Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Open and Distance Learning (ODL) During Movement Control Order (MCO): Conceptualising the Relationships between Self-Efficacy, Learning Motivation and Performance of Higher Learning Education Students

Hasnizawati Hashim, Nor Aziah Abd. Kadir, Fazreena Mansor, Muhammad Zainuddin Mohamed Azudin

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i8/7530

Open access

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented impact to the whole world, including the learning style used at the tertiary education level. Universities are urged to apply open and distance learning (ODL) during the movement control order (MCO) in pursuing their lessons. Despite advancements in technology, ODL during MCO has its unexpected consequences based on some technical and personal challenges that students have encountered. This paper proposes examining students’ academic performance based on the Social Cognitive theory (SCT). To better explain this model, the MCO period was used as the context of this study to bring new insight on education implementation and acceptance. This paper concludes with implications for future research and applications for academicians.

Ajayi, I. A. (1999). Analysis of Teachers’ Job Performance and Secondary School Students Achievement and their Relationship. African Journal of Educational Research, 5(2), 85 – 98.
Allam, S. N. S., Hassan, M. S., Mohideen, R. S., Ramlan, A. F., & Kamal, R. M. (2020). Online Distance Learning Readiness During Covid-19 Outbreak Among Undergraduate Students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(5), 575–590. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i5/7236
Almaiah, M. A., Al-Khasawneh, A., & Althunibat, A. (2020). Exploring the critical challenges and factors influencing the E-learning system usage during COVID-19 pandemic. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10219-y
Ayub, N. (2010). Effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on academic performance. Pakistan business review, 8, 363-372.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thoughts and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice Hall
Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117-148.https://doi.org/10.1207/ s15326985ep2802_3
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman
Bank, C., and Finlapson, W. (1980). Successful Motivation of Students in Academic Activities in McClelland, D.C. Appleton-Century-Crafts.
Bodkyn, C., & Stevens, F. (2015). Self-directed learning, intrinsic motivation and student performance. The Caribbean Teaching Scholar, 5(2).
Burger, K., & Samuel, R. (2017). The role of perceived stress and self-efficacy in young people’s life satisfaction: A longitudinal study. Journal of youth and adolescence, 46(1), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0608-x
Chung, E., Noor, N. M., & Mathew, V. N. (2020). Are You Ready? An Assessment of Online Learning Readiness among University Students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(1), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v9-i1/7128
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Malaysia. (2020). https://www.who.int/malaysia
Drysdale, M. T., & McBeath, M. (2018). Motivation, self-efficacy and learning strategies of university students participating in work-integrated learning. Journal of Education and Work, 31(5-6), 478-488.
Elias, H., Mahyuddin, R., Noordin, N., Abdullah, M. C., & Roslan, S. (2009). Self-Efficacy Beliefs of At-Risk Students in Malaysian Secondary Schools. International Journal of Learning, 16(4).
Esmaeili, L., Sohrabi, N., Mehryar, A. H., & Khayyer, M. (2019). A Causal Model of Motivational Beliefs with the Mediating Role of Academic Hope on Academic Self-Efficacy in High School Students. Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Journal, 1(3), 179-185.
Fakari, F. R., Kordi, M., Mazloom, S. R., Khadivzadeh, T., Tara, M., & Akhlaghi, F. (2015). Comparing the effect of traditional, web based and simulation training on midwifery students' clinical competence in postpartum hemorrhage management. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 25(123), 65-77.
Gonzalez, T., de la Rubia, M. A., Hincz, K. P., Comas-Lopez, M., Subirats, L., Fort, S., & Sacha, G. M. (2020). Influence of COVID-19 confinement in students performance in higher education. 1–25. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09545
Gopalan, V., Bakar, J. A. A., Zulkifli, A. N., Alwi, A., & Mat, R. C. (2017). A review of the motivation theories in learning. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1891 (October 2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5005376
Hasanah, U., Alizamar, A., Marjohan, M., & Engkizar, E. (2019). The Effect of Self Efficacy and Parent Support on Learning Motivation in Management Business Students in Padang's Private Vocational School. KONSELI: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling (E-Journal), 6(2), 133-140.
Husain, U. K. (2014). Relationship between self-efficacy and academic motivation. In International Conference on Economics, Education and Humanities (ICEEH'14) (pp. 10-11).
Hussin, S., Manap, M. R., Amir, Z., & Krish, P. (2012). Mobile learning readiness among Malaysian students at higher learning institutes. Asian Social Science, 8(12), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n12p276
Jacob, S., & Radhai, S. (2016). Trends in ICT e-learning: Challenges and expectations. International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 5(2), 196-201.
Jian, Q. (2019). Effects of digital flipped classroom teaching method integrated cooperative learning model on learning motivation and outcome. The Electronic Library. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-02-2019-0024.
Joo, Y. J., Bong, M., & Choi, H. (2000). Self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, academic self-efficacy, and Internets self-efficacy in web-based. Educational Technology, Research and Development, 48(2) 5-17
Kearns, L. (2012). Student Assessment in Online Learning: Challenges and Effective Practices. Jolt.Merlot.Org, 8(3), 198–208. http://jolt.merlot.org/vol8no3/kearns_0912.htm
Kenny, R. F., & Zhang, Z. (2010). Learning in an Online Distance Education Course?: Experiences of Three International Students. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 11(1), 17–36.
Kheirkhah, M., Joghi, Z. Z., Jalal, E. J., & Haghani, H. (2017). The relationship between self-efficacy and motivation among midwifery students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 9(1), 29-37.
Khor, V., Arunasalam, A., Azli, S., Khairul-Asri, M. G., & Fahmy, O. (2020). Experience from Malaysia During the COVID-19 Movement Control Order. Urology, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.070
Lepper, M. R., Corpus, J. H., & Iyengar, S. S. (2005). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations in the classroom: Age differences and academic correlates. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(2), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.97.2.184
Lin, M. H., Chen, H. C., & Liu, K. S. (2017). A study of the effects of digital learning on learning motivation and learning outcome. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3553-3564.
Makransky, G., Bonde, M. T., Wulff, J. S., Wandall, J., Hood, M., Creed, P. A., Bache, I., Silahtaroglu, A., & Nørremølle, A. (2016). Simulation based virtual learning environment in medical genetics counseling: an example of bridging the gap between theory and practice in medical education. BMC medical education, 16(1), 1-9.
Nachmias, R. (2002). A research framework for the study of a campus-wide Web-based academic instruction project. The Internet and higher education, 5(3), 213-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(02)00103-3
Nizam, N. I., Gao, S., Li, M., Mohamed, H., & Wang, G. (2020). Scheme for Cheating Prevention in Online Exams during Social Distancing. Preprints, April. https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS202004.0327.V1
Noraini, B., Yusuf, M., & Ahmad, J. (2020). Are we Prepared Enough?? A Case Study Of Challenges In Online Learning In A Private Higher Learning Institution During The Covid-19 Outbreaks. 7(5), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.75.8211.
Park, K. H., Park, K. H., & Chae, S. J. (2018). Experiences of medical teachers in flipped learning for medical students: a phenomenological study. Korean journal of medical education, 30(2), 91. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2018.84.
Rau, P. L. P., Gao, Q., & Wu, L. M. (2008). Using mobile communication technology in high school education: Motivation, pressure, and learning performance. Computers and Education, 50(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2006.03.008.
Raza, S. A., Qazi, W., & Umer, B. (2019). Examining the impact of case-based learning on student engagement, learning motivation and learning performance among university students. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 12(3), 517–533. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-05-2019-0105.
Riswanto, A., & Aryani, S. (2017). Learning motivation and student achievement?: description analysis and relationships both. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 2(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.23916/002017026010.
Robbins, S. B., Lauver, K., Le, H., Davis, D., Langley, R., & Carlstrom, A. (2004). Do Psychosocial and Study Skill Factors Predict College Outcomes? A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 130(2), 261–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.261.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary educational psychology, 25(1), 54-67.
https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020.
Samuel, R., & Burger, K. (2019). Negative life events, self-efficacy and social support: Risk and protective factors for school dropout intentions and dropout. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/edu0000406.
Schunk, D. H., & Usher, E. L. (2012). Social cognitive theory and motivation. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399820.013.0002.
Skinner, E. A., & Belmont, M. J. (1993). Motivation in the classroom: Reciprocal effects of teacher behavior and student engagement across the school year. Journal of educational psychology, 85(4), 571. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.85.4.571.
Stemler, S. E. (2012). What should university admissions tests predict? Educational Psychologist, 47(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2011.61144
Sun, L., Tang, Y., & Zuo, W. (2020). Coronavirus pushes education online. Nature Materials, 19(June), 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0678-8.
Timmis, S., Broadfoot, P., Sutherland, R., & Oldfield, A. (2016). Rethinking assessment in a digital age: opportunities, challenges and risks. British Educational Research Journal, 42(3), 454–476. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3215.
Tinto, V. (1987). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. University of Chicago Press, 5801 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.
Tohidi, H., & Jabbari, M. M. (2012). The effects of motivation in education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31(2011), 820–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.148.
Walberg, H. J., Fraser, B. J., & Welch, W. W. (1986). A test of a model of educational productivity among senior high school students. The Journal of Educational Research, 79(3), 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1986.10885664.
Wong, K. T., Hwang, G. J., Choo, G. P. S., & Arrif, M. S. K. (2020). Effects of blended learning pedagogical practices on students’ motivation and autonomy for the teaching of short stories in upper secondary English. Interactive Learning Environments, 28(4), 512-525. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1542318.
Yeoh, A. (2020). MCO: Telcos to offer free 1GB data daily from April 1, here’s what you should know. The Star.
Yusuf, M. (2011). The impact of self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and self-regulated learning strategies on students’ academic achievement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2623-2626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.158.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. New York: Academic Press.

In-Text Citation: (Hashim et al., 2020)
To Cite this Article: Hashim, H., Kadir, N. A. A., Mansor, F., & Azudin, M. Z. M. (2020). Open and Distance Learning (ODL) During Movement Control Order (MCO): Conceptualising the Relationships between Self-Efficacy, Learning Motivation and Performance of Higher Learning Education Students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(8), 258–269.