Relationship Between Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Mental Healthfatigue among Staffs in A Healthcare Facility in Matu and Daro, Sarawak: A Conceptual Paper

Adwas, A. A., Jbireal, J. M., &Azab, A. E. (2019). Anxiety: Insights into signs, symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology and treatment. East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences, 2(10), 580-591.
Khushairi, A. J. N., Ho, Y. M., &Ngu, S. Y. (2022). Social support and burnout among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(7), 5391-5398.
Akova, I., Hasdemir, O., &Kilic, E. (2021). Evaluation of the relationship between burnout, depression, anxiety and stress levels of primary health-care workers (Center Anatolia). Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 57(1), 52-60.
https://doi.org/10.1080/20905068.2021.1874632
Alagah, A. D. (2021). Employee stress: A scoping review. EPRA International Journal of Research and Development, 6(1), 129-134. DOI: 10.36713/epra2016
Alonso, A. M. (1960). What is mental health? Who are mentally healthy?. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 6(3-4), 302-305.
Ballenger, J. C., Davidson, J. R., Lecrubier, Y., Nutt, D. J., Bobes, J., Beidel, D. C., ... &Westenberg, H. G. (1998). Consensus statement on social anxiety disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. The Journal of clinical psychiatry.
Berry, H. L., Bowen, K., &Kjellstrom, T. (2010). Climate change and mental health: a causal pathways framework. International journal of public health, 55, 123-132.
Bhugra, D., Till, A. & Sartorius, N. (2013). What is mental health? International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 59(1), 3-4. DOI: 10.1177/0020764012463315
Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. National Opinion Research Center Monographs InSocial Research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.
Braquehais, M. D., Vargas-Cáceres, S., Gómez-Durán, E., Nieva, G., Valero, S., Casas, M., & Bruguera, E. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals.
Bowen, P., Edwards, P., and Lingard, H. (2014). Workplace stress, stress effects, and coping mechanisms in the construction industry, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol.140, No.3, pp. 1-15
Burman, R., & Goswami, T. G. (2018). A systematic literature review of work stress. International Journal of Management Studies, 5(3-9), 112-132. https://doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5i3(9)/15.
Celmece, N. &Menekay, M. (2020). The effect of stress, anxiety and burnout levels of healthcare professional caring for COVID-19 patients in their quality of life. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 597624, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.597624
Crotty, M. 1998. The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. London: Sage
Cooper CL, Marshall J. (1976). Occupational sources of stress: a review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health. J Occup Health Psychol 1976;49:11–28.
Davis, M., Balasubramanian, B. A., Waller, E., Miller, B. F., Green, L. A., & Cohen, D. J. (2013). Integrating behavioral and physical health care in the real world: early lessons from advancing care together. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 26(5), 588-602.
D'Alessandro Jr, J. J. (2006). An association between personality and burnout: A comparison between the MBI and the NEO-FFI among elementary school teachers. University of Hartford.
De Silva, N., Samanmali, R., & De Silva, H. L. (2017). Managing occupational stress of professionals in large construction projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(4), 488-504. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-09-2016-0066
Dutheil, F., Aubert, C., Pereira, B., Dambrun, M., Moustafa, F., Mermillod, M., ... & Navel, V. (2019). Suicide among physicians and health-care workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 14(12), e0226361.
Eddy, M. F., &Walbroehl, G. S. (1998). Recognition and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Family Physician, 57(7), 1623- 8.
Gorard, S. (2003). Quantitative methods in social science research. A&C Black.
Guler, S., Sahan, S., Ceyhan, Y. &Ozel, B. N. (2022). Determination of the relationship between stress and burnout levels in nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing & Healthcare International Journal, 6(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.23880/nhij-16000266
Hagaman, A. K., Singh, K., Abate, M., Alemu, H., Kefale, A. B., Bitewulign, B., ... &Magge, H. (2020). The impacts of quality improvement on maternal and newborn health: preliminary findings from a health system integrated intervention in four Ethiopian regions. BMC health services research, 20(1), 1-12.
Hämmig, O. (2018). Explaining burnout and the intention to leave the profession among health professionals–a cross-sectional study in a hospital setting in Switzerland. BMC health services research, 18(1), 1-11.
Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Suñe, A., &Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014). Outcomes of work–life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of vocational behavior, 85(3), 361-373.
Hassan, M. F., Mohd Hassan, N., Kassim, E. S. & Hamzah, M. I. (2020). Issues and challenges of mental health in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 8(12), 1686-1696. DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i12/5288
Hatam, N., Partovi, Y., Najibi, S. R., Marzaleh, M. A., &Najibi, S. M. (2021). Healthcare system functions in Iran and successful developing countries regarding access to universal health coverage: a comparative study. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 23(7), e710.
Health Education Authority (HEA) (1997). Mental health promotion: a quality framework. London: HEA, 1997.
Holton, M. K., Barry, A. E., & Chaney, J. D. (2016). Employee stress management: An examination of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies on employee health. Work, 53(2), 299-305. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-152145
Juliana, N., Mohd Azmi, N.A.S., Effendy, N., Mohd Fahmi Teng, N.I., Azmani, S., Baharom, N., Mohamad Yusuff, A.S., Abu, I.F. (2022). Exploring the Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Healthcare Shift Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9420. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159420
Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of general psychiatry, 52(12), 1048-1060
Kuhn, T. S. 1962. The structure of scientific revolution. International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, Second Edition, Vol. I and II, Foundations of the Unity of Science, London: The University Chicago Press.
Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions. 2nd Edition, Chicago Uni. The University of Chicago Press.
Kumareswaran, S., Muhadi, S. U., &Thuraiarasu, V. (2022). Prevalence of burnout and its detrimental effects among workers. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(9), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i9.1743
Kumar, M., Talib, S. A., & Ramayah, T. (2013). Business research methods, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press
Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. (2nd. Ed.) Sydney: Psychology Foundation. ISBN 7334-1423-0.
Manwell, L. A., Barbic, S. P., & Roberts, K. (2015). What is mental health? Evidence towards a new definition from a mixed methods multidisciplinary international survey. BMJ Open 2015;5:e007079. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014- 007079
Markowitz, J. S., Weissman, M. M., Ouellette, R., Lish, J. D., &Klerman, G. L. (1989). Quality of life in panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry, 46(11), 984-992.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 397-422.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., and Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52, 397–422. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
Martins, V., Serrao, C., Teixeira, A., Castro, L. & Duarte, I. (2022). The mediating role of life satisfaction in the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and burnout among Portuguese nurses during COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Nursing, 21(188), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00958-3
McMullen, M. B., and Krantz, M. (1988). “Burnout in Day Care Workers: The Effects of Learned Helplessness and Self-Esteem.” Child and Youth Care Quarterly 17(4): 275-280.
Michie, S. (2002). Causes and management of stress at work. Occupational Environmental Medicine, 59, 67-72.
Morgan, D. L. (2014). Pragmatism as a paradigm for social research, Qualitative Inquiry, 20(8), 1045-1053. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800413513733
Munir, S., Gondal, A. Z., &Takov, V. (2019). Generalized anxiety disorder. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441870
Panigrahi, A. (2016). Managing stress at work. Journal of Management Research and Analysis, 3(4), 154 – 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/2394-2770.2016.0001
Ramli, M., MohdAriff, F., &Zaini, Z. (2007). Translation, validation and psychometric properties of Bahasa Malaysia version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 8(2), 82-89.
Rao, J. V., & Chandraiah, K. (2012). Occupational stress, mental health and coping among information technology professionals. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine,?16(1), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.99686.
Roslan, N. S., Yusoff, M. S. B., Razak, A. A., Morgan, K. (2021). Burnout Prevalence and Its Associated Factors among Malaysian Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Embedded Mixed-Method Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 90. http://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare 9010090
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it?explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081.
Sanghera, J., Pattani, N., Hashmi, Y., Varley, K. F., Cheruvu, M. S., Bradley, A., & Burke, J. R. (2020). The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the mental health of healthcare workers in a hospital setting-A Systematic Review. Journal of occupational health, 62(1), e12175.
Schweizer, E. (1995). Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Longitudinal Course and Pharmacologic. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18(4), 843-857
Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R. (2013). Research methods for business. John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons
Selye, H. (1976), The Stress of Life, Book Company, McGraw-Hill, New York NY.
Sfeatcu, R., Cernusca-Mitariu, M., Ionescu, C., Roman, M., Cernu?c?-Mi?ariu, S., Coldea, L., ... &Burcea, C. C. (2014). The concept of wellbeing in relation to health and quality of life. European Journal of Science and Theology, 10(4), 123-128.
Shaare, N. N., Hussein, M. A. A. M., MohdHasnurizal, W. K. S., Osman, N. A. S., & Idris, M. S. M. (2022). A review of job stress and its influence on health-related risk. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business, 7(42), Special Issues, 58-70. DOI: 10.55573/IJAFB.074208.
Shen, P., & Slater, P. (2021). The effect of occupational stress and coping strategies on mental health and emotional well-being among university academic staff during the COVID-19 outbreak. International Education Studies, 14(3), 82-95.
Sovold, L. E., Naslund, J. A., Kousoulis, A. A., Saxena, S., Qoronfleh, M. W., Grobler, C., & Munter, L. (2021). Prioritizing the mental health and well-being of healthcare workers: an urgent global public health priority. Frontiers in public health, 9, 679397.
Subramaniam, N., MohdSidik, S., Chong, S. C., &Muthiah, S. G. (2022). The prevalence of burnout and its predictors among pharmacists working in government hospitals in Selangor. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 18(3), 92-102.
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology: how to choose a sampling technique for research, International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2), 18-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205035
WHO. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
WHO. (2021). Depression. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Wilson, J. (2010). Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project, UK: SAGE Publications.
Yeap, R., & Low, W. Y. (2009). Mental health knowledge, attitude and help-seeking tendency: A Malaysian context. Singapore Medical Journal, 50(12), 1169–1176.

N/A

Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode