Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Stakeholders’ Perception of University Social Responsibility Initiatives: A Qualitative Approach

Zakiah Abdul Ghafor Omar, Asmawati Asas, Tak Jie Chan

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v11-i2/12321

Open access

University social responsibility (USR) has emerged as a prominent research area to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Today, universities need to be ethical in their operations to retain as well as attract potential stakeholders. However, the study of USR remains understudied as it is a newly emerging concept which differentiated from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This research aims to explore the understanding of university stakeholders’ perception of USR and its initiatives. This study utilized a qualitative and interpretive design and obtains data from 8 participants through purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview was conducted to explore the perceptions of students and lecturers at a private university. Two themes have emerged which are understanding (student & lecturer perspective) and initiatives (society, environment, and personal development). The results showed that the participants have some awareness toward the USR initiatives made by the university through education, social, and philanthropy, however, it is found that the term USR is not well-known by the students as they were more acquainted with the term CSR. In addition, the efforts of implementing personal growth to students provide positive results. Students at the university further state that USR has improved their mindsets to be more socially responsible in their daily lives. Conclusion, implications, and suggestions for future study were also discussed.

Adhabi, E., & Anozie, C. B. (2017). Literature review for the type of interview in qualitative research. International Journal of Education, 9(3), 86-97. doi:10.5296/ije.v9i3.11483
Ahmad, A. R., & Farley, A. (2014). Funding reforms in Malaysian public universities from the perspective of strategic planning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 105 – 110. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.654
Ahmad, J. (2012). Can a university act as a corporate social responsibility (CSR) driver? An analysis. Social Responsibility Journal, 8(1), 77-86. doi:10.1108/17471111211196584
Ali, I., & Ali, M. (2016). University students' perceptions of social responsibility initiatives by universities in Pakistan. Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(5), 130-140. doi:10.5539/JSD.V9N5P130
Ali, M., Mustapha, T. I., Osman, S. B., & Hassan, U. (2020). University social responsibility (USR): An evolution of the concept and its thematic. Journal of Cleaner Production, 286, 1-43. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124931
Ayala-Rodríguez, N., Barreto, I., Ossandón, G. R., Castro, A., & Moreno, S. (2019). Social transcultural representations about the concept of university social responsibility. Studies in Higher Education, 44(2), 245-259. doi:10.1080/03075079.2017.1359248
Azungah, T. (2018). Qualitative research: Deductive and inductive approaches to data analysis. Qualitative Research Journal, 18(4), 383-400. doi:10.1108/QRJ-D-18-00035
Boddy, C. R. (2016). Sample size for qualitative research. Qualitative Market Research, 19(4), 426-432. doi:10.1108/QMR-06-2016-0053
Bokhari, A. A. (2017). Universities’ social responsibility (USR) and sustainable development: A conceptual framework. SSRG International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 4(12), 1-9. doi:10.14445/23939125/IJEMS-V4I12P102
Borkowski, S., Welsh, M., & Wentzel, K. (2010). Johnson and Johnson: A model for sustainability reporting. Strategic Finance, 92(10), 29-37.
Cabrera, J. J., Mera, B. D., & Benavides, K. (2018). University social responsibility from the perspective of the different stakeholders. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 14(4), 220-230. doi:10.17265/1548-6583/2018.04.006
Chan, T. J., & Huam, H. T. (2019). Predictors of reputation through university social responsibility practices in a Malaysian private university: The customer’s perspective. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 35(3), 316-333. doi: 10.17576/JKMJC-2019-3503-19
Chan, T. J., Huam, H. T., & Sade, A. B. (2021). Students’ perceptions on the university social responsibilities of a Malaysian private university: Does gender matter? International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(9), 1460–1473. doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i9/10754
Chen, S.-H., Nasongkhla, J., & Donaldson, J. A. (2015). University social responsibility (USR): Identifying an ethical foundation within higher education institutions. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 14(4), 165-172.
Coelho, M., & Menezes, I. (2020). University social responsibility as a driving force of change: Students’ perceptions beyond the ivory tower. On the Horizon, 28(2), 93-100. doi:10.1108/OTH-02-2020-0005
Coelho, M., & Menezes, I. (2021). University social responsibility, service learning, and students' personal, professional, and civic education. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 1-8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.617300
Coombs, T., & Holladay, S. (2015). CSR as crisis risk: Expanding how we conceptualize the relationship. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 20(2), 144-162. doi:10.1108/CCIJ-10-2013-0078
Cropley, A. (2019). Qualitative research methods: A practice-oriented introduction for students of psychology and education. Riga: University of Hamburg.
EPU. (2021). Sustainable development goals. Retrieved May 12, 2021, from Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department:
https://www.epu.gov.my/en/sustainable-development-goals
Gallardo-Vázquez, D., Folgado-Fernández, J. A., Folgado-Fernández, J. A., & Valdez-Juárez, L. E. (2020). Social responsibility attitudes and behaviors’ influence on university students’ satisfaction. Social Science, 9(8), 1-21. doi:10.3390/socsci9020008
Giuffré, L., & Ratto, S. E. (2014). A new paradigm in higher education: university social responsibility (USR). Education, Human Development, 3(1), 231-238.
Jorge, M. L., & Peña, F. J. A. (2017). Analysing the literature on university social responsibility: A review of selected higher education journals. Higher Education Quarterly, 71(4), 302-319. doi: 10.1111/hequ.12122
Ismail, T. H. (2019). Does Egyptian universities’ disclosure on social responsibility enhance sustainable development? Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences, 2(2), 81-99. doi:10.1108/JHASS-08-2019-0042
Ismail, Z., & Shujaat, N. (2019). CSR in universities: A case study on internal stakeholder perception of university social. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 6(1), 75-90. doi:10.14738/assrj.61.5256.
Kouatli, I. (2018). The contemporary definition of university social responsibility with quantifiable sustainability. Social Responsibility Journal, 15(7), 888-90. doi:10.1108/SRJ-10-2017-0210
Kouatli, I. (2019). The need for social and academic responsibility advisor (SARA): A catalyst toward the sustainability of educational institutes. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(8), 1275-1291. doi:10.1108/SRJ-04-2019-0151
Latif, K. F. (2017). The development and validation of stakeholder-based scale for measuring university social responsibility (USR). Social Indicators Research, 140, 511-547. doi:10.1007/s11205-017-1794-y
Lee, T. H. (2016). The status of corporate social responsibility research in public relations: A content analysis of published articles in eleven scholarly journals from 1980 To 2015. Public Relations Review, 43(1), 211-218. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2016.10.001
Lozano, R. (2011). The state of sustainability reporting in universities. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 12(1), 67-78. doi:10.1108/14676371111098311
Meseguer-Sánchez, V., Abad-Segura, E., Belmonte-Ureña, L. J., & Molina-Moreno, V. (2020). Examining the research evolution on the socio-economic and environmental dimensions on university social responsibility. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health, 17(3), 1-30. doi:10.3390/ijerph17134729
Miotto, G., & Rom-Rodríguez, J. (2017). CSR in business schools: A theoretical framework. Conference: 10th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation - ICERI2017 Proceedings (pp. 1410-1419). Sevilla: Ramon Llull University.
Mphepya, M. S. (2018). An exploration of experiences of students with physical impairments in higher institutions of learning: University of Pretoria and University of Limpopo. Ga-Rankuwa: Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University. Retrieved May 13 2021, from https://repository.smu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/20.500.12308/588/MOENYANE%20SANNIE%20MPHEPYA%20201218674.pdf?sequence=1
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Method, 16(1), 1-13. doi:10.1177/1609406917733847
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 42(5), 533-544. doi:10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Plungpongpan, J., Tiangsoongnern, L., & Speece, M. (2016). University social responsibility and brand image of private universities in Bangkok. International Journal of Educational Management, 30(4), 571-591. doi:10.1108/IJEM-10-2014-0136
Rafidi, R. (2019). Varsities act on universal goals. Retrieved May 12, 2021, from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/education/2019/09/520508/varsities-act-universal-goals
Rahman, A. (2018). Corporate social responsibility in higher education: A study of the institutionalisation of CSR in Malaysian public universities. Christchurch: University of Canterbury.
Rahman, A. A., Castka, P., & Love, T. (2019). Corporate social responsibility in higher education: A study of the institutionalisation of CSR in Malaysian public universities. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(4), 916-928. doi:10.1002/csr.1731
Ramos?Monge, E. L., Audet, X. L., & Martínez, J. B. (2017). Universities as corporate entities: the role of social responsibility in their strategic management. In O. L. Emeagwali, Corporate Governance and Strategic Decision Making (pp. 199-215). London: IntechOpen. doi:10.5772/intechopen.69931
Ryan, F., Coughlan, M., & Cronin, P. (2009). Interviewing in qualitative research. The one-to-one interview. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 16(6), 309-314. doi:10.12968/ijtr.2009.16
Saunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B. B., & Jinks, C. (2018). Saturation in qualitative research: Exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality and Quantity, 4, 1893–1907. doi:10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8
Shaari, R., Sarip, A., Rajab, A., & Zakaria, W. Z. (2018). The impact of university social responsibility towards producing good citizenship: Evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 7, 374-382. doi:10.33844/ijol.2018.60183
Sousa, J. C., Siqueira, E. S., Binotto, E., & Nobre, L. H. (2020). University social responsibility: perceptions and advances. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(2), 1-19. doi:10.1108/SRJ-10-2017-0199
Tauginiene, L., & Urbanovic, J. (2018). Social responsibility in transition of stakeholders: from the school to the university. Stakeholders, Governance and Responsibility Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility, 14, 143-163. doi:10.1108/S2043-052320180000014007
UN. (2021). Sustainable development goal 4: quality education. Retrieved May 12, 2021, from United Nations in Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei Darussalam: https://malaysia.un.org/en/sdgs/4
Vázquez, J. L., Lanero, A., & Aza, C. L. (2015). Students’ experiences of university social responsibility and perceptions of satisfaction and quality of service. Ekonomski Vjesnik, 28, 25-39. Retrieved May 12, 2021, from https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/ekonomski-vjesnik/article/view/3091
Wigmore-Alvarez, A., Ruiz-Lozano, M, & Fernández-Fernández, J. L. (2020). Management of university social responsibility in business schools. An exploratory study. International Journal of Management Education, 18(2), 100382. doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100382
Zhang, Z., Chan, T. J., & Tee, K. K. (2020). The influence of corporate social responsibility practices, customer satisfaction and corporate image of mobile service industry. Journal of Critical Review, 7(19), 7177-7190. doi: 10.31838/jcr.07.19.826

In-Text Citation: (Omar et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Omar, Z. A. G., Asas, A., & Chan, T. J. (2022). Stakeholders’ Perception of University Social Responsibility Initiatives: A Qualitative Approach. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(2), 1–15.