ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
The Quran including the Qiro?t Qur?niyah is an authentic source of naqli in the formulation of the Arabic grammatical rules together with the Hadith and expressions of native Arabs. However, it was found that several uses of this resource language is seen to contradict with the grammatical rules drawn by Arab grammarians. This situation resulted in various reactions and negative interpretations amongst the past scholars of Arab syntax, not to mention from orientalists such as ‘Abdallah ‘Abd al-Fadi in his book “Is the Qur’an Infallible?”, which claimed that there are grammatical errors in the Islamic holy book. Therefore, to answer these allegations, an Arabic linguistic approach was proposed by adapting Prince and McCathy's Optimality Theory (OT) based on the main principle that grammatical rules are not mandatory, but are contraints that can either be obeyed or refuted. After the adaptation process, two types of optimality were classified in the ungrammatical Arabic resource language structure framework which were Usage Optimality and Grammatical Optimality. It measures the extent to which the level of grammar or sentence structure diverge or conform to the elements of optimality (aqli). Through this analysis, the language struture will also be supported with other types of Arabic materials from other sources (naqli) to identify if the grammar violation is related to the process of Arabic language development, as is the case with other languages of its group (Semitic Languages), or involves semantic elements/meaning that the speaker wishes to convey to the target audience. Hence, it is hoped that this approach will become a linguistic analysis approach that is friendlier to the nature of language, to harmonise the viewpoints and negative interpretations toward the use of ungramatical Arabic resource language, to then answer negative perceptions of the orientalists or the claims made about the weaknesses and errors of grammar in the Al-Quran.
‘Amayirah, I.A. (2001). Al-Mustashriqun wa Nazhoriyyatuhum fi Nashah Al-Dirasaat Al-Lughawiyyah Al-Árabiyyah. Ámman: Dar Wael.
‘Azzuz, M.A. (2001). Mawqif Al-Lughawiyyin min Al-Qiroaat Al-Quraniyyah Al-Shazzah. Beirut: ‘Alam Al-Kutub.
Ababneh, Y. (2018). Al-Lughatul Al-‘Arabiyyah baina Al-Qawaídiyyah wa Al-Mutabaqqi fi dhau Nazariyyah Al-Afdhaliyyah. Irbid: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Thaqafi.
Ababneh, Y. (2018). Al-Shahid fi Al-Dars Al-Nahw Al-‘Arabiy. Irbid: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Thaqafi.
Ababneh, Y. (2018). Qiroah Zaid bin Ali. Irbid: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Thaqafi.
Abd Tawwab, R. (n.d). Al-Arabiyyah Al-Fusha wa Al-Quran Al-Karim Amama Al-Álmaniyyah wa Al-Istishraq. Al-Qaherah: Maktabah Zahra’Al-Sharq.
Abdelgelil, M. F. M., Daud, N. B., Omar, N. B., Ismail, F. Z. B., & Wahab, A. H. B. A. (2018). Taujeeh Al-Qira’at Using Qur’an, Hadith and Poetry according to Ibn Zanjalah. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(10), 371–379.
Abdelgelil. M.F.M., Hassan. A., Yusof. N.H., Idris. M.F.H, Hasan. A.F & Ramadan. (2020) A.A, Defending the Quran in the Study of Tawjeeh Al-Qira’at, International Journal of Management, 11(10), 101-104.
Abu Al-Haija’, Y. (2003). Athar Al-Qaedah Al-Nahwiyyah fi Tatwi’ Al-Shahid Al-Mubarrid Namuzajan. Irbid: ‘Alam Al-Kutub Al-Hadith.
Ahmad, A.M., Saleh, M.H., & Mohamed Nor, Z. (2020). Peranan Hadith Dalam Ilmu Taujihqiraat: Analisis Terhadap Kitab Hujjah Al-Qiraat Karangan Ibn Zanjalah. Journal of Ma’alim al-Quran wa al-Sunnah, 16 (2), 90-101.
Khalil, H. (1980). Al-‘Arabiyyah wa ‘Ilm Al-Lughah Al-Binyawi Dirasah fi Al-Fikr Al-Lughawi Al-‘Arabiy Al-Hadith. Al-Iskandariyah: Dar Al-Ma’rifah Al-Jami’iyyah.
McCarthy, J. (2002). A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Musling, M.N. (2019). Al-Qawaidiyyah Wa Ánasir Al-Afdhaliyyah fi Shahid Al-Hadith Al-Sharif. Irbid: ‘Alam Al-Kutub Al-Hadith.
Musling, M.N. (2022). A Phonological Structure of Dual and Sal?mah Plural: Contemporary Linguistic Description For Non-Arabic Learners. IJAZ ARABI: Journal of Arabic Learning. 5(3), 608-633.
Prince, A. & Smolensky, P. (2004). Optimality Theory Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Malden: Blackwell Publication.
Tidjani, A. (2014). Klarifikasi Al-Darwîsh Atas Pandangan Orientalis Tentang Kontradiksi Ayatal-Qur’an Dengan Kaidah Nahw. Mutawâtir: Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadis. 4 (1), 139-162.
Wajih, M.A.M. (2019). The Role of Arabic Grammar in Understanding and Appreciating the Qur'an. Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 21 (1), 169-198.
(Musling & Razak, 2023)
Musling, M. N., & Razak, Z. R. A. (2023). Arabic Linguistics of OT as Analytical Approach for Grammatical Error in Quran: A Preliminary Concept. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(4), 1487-1494.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode