Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Influences of Cultural Values, Community Cohesiveness, and Resilience Among Residents in Insurgency-Prone Northeast Nigeria

Hauwa Mai Butu, Ahmad Hariza Hashim, Nobaya Ahmad, Mohammad Mujaheed Hassan

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i12/20046

Open access

The concepts of risk and resilience have gained growing relevance in the context of cultural values and community cohesiveness. Specifically, in the face of threat particularly in situations like armed conflicts. Simultaneously, there is an argument that emphasizes, cultural values and community cohesiveness are valuable assets for fostering resilience, lessening disaster risk, and promoting peace and reconciliation among individuals in many communities around the globe. The current study seeks to understand whether cultural values and community cohesiveness influence resilience among affected public housing residents in Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria. Hofstede cultural value model, was used as the model for this study. The study employed a cross-sectional design, used questionnaire for data collection, and a sample size of 345 across 5 public housing, based on the proportion of their population, using Cochran (1977), formula in determining the sample size. Data was analysed using SPSS package version 25. The descriptive analysis, reveals a high level of cultural values and community cohesiveness while results from the regression analysis indicate that cultural values and community cohesiveness predict resilience. The study therefore suggests that culture should be cooperated in neighbourhood and housing design. Likewise, coping strategies such as resilience-oriented planning to deal with the security situation at all levels should pay special attention and support community social networks in order to enhance their resiliency.

Adeoye, B., & Tomei, L. (2014). Effects of information capitalism and globalisation on teaching and learning. Pennsylvania: Information Science Reference. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
Ahmed, R., Seedat, M., Van Niekerk, A., & Bulbulia, S. (2004). Discerning community resilience in disadvantaged communities in the context of violence and injury prevention. South African Journal of Psychology, 34(3), 386-40.
Aldrich, D. P., & Meyer, M. A. (2015). Social capital and community resilience. American behavioral scientist, 59(2), 254-269.
Allred, S., Harris, R., Zaman, T., Kulathuramaiyer, N., & Jengan, G. (2022). Cultural Resilience in the Face of globalization: Lessons from the Penan of Borneo. Human Ecology, 1-16.
Ani, A., Mohamed, N., & Rahman, N. A. (2012). Socio-cultural influences in the composition of traditional Malay house compounds in rural Melaka. ALAM CIPTA, International Journal of Sustainable Tropical Design Research and Practice, 5(1).
Austin, O. S., & Khan, T. H. (2012). Effect of culture on urban public housing non-occupancy: a case study in Ondo State, Nigeria. British Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(2), 50-63.
Boko, H. N. K. (2017). The evolution of cultural and natural management systems with the waterlogged villages in Benin. Managing Heritage in Africa: Who Cares? 97-109.
Bond, M. H. (1988). Finding universal dimensions of individual variation in multicultural studies of values: The Rokeach and Chinese value surveys. Journal of personality and social psychology, 55(6), 1009.
Buckner, J. C. (1988). The Development of an Instrument to Measure Neighborhood Cohesion. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16(6), 771-791.
Cavaye, J., & Ross, H. (2019). Community resilience and community development: What mutual opportunities arise from interactions between the two concepts? Community Development, 50(2), 181–200.
Choi, W., Zeff, L. E., & Higby, M. A. (2019). Digital natives in China and the United States: Is technology effective in building trust? Quarterly Review of Business Disciplines, 6(2), 133-150.
Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques-3 Cohesion. American Journal of CommunityPsychology, 16(6), 771-79.
Daskon, C. D. (2010). Cultural resilience—the roles of cultural traditions in sustaining rural livelihoods: a case study from rural Kandyan villages in Central Sri Lanka. Sustainability, 2(4), 1080-1100.
Escobedo, M. B., Zheng, Z., & Bhatt, B. (2021). Socially oriented sharing economy platform in regional Australia: A Polanyian analysis. In Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid (pp. 53–73). Springer.
Elwidaa, E. (2020). Rethinking adequate housing for low-income women of the Global South: reflections on women-initiated housing transformations to Masese Women Slum-Upgrading Housing Project, Jinja, Uganda. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae, (2020: 28).
Eshel, Y., & Kimhi, S. (2016). Community resilience of civilians at war: A new
perspective. Community mental health journal, 52(1), 109-117.
Fonseca, X., Lukosch, S., & Brazier, F. (2019). Social cohesion revisited: a new definition and how to characterize it. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science
Research, 32(2), 231-253.
Franz, M. R., Sanders, W., Nillni, Y. I., Vogt, D., Matteo, R., & Galovski, T. (2022). PTSD and parental functioning: The protective role of neighborhood cohesion among Black anWhite veterans. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and
policy, 14(S1), S4.
Goncalo, J. A., & Staw, B. M. (2006). Individualism–collectivism and group creativity. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 100(1), 96-109.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Sage,
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online readings in psychology and culture, 2(1), 8.
Hofstede, G & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures et organisations: Nos programmations mentales. Pearson Education France.
Holtorf, C. (2018). Embracing change: how cultural resilience is increased through cultural heritage. World archaeology, 50(4), 639-650.
Hulse, K., & Stone W. (2006). Housing, Housing Assistance and Social Cohesion. (Melbourne: Swinburne-Monash Research Centre /Australian Housing and Urban Research Centre)
Jiang, Y., Li, M., & Chung, T. (2023). Living alone and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults: The moderating role of perceived neighborhood cohesion. Social Science & Medicine, 317, 115568.
Jewett, R. L., Mah, S. M., Howell, N., & Larsen, M. M. (2021). Social cohesion and community resilience during COVID-19 and pandemics: A rapid scoping review to inform the United Nations research roadmap for COVID-19 recovery. International Journal of Health Services, 51(3), 325–336.
Jogulu, U., & Franken, E. (2023). The career resilience of senior women managers: A cross?cultural perspective. Gender, Work & Organization, 30(1), 280-300.
Kasarda, J. D., & Janowitz, M. (1974). Community Attachment in Mass Society. American Sociological Review, 328-339
Kaye-Kauderer, H., Feingold, J. H., Feder, A., Southwick, S., & Charney, D. (2021). Resilience in the age of COVID-19. BJPsych Advances, 27(3), 166-178.
Kearns, A., & Forrest. R. (2000) “Social Cohesion and Multilevel Urban Governance” Urban Studies 37 (5/6): 995-1017
Lawrence, R. J. (1987). What makes a house a home? Environmental Behavior, 19(2), 154–168.
King, R., Orloff, M., Virsilas, T., & Pande, T. (2017). Confronting the urban housing crisis in the global south: adequate, secure, and affordable housing. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
Linz, S., Helmreich, I., Kunzler, A., Chmitorz, A., Lieb, K., & Kubiak, T. (2020). Interventionen zur Resilienzförderung bei Erwachsenen. PPmP-
Psychotherapie·Psychosomatik·Medizinische Psychologie, 70(01), 11-21.
Leijten, I., & de Bel, K. (2020). Facing financialization in the housing sector: A human right to adequate housing for all. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 38(2), 94-114.
Lukas, T., & Tackenberg, B. (2018). Social cohesion in multi-ethnic urban neighbourhood-Strengthening community resilience through urban planning.
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child development, 71(3), 543-562.
Makinde, O. O. (2014). Influences of socio-cultural experiences on residents’ satisfaction in Ikorodu low-cost housing estate, Lagos state. International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development, 5(3), 205-221.
Mansoor, N., Anuar, A. N., Mahdzir, A. M., & Md, N. H. (2023). Enhancing Disaster Resilience: Overview of Resilient Housing. Social Sciences, 13(9), 261-275.
Misra, S., Goswami, R., Mondal, T., & Jana, R. (2017). Social networks in the context of community response to disaster: Study of a cyclone-affected community in Coastal West Bengal, India. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 22, 281-296.
Neuman, W. L. (2006) Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches 6th Edition, Pearson International Edition, USA.
Njideka, T. E (2015). Culture and cultural expressions in Nigeria. In Nigerian peoples and culture- A reader, (ed.) Ikenna, M. A & Cynado, C. E, Enugu: Rycee Kerex
Nissanka, S., & Manori, A. (2020). Beyond a Roof and Walls: Gaps and Challenges in Providing Adequate Housing for Refugees in Malmö.
Nofal, O. M., & Van De Lindt, J. W. (2022). Understanding flood risk in the context of
community resilience modeling for the built environment: Research needs and trends. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 7(3), 171-187.
Nuwayhid, I., Zurayk, H., Yamout, R., & Cortas, C. S. (2011). Summer 2006 war on Lebanon: A lesson in community resilience. Global public health, 6(5), 505-519.
Nwokoro, C. I., & Akwaowo, P. M. (2022). Nigerian Cultural Values and Advertising Ethics: Prima Garnet, Ddb Casers, Lintas, Noah’s Ark and Concept Unit Advertising Agencies In Perspective. American Journal of Communication, 4(1), 46-57.
Oh, R.R.Y., Fielding, K.S., Nghiem, T.P.L., Chang, C.C., Shanahan, D.F., Gaston, K.J., Fuller, R.A., 2021. Factors influencing nature interactions vary between cities and types of nature interactions. People Nat. 3 (2), 405–417.
Oren, M., & Alterman, R. (2021). The Right to Adequate Housing Around the Globe: Analysis and Evaluation of National Constitutions. Sandeep Agrawal, Ed
Otakulovna, K. M. (2022). THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE CONCEPT OF ECOLOGICAL CULTURE AND ITS PRACTICE. Web of Scientist: International Scientific Research Journal, 3(7), 186-190.
Panter-Brick, C., & Eggerman, M. (2012). Understanding culture, resilience, and mental health: The production of hope. In The social ecology of resilience (pp. 369-386). Springer, New York, NY.
Pratt, B., Cheah, P. Y., & Marsh, V. (2020). Solidarity and community engagement in global health research. The American Journal of Bioethics, 20(5), 43-56.
Perreault, K., Lapalme, J., Potvin, L., & Riva, M. (2022). “We’re Home Now”: How a Rehousing Intervention Shapes the Mental Well-Being of Inuit Adults in Nunavut, Canada. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6432.
Quigley, M., Blair, N., & Davison, K. (2018). Articulating a social-ecological resilience agenda for urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 23(4), 581–602.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2018.1440176
Qureshi, I., Bhatt, B., & Shukla, D. M. (2021). Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid. Springer
Rapoport, A. (1977). Human aspects of urban form: Towards man-environment approach to urban form and design. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Rapoport, A. (2000). Theory, culture and housing. Housing, theory and society, 17(4), 145-165.
Redshaw, S., Ingham, V., McCutcheon, M., Hicks, J., & Burmeister, O. (2018). Assessing the impact of vulnerability on perceptions of social cohesion in the context of community resilience to disaster in the Blue Mountains. Australian journal of rural health, 26(1), 14-19
Saja, A. A., Goonetilleke, A., Teo, M., & Ziyath, A. M. (2019). A critical review of social resilience assessment frameworks in disaster management. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 35, 101096.
Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D., & Gannon-Rowley, T. (2002). Assessing “neighborhood effects”: Social processes and new directions in research. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 443-478. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141114
Sanyal, S., & Routray, J. K. (2016). Social capital for disaster risk reduction and management with empirical evidences from Sundarbans of India. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 19, 101-11
Sanni-Anibire, M. O., Hassanain, M. A., & Al-Hammad, A. M. (2016). Post-occupancy evaluation of housing facilities: Overview and summary of methods. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 30(5), 04016009.
Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Beyond individualism and collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (pp. 85-122). Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
Sharma, P. (2010). Measuring personal cultural orientations: Scale development and validation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(6), 787-806.
Slawinski, N., Winsor, B., Mazutis, D., Schouten, J. W., & Smith, W. K. (2021). Managing the paradoxes of place to foster regeneration. Organization & Environment, 34(4), 595–618.
Spence, N. D., Wells, S., Graham, K., & George, J. (2016). Racial discrimination, cultural resilience, and stress. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(5), 298-307.
Stablein, M. J., Cruz, J. G., Fidan, E. N., Talbot, J., Reed, S. P., Walters, R. S., et al. (2022). Compound[ing] disasters in Puerto Rico: Pathways for virtual transdisciplinary collaboration to enhance community resilience. Global Environmental Change, 76, 102558.
Talò, C., Mannarini, T., and Rochira, A. (2014). Sense of community and community participation: a meta-analytic review. Soc. Indic. Res. 117, 1–28.doi: 10.1007/s11205-013-0347-2
Tasic, J., & Amir, S. (2016). Informational capital and disaster resilience: the case of Jalin Merapi. Disaster Prevention and Management.
Theron, L., Liebenberg, L., & Ungar, M. (2015). Youth resilience and culture. Springer. [MU]
Titz, A., Cannon, T., & Krüger, F. (2018). Uncovering ‘community’: Challenging an elusive concept in development and disaster related work. Societies, 8(3), 71.
Townshend, I., Awosoga, O., Kulig, J., & Fan, H. (2015). Social cohesion and resilience across communities that have experienced a disaster. Natural Hazards, 76(2), 913-938.
Triandis, H. C. (2018). Individualism and collectivism. Routledge.
Ungar, M. (2008). Putting resilience theory into action: Five principles for intervention. Resilience in action, 17, 38.
United Nations (2023). Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023. Assessed on 15th November, 2023. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal11
Van Wyk, M. M. (2010). Validation of a coping self–efficacy scale in an African context (Doctoral dissertation, North-West University)
Wilkin, J., Biggs, E., & Tatem, A. J. (2019). Measurement of social networks for innovation within community disaster resilience. Sustainability, 11(7), 1943.
World Health Organization. (2004). The World health report: 2004: changing history. World Health Organization.
Zhang, R., Yuan, Y., Li, H., & Hu, X. (2022). Improving the framework for analyzing community resilience to understand rural revitalization pathways in China. Journal of Rural Studies, 94, 287–294
Zihnio?lu, Ö., & Dalk?ran, M. (2022). From social capital to social cohesion: Syrian refugees in Turkey and the role of NGOs as intermediaries. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1-18.

(Butu et al., 2023)
Butu, H. M., Hashim, A. H., Ahmad, N., & Hassan, M. M. (2023). Influences of Cultural Values, Community Cohesiveness, and Resilience Among Residents in Insurgency-Prone Northeast Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(12), 1447–1464.