Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Study on the Factors Affecting University Graduates Unemployment Problem in China: Literature Review Approach

Heyu Huang, Asif Mahbub Karim, Joseph Adaikalam, Zhongqi Chen

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i1/20474

Open access

This study provides literature review of the high unemployment situation among global youth, Chinese youth and Chinese university graduates. As the world struggles to cope with the far-reaching effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, reducing the unemployment rate among Chinese university graduates has become an important assignment. This study was based on secondary research and conducted a comprehensive literature review, in order to examine the factors affecting university graduates in China. The study found that Chinese university graduates’ unemployment was the main group of China’s unemployed youth population. Chinese graduates’ unemployment rate was higher than that in 2019. The impact of epidemics, increased labour supply, employment discrimination, low employability of graduates, voluntary turnover and disconnection between school and society were important factors affecting university graduates in China. This study pointed out some suggestions to solve this problem. Firstly, national and local governments could actively create conditions to guide the mobility of talents. Secondly, university could strengthen school-enterprise cooperation and flexibly to set up micro-courses for employment-oriented skills.

Barbieri, L., Piva, M., & Vivarelli, M. (2019). R&D, embodied technological change, and employment: Evidence from Italian microdata. Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(1), 203-218.
Caglayan-Akay, E., & Komuryakan, F. (2022). The effects of education and experience on youth employee wages: the case of Turkey. International Journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics, 12(1-2), 158-173.
Che, L., Du, H., & Chan, K. W. (2020). Unequal pain: a sketch of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on migrants’ employment in China. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 61(4-5), 448-463.
Chen, M., Ma, Y., Liu, T., & Xing, H. (2023). How employment diversification affects labour competitiveness: A gender perspective. Journal of Competitiveness, 15(2).
Dai, T., Fan, H., Liu, X., & Ma, C. (2022). Delayed retirement policy and unemployment rates. Journal of Macroeconomics, 71.
Du, Y., & Wei, X. (2022). Technological change and unemployment: evidence from China. Applied Economics Letters, 29(9), 851-854.
Du, Y., & Wei, X. (2020). Task content routinisation, technological change and labour turnover: Evidence from China. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 31(3), 324-346.
Guangxi Education Department. Guangxi Employment Quality Report in 2019[EB/OL]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-10/23/content_5443757.htm,2019-10-23/2023-05-08.
Guangxi Education Department. Guangxi Employment Quality Report in 20202020[EB/OL]. http://jyt.gxzf.gov.cn/zfxxgk/fdzdgknr/qtndbg/jyjlbg/,2020-09-30/2023-05-08.
Guangxi Education Department. Guangxi Employment Quality Report in 2021[EB/OL]. http://jyt.gxzf.gov.cn/zfxxgk/fdzdgknr/qtndbg/jyjlbg/,2021-12-20/2023-05-08.
Guangxi Education Department. Guangxi Employment Quality Report in 2022[EB/OL]. http://jyt.gxzf.gov.cn/zfxxgk/fdzdgknr/qtndbg/jyjlbg/,2022-12-27/2023-05-08.
Harvey, L. (2001). Defining and measuring employability.Quality in higher education, 7(2), 97-109.
Hossain, M. I., Yagamaran, K. S. A., Afrin, T., Limon, N., Nasiruzzaman, M., & Karim, A. M. (2018). Factors influencing unemployment among fresh graduates: A case study in Klang Valley, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(9), 1494-1507.
Hossain, M. I., Alam, M. K., Johari, Z., Tasnim, M., Ferdaous, K. I., & Pal, T. (2023). Structural Modelling on Factors of Adopting FinTech Among Malaysian Millennials: Perceived COVID-19 Risk as Moderator. In Digital Natives as a Disruptive Force in Asian Businesses and Societies (pp. 134-156). IGI Global.
Hossain, M. I., Maideen, M. B. H., Sharmin, N., & Islam, T. (2023). COVID-19 Repercussions on Bangladeshi On-Demand-Food Delivery, Restaurant, and Hotel Industry. International Journal of Innovation and Business Strategy (IJIBS), 18(1), 50-62.
Hossain, M. I., Polas, M. R. H., Rahman, M. M., Islam, T., & Jamadar, Y. (2020). An Exploration of COVID-19 Pandemic and its Consequences on FMCG Industry in Bangladesh. Journal of Management Info, 7(3), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v7i3.1484
International Labour Office. (2022). Global Employment Trends for Youth 2022: Investing in Transforming Futures for Young People. International Labour Office.
International Labour Office. (2022). World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2022. International Labour Organization.
International Labour Office. (2023). World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2023.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2022). Statistical Bulletin of the People's Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development, 2022.
Jin, T. (2023). Dialogue Zeng Xiangquan: Highly concerned about the youth unemployment rate breaking 20%, but there are other challenges to face. The Economic Observer(003).
Lai, H., Khan, Y. A., Thaljaoui, A., Chammam, W., & Abbas, S. Z. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and unemployment rate: A hybrid unemployment rate prediction approach for developed and developing countries of Asia. Soft computing, 1-16.
Ministry of Education, China. 2019 China Education Statistics[EB/OL]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/moe_560/jytjsj_2019/qg/, 2020-06-11/2023-05-08.
Ministry of Education, China. 2020 China Education Statistics[EB/OL].
http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/moe_560/2020/quanguo/202108/t20210831_556364.html, 2021-08-30/2023-05-08.
Ministry of Education, China. 2021 China Education Statistics[EB/OL].
http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/moe_560/2021/quanguo/202301/t20230104_103806.html, 2022-12-30/2023-05-08.
MyCos Research College. (2019). National Undergraduate Employment Report in 2019(1st ed). Wang, B. & Chen, Y. Beijing: Social Science Literature Press.
MyCos Research College. (2020). National Undergraduate Employment Report in 2020(1st ed). Wang, B. & Chen, Y. Beijing: Social Science Literature Press.
MyCos Research College. (2021). National Undergraduate Employment Report in 2021(1st ed). Wang, B., Wu, Y. & Wang, M. Beijing: Social Science Literature Press.
MyCos Research College. (2022). National Undergraduate Employment Report in 2022(1st ed). Wang, B. & Wang, M. Beijing: Social Science Literature Press.
Nguyen, P. H., Tsai, J. F., Nguyen, H. P., Nguyen, V. T., & Dao, T. K. (2020). Assessing the unemployment problem using a grey MCDM model under Covid-19 impacts: A case analysis from Vietnam. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 53-62.
Okun, A. M. (1962). Potential gnp: its measurement and significance. in Proceedings of the Business and Economics Stats Section.
Piva, M., & Vivarelli, M. (2018). Technological change and employment: is Europe ready for the challenge?. Eurasian Business Review, 8(1), 13-32.
Razak, M. I. M., Ahmad, I., & De Mello, G. (2014). Factors Influencing Unemployment Among Graduates in Malaysia. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.
Shumin, G., Mengmeng, C. (2022). Research on the impact effect of delayed retirement on youth employment[J]. Commercial Economy. 2022(19).
Singh, M. K., & Neog, Y. (2020). Contagion effect of COVID?19 outbreak: Another recipe for disaster on Indian economy. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(4), e2171.
Xian, Z., Ni, Z. (2023). Old Problems and New Trends: High Youth Unemployment Rate and Difficulty in Employment of College Students[J]). China Reform(01), 39-44.
Xing, C., Yang, P., & Li, Z. (2018). The medium-run effect of China's higher education expansion on the unemployment of college graduates. China Economic Review, 51, 181-193.
Wang Pingping. (2023). Wang Pingping: Employment situation generally stable in the first half of the year. Retrieved from
http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/202307/18/t20230718_38635344.shtml
Zhang, Z., & Guo, C. (2015). University-based nonprofit education in China. Journal of Nonprofit Education and Leadership, 5(4), 289-304.
Zhang, X., Liu, F., Wang, H., & Nazir, R. (2023). Influence of ecological innovation and green energy investment on unemployment in China: evidence from advanced quantile approach. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2).

(Huang et al., 2024)
Huang, H., Karim, A. M., Adaikalam, J., & Chen, Z. (2024). Study on the Factors Affecting University Graduates Unemployment Problem in China: Literature Review Approach. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(1), 553–567.