tourism endowment industry and its development path. Modern Economic Research, 1, 23–28. https://doi.org/10.13891/j.cnki.mer.2017.01.004
Liu, H., Li, X. (Robert), Cárdenas, D. A., & Yang, Y. (2018). Perceived cultural distance and international destination choice: The role of destination familiarity, geographic distance, and cultural motivation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 300–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.03.002
Liu, J. (2019). Design study of rural aging in Southern Liaoning province from the perspective of ecological livability. Dalian University of Technology.
Liu, Y. (2017). Study on ecological livabli landscape design of aging city. Xi ’an University of Architecture and Technology.
Losada, N., Alén, E., Cotos-Yáñez, T. R., & Domínguez, T. (2019). Spatial heterogeneity in Spain for senior travel behavior. Tourism Management, 70, 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.011
Loutfi, D., Lévesque, J. F., & Mukherjee, S. (2018). Impact of the elderly on household health expenditure in Bihar and Kerala, India. Journal of Health Management, 20(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063417747696
Lyu, J., Huang, H., & Mao, Z. (2021). Middle-aged and older adults’ preferences for long-stay tourism in rural China. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 19, 100552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100552
Lyu, N. (2011). Study on the index system of evaluating leisure city based on CLI. Journal of Capital University of Economics and Business, 6, 77–85. https://doi.org/10.13504/j.cnki.issn1008?2700.2011.06.013
Lyu, N. (2013). Leisure city evaluation model and empirical analysis. Tourism Tribune, 28(9), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2013.09.014
Ma, G., Long, J., & Li, H. (2012). A study on tourism destination choice influencing factors of different personality seniors. Geographical Research, 31(12), 2185–2196.
Ma, K. (2019). Research on the willingness and impact factors of tourism endowment for the elderly- A case of Shijiazhuang. Hebei University of Economics and Business.
Mahmood, A., Chaudhury, H., Michael, Y. L., Campo, M., Hay, K., & Sarte, A. (2012). A photovoice documentation of the role of neighborhood physical and social environments in older adults’ physical activity in two metropolitan areas in North America. Social Science and Medicine, 74(8), 1180–1192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.039
Meng, Y. (2020). Economic analysis of Chinese citizen’s endowment pattern selection- From the perspective of social network. Shandong University.
Michael, N., Nyadzayo, M. W., Michael, I., & Balasubramanian, S. (2020). Differential roles of push and pull factors on escape for travel: Personal and social identity perspectives. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(4), 464–478. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2349
Michael, Y., Beard, T., Choi, D., Farquhar, S., & Carlson, N. (2006). Measuring the influence of built neighborhood environments on walking in older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 14(3), 302–312. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.14.3.302
Mo, K., & Zheng, P. (2014). Old-age tourism wishes empirical analysis of factors affecting: Based on push-pull theory. Resource Development and Market, 30(6), 758–762. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-8141.2014.06.027
O’Reilly, K. (2012). International migration and social theory (themes in social theory) (2012th edi). Red Globe Press.
O’Reilly, K. (2020). Brexit and the British in Spain.
O’Reilly, K., & Benson, M. (2009). Lifestyle migration: Escaping to the good life? Ashgate.
Otoo, F. E., Kim, S., & Choi, Y. (2020). Understanding senior tourists’ preferences and characteristics based on their overseas travel motivation clusters. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 37(2), 246–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2020.1740136
Ou, C. (2018). Research on performance evaluation of Chinese online game listed companies based on LFPP-FAHP. South China University of Technology.
Pan, H. (2020). Research on the development and service of tourism pension resources in Heilongjiang under the background of aging. Harbin Normal University.
Pan, Y., Wang, X., & Ryan, C. (2021). Chinese seniors holidaying, elderly care, rural tourism and rural poverty alleviation programmes. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46(February 2020), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.09.010
Pang, X. (2015). Tourism endowment destination site selection research-take Zhejiang province Jinhua city as an example. Zhejiang Normal University.
Pang, X., Ramachandran, S., Siow, M. L., & Subramaniam, T. (2022). Comparative analysis of international and Chinese tourism endowment research in the past 30 years: Based on CiteSpace knowledge map. Journal of China Tourism Research, 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2022.2085834
Pang, X., Sang, G., & Yu, Y. (2016). The establishment and application of destination suitability evaluation system for endowment tourism based on GIS. Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, 28(3), 15–21.
Parra, D. C., Gomez, L. F., Fleischer, N. L., & David Pinzon, J. (2010). Built environment characteristics and perceived active park use among older adults: Results from a multilevel study in Bogotá. Health and Place, 16(6), 1174–1181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.07.008
Rodriguez, V. (2001). Tourism as a recruiting post for retirement migration. Tourism Geographies, 3(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680010008702
Rodriguez, V., Fernandez-Mayoralas, G., & Rojo, F. (1998). European retirees on the Costa del Sol: A cross-national comparison. International Journal of Population Geography, 4(2), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1220(199806)4:2<183::AID-IJPG101>3.0.CO;2-8
Ruan, Z. (2019). A review on the development model of tourism endowment in China. Tourism Management Research, 1, 58–59.
Shan, Y. (2008). A study of the index system for the measurement of leisure city. Journal of Kunming University, 19(4), 52–55.
Shoemaker, S. (2000). Segmenting the mature market: 10 years later. Journal of Travel Research, 39(1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003900103
Soler, I. R. (2005). El estilo de vida de las personas mayores y la comunicación publicitaria: Un analisis empírico. Universidad de Alicante.
Song, Y., & Wang, Z. (2019). An empirical study on the evaluation system of urban built-up community environment of leisure physical activity for the elderly. Journal of Shandong Sport University, 35(2), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.14104/j.cnki.1006-2076.2019.02.005
Sugiyama, T., & Thompson, C. W. (2008). Associations between characteristics of neighbourhood open space and older people’s walking. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 7, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2007.12.002
Tao, J. (2016). Study on influencing factors of pension real estate site selection. Shenzhen University.
Tsunoda, K., Tsuji, T., Kitano, N., Mitsuishi, Y., Yoon, J. Y., Yoon, J., & Okura, T. (2012). Associations of physical activity with neighborhood environments and transportation modes in older Japanese adults. Preventive Medicine, 55(2), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.05.013
VISCO, I. (2005). Ageing and pension system reform: Implications for financial markets and economics policies.
Wu, B. (2015). Seniors tourist destination selection factors empirical study of AHP. Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, 27(1), 10–15.
Wu, X., & Qu, J. (2016). The status quo, problems of China’s construction of elderly livable environment and countermeasure research. Scientific Research on Aging, 4(8), 3–12.
Xu, A., Liu, Z., & Lou, J. (2020). Study on the quality of the leisure cities in China. World Regional Studies, 29(4), 856–866. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.04.2018457
Xu, J. (2013). The analysis on elder tourism-endowment complexes. Zhejiang Normal University.
Xu, K., Zhu, H., & Jiang, Y. (2006). The relationship between rural tourism development and the elderly’s environmental perception. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 1(2), 78–83. https://doi.org/10.19687/j.cnki .1673 -7105.2006.04.010
Yan, K., Chen, J., & Chen, X. (2013). Docking and integration of pastoral complex and hospitality industry under the rural revitalization strategy. Enterprise Economy, 53(9), 1689–1699. https://doi.org/10.13529/j.cnki.enterprise.economy.2018.08.021
Yang, L. (2018). A study on the characteristic town for tourism endowment under the IRPS model. Zhejiang Normal University.
Yang, Yiyong, & Guan, B. (2017). Ideas on promoting supply-side structural reform of old-age security under the background of aging. Economist, 3, 97–104. https://doi.org/10.16158/j.cnki.51-1312/f.2017.03.014
Yang, Yulan, & Tang, J. (2021). Suitability evaluation of tourism endowment destinations based on GIS: A case study of Hubei province. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 60(3), 161–166. https://doi.org/10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.033
Yuan, K., Liu, L., & Deng, X. (2013). A review of foreign research about tourism retirement scheme among different places. Journal of Fujian Jiangxia University, 3(6), 63–69.
Yuan, K., Liu, L., Xiang, Y., & Zou, J. (2013). The Assessment Study of Destination Suitability for Interactive Tourism Retirement Scheme among Different Places Based on GIS. Economic Geography, 33(11), 163–168. https://doi.org/10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2013.11.026
Zhan, D., Zhang, W., Yu, J., Meng, B., & Dang, Y. (2015). Analysis of influencing mechanism of residents’ livability satisfaction in Beijing using geographical detector. Progress in Geography, 34(8), 966–975. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.08.004
Zhang, C., & Li, X. (2021). The evaluation index system of human settlements on livable community for the elderly in Liaoning province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 41(1), 92–99. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.01.010
Zhang, H., Cheng, J., Feng, Y., Chen, D., Ni, L., & Sun, H. (2015). An evaluation index system for ecological civilization construction in megacities and its research applications: The case of Wuhan city. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35(2), 547–556. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201303220493
Zhang, K. (2021). Analysis on the supply and demand of Yunnan’s senior care tourism products and research on development countermeasure. Yunnan Normal University.
Zhang, W. (2007). Study on intrinsic meanings of the livable city and the evaluation system of livable city. Journal of Urban Planning, 3, 30–34.
Zhang, Y., & Feng, Y. (2018). A research on tourism-living endowment service needs of the south drift elderly. Journal of Haerbin University of Commerce, 1, 94–101. https://doi.org/10.18907/jjsre.4.4-387-2
Zhang, Z., Sheng, Y., & Ou, C. (2019). Index weight determination method based on FAHP-CEEMDAN. Statistics & Decision, 2, 79–83. https://doi.org/10.13546/j.cnki.tjyjc.2019.02.018
Zheng, Y., Qin, S., & Wen, W. (2015). A research on value chain development and financing model design of Yunnan pension tourism industry. Reformation & Strategy, 31(6), 156–160. https://doi.org/10.16331/j.cnki.issn1002-736x.2015.06.033
Zhou, G. (2006). Feasibility study of elderly tourism and its development. Commercial Economics Review, 3, 63–66.

In-Text Citation: (Pang et al., 2023)
To Cite this Article: Pang, X., Ramachandran, S., Siow, M. L., & Subramaniam, T. (2023). Evaluation System of Tourism Endowment Destination Based on Tourism Endowment Index. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(4), 940 – 960.