ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
Islamophobia is on the rise in the West, and the spread of it through Western media content has alarmed Muslims around the world including in Malaysia. Islam as a religion peace has been described as a religion that promotes violence. Anti-Islamic sentiment and its adherents increased drastically in Europe, such as Germany, France and the United Kingdom, causing tensions in the communities in those areas. The awarding of Qatar, a Muslim country, to host 2022 FIFA World Cup is the recent example of the case in point. Hence, this paper explores Islamophobia issues in Malaysia and the West from the views of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia’s students, i.e., knowledge, contributing factors, effects on Muslims, and ways to overcome Islamophobia. A quantitative survey questionnaire was disseminated online to the students and 60 of them responded. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method. Results indicate that the students’ were knowledgeable about Islamophobia, and they viewed the Western mainstream media as the major factor contributing to the rise of Islamophobia. The students agreed that Muslims in the West received bad treatments as the effects of Islamophobia, and the most effective way to overcome Islamophobia is through the use of online and social media.
Allen, C. (2007). Islamophobia and its Consequences. In S. Amghar, A. Boubekeur, & Michael Emerson (Eds.). European Islam. Challenges for Public Policy and Society (pp. 144-167). CEPS Centre for European Policy Studies.
Awan, I., & Zempi, I. (2020). A Working Definition of Islamophobia. United Nations. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Religion/Islamophobia-AntiMuslim/Civil%20Society%20or%20Individuals/ProfAwan-2.pdf
Aziz, S. A. (2019). Mengatasi Terorisme dan Islamophobia: Satu Kajian Terhadap Novel Demi Allah, Aku Jadi Teroris. Kemanusiaan, 26(2), 1-23.
Cainkar, L. A. (2009). Homeland Insecurity: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11. United States, Russell Sage Foundation.
d'Appollonia, A. C., & Reich, S. (Eds.). (2010). Managing Ethnic Diversity After 9/11: Integration, Security, and Civil Liberties in Transatlantic Perspective. United States, Rutgers University Press.
Dun, S. (2014). No beer, no way! Football fan identity enactment won't mix with Muslim beliefs in the Qatar 2022 World Cup. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 6(2), 186-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2014.925256
Esposito, J. L., & Kalin, I. (Eds.). (2011). Islamophobia: The Challenge of Pluralism in the 21st Century. Oxford University Press.
Gallup. (2011). Islamophobia: Understanding Anti-Muslim Sentiment in the West. World. https://news.gallup.com/poll/157082/islamophobia-understanding-anti-muslim-sentiment-west.aspx
Hasan, Z. (2013). Memahami Isu Islamofobia: Antara persepsi dan Realiti. BLOG OF KNOWLEDGE (Shari'ah, Law, Islamic Finance and Muslim News). https://zulkiflihasan.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/memahami-isu-islamophobia1.pdf
Istriyani, R., & Yuliatun. (2016). Media: Causes and Strategies to Overcome Islamophobia (Psychological and Sociological Study). Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies, 4(2), 201-217.
Khamis, S. (2018). American-Muslims’ E-Jihad: Trumping Islamophobia in the Trump Era. Cyber Orient, 12(1), 87-94. https://cyberorient.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/04/CyberOrient_Vol_12_Iss_1_FULL_ISSUE.pdf#page=87
Larsson, K. (2010). Sweden and Anti-Muslim Hysteria. Arches Quarterly, 4(7), 70-73. http://thecordobafoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/arches_vol_4_edition_7.pdf#page=14
Lee, K. T., Meri, A., Othman, S. S., & Nayan, L. M. (2018). Wacana Islamofobia Dalam Media Malaysia: Obligasi, Isu-isu dan Cabaran. Jurnal Komunikasi Borneo, 6(Edisi Khas Konvokesyen UMS ke-20), 8-20. https://doi.org/10.51200/jkob.v0i0.1574
Mohamad, M. (1997). Islam: The Misunderstood Religion. Islamic Studies, 36(4), 691-700. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23076041
Osman, M. N. (2019). Islamophobia in Muslim Majority Societies: The Confluence of Race and Religion in Understanding Islamophobia in Malaysia. New York, Routledge.
Pujiati, T., & Mubarok, Y. (2022). Indonesian Online Media Strategy in Preventing Islamophobia during Pandemic Era. The Proceedings of English Language Teaching, Literature, and Translation (ELTLT), 10(1), 106–120.
https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.php/eltlt/article/view/1309
Ramli, A. F., Awang, J., & Rahman, Z. A. (2020). Identifying Islamophobia in Malaysian Buddhist Context. Al-Itq?n Journal of Islamic Sciences and Comparative Studies, 4(2), 85-108.
Saloojee, Z. (2005). Islamophobia Issues, Challenges, and Action: A Report by the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia by Hugh Muir and Laura Smith, researchers Robin Richardson, ed. (Stoke on Trent, UK: Trentham Books, 2004. 92 pages.). American Journal of Islam and Society, 22(2), 99-102. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i2.1709
Safian, Y. H. M., Shamsuddin, N. F., Musa, Z. M., Salleh, M. M. M., & Ahmad, N. M. (2020). Perkembangan Trend Gejala Islamofobia di Negara Majoriti Bukan Islam: Satu Analisa. E-Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference of the Postgraduate Students and Academics in Syariah and Law 2020 (INPAC 2020), 210-220. USIM, Selangor. https://oarep.usim.edu.my/jspui/bitstream/123456789/16350/1/Perkembangan%20Trend%20Gejala%20Islamofobia%20Di%20Negara%20Majoriti%20Bukan%20Islam_Satu%20Analisa.pdf
Siah, P., Low, S., Anis, M. N., Tan, S., Tan, T., & Nainee, S. (2022). Islamophobia Among Malaysian non-Muslim Indian Undergraduate Students: A Focus group Study. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 26(1), 37-
43. https://doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.3171121
The Runnymede Trust. (1997). Islamophobia: A Challenge for Us All. Britain: The Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia. https://assets.website-files.com/61488f992b58e687f1108c7c/617bfd6cf1456219c2c4bc5c_islamophobia.pdf
The Runnymede Trust. (2017). Islamophobia: Still A Challenge for Us All. Britain: The Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia. https://assets.website-files.com/61488f992b58e687f1108c7c/61bcd30e26cca7688f7a5808_Islamophobia%20Report%202018%20FINAL.pdf
In-Text Citation: (Razamin et al., 2023)
To Cite this Article: Razamin, M. M., Raselan, K. A., Rozmi, M. A. H. M., Azmi, M. A. A. M., Nasir, F. N. M., Awang, J., Anor, W. N. B. W., Azlan, S., Jalaluddin, N., Kassin, N. A. M., Hassan, W. Z. W., & Yaacob, M. (2023). Students’ Views of the Contributing Factors, Effects and Ways to Overcome Islamophobia in Malaysia and the West. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(2), 514–527.
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode