Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Identifying Grammar Learning Strategies among Rural Upper Primary ESL Students: Insights from Low-Enrolment Schools

Anderson Nopis, Alisha Javrylnna Arip, Elvatasha Felicity Gopining, Ricky John Boston, Veronica Dexter Sudok, Harwati Hashim

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i3/21817

Open access

The regulations of language, commonly referred to as grammar, hold a significant role in ensuring the precision of both verbal and non-verbal communication. Specific individuals acquire a new language effortlessly, whereas others encounter challenges. The varying speeds of language acquisition can be attributed to their diverse learning strategies. Past research has revealed how learners in rural primary schools acquired their Language Learning Strategies (LLS) in grammar knowledge. Still, more needs to be conducted on the learners' preferred Language Learning Strategies (LLS) in the rural low-enrolment primary schools in Sabah and Sarawak. Therefore, this study employed the Grammar Learning Strategy Inventory (GLSI). This inventory consists of 70 statements, each rated on a 5-point Likert scale, to identify, analyse, and explore the language learning strategies (LLS) commonly employed by learners in rural low-enrollment primary schools in Sabah and Sarawak for learning English grammar. A survey was conducted among 40 pupils selected through purposive sampling. Data collection included administering questionnaires in class, and analysis was performed using SPSS Version 29 to calculate the percentage and mean for each strategy. The research findings revealed that social strategy is the predominant language learning strategy for English grammar among students attending low-enrolment primary schools in Sarawak and Sabah.

Asman, J., Poobalan, G., Mustapha, M,., Talip, R., Padan, R., Kaliappan, S., Ali, S. A. S.
& Aris, A. M. (2022). Factors Affecting Teacher Workload in Low-Enrollment Schools: A Survey of Sarawak State Schools, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development. 12(4).
Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v12-14/19541
Aziz, A. A., & Kashinathan, S. (2021). ESL Learners’ Challenges in Speaking English in Malaysian Classroom. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 10(2), 983 - 991
Brown, H. D. (1980). Principles and Practices of Language Learning and Teaching. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
Bruffee, K. A. (1999). Collaborative Learning: Higher Education, Interdependence, and the Authority of Knowledge (2nd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press
Cahyani, R., Abdullah, M., & Komara, C. (2022). The Investigation of English Grammar Learning Strategy on High, Middle and Low Achievers’ Students in Indonesia. 3(2), 54-63
Chamot, A. U. (1987). The Learning Strategies of ESL Students in A. Wenden & J. Rubin (eds) Learner Strategies in Language Learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice Hall. 71-83
Crystal, D. (2003). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge University Press
Dutta, S., & Mukherjee, N. (2019). Importance of Grammar in Learning English as a
Second Language. International Journal of English Learning and Teaching Skills, 1(1), pp 71-76(6) Doi: https://doi.org/10/15864/ijelts.1112
Ellis, R. (2005). Instructed Second Language Acquisition: A Literature Review. Language Teaching, 38(4), 357-366
Ellis, R. (2008). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford University Press.
Feng, H. (2023). Scaffolding Teaching Approach to Foster Cooperation in English Teaching Strategy. International Journal of Social Science and Research, 1(1), 4 Griffiths, C. (2004). Language Learning Strategies: Theory and Research. Available
from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268413776
Hardan, A. A. (2013). Language Learning Strategies: A General Overview. Procedia -
Social and Behavioural Sciences, 106, 1712 - 1726. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.194
Juniar, R., & Carissa, D. (2020). A Survey of Grammar Learning Strategies used by EFL Students in Indonesia. International Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 2(1), 160-171. https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijeap/article/view/8495
Kaur, A., & Metom, S. (2017). Ethnic diversity in Sabah: A study of over 40 ethnic Groups including the Kadazan-Dusun, Murut, and Bajau. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 44(3), 321-339.
KPM. (2018). Malaysia Education Blueprint: The Roadmap 2015-2025. Putrajaya, Ministry of Education Malaysia
Lee, L. (2020). Schoolwide Strategies for Promoting a Love of Reading. Edutopia: George Lucas Educational Foundation
Lestary, M., & Wahyudin, A. (2020). Language Learning Strategies of Undergraduate EFL Students. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning (JELTL), 1(1), 25-30
Lim, T. M., Sze, D. W. L., Raki, D., Lim, L. M., Sani, S., & Hashim, H. (2021). Year 6 Pupils
Language Learning Strategies in Learning English Grammar. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(4), 1196 - 1209
Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (2013). How Languages Are Learned. Oxford University Press.
Magogwe, J. M., & Oliver, R. (2007). The Relationship Between Language Learning Strategies, Proficiency, Age & Self-Efficacy Beliefs: A Study of Language Learners in Botswana. System, 35, 338 - 352
Mering, S. (2016). The diverse population of Sarawak: An exploration of indigenous groups including the Iban, Bidayuh, and Orang Ulu. Borneo Research Journal, 10(2), 145-162
Nation, P. (2001). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. (2002). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. Longman.
O’Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. (1990). Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. Boston, MA. Heinle & Heinle
Oxford, R. L. (2017). Teaching and Researching Language Learning Strategies: Self-regulation in Context. New York & London: Routledge
Pawlak, M. (2008). Advanced Learners’ Use of Strategies of Learning Grammar: A Diary Study. In Pawlak (eds), Investigating English Language Learning and Teaching, pp 109 - 125. Poznan-Kalisz: Adam Mickiewicz University Press
Pawlak, M. (2018). Grammar Learning Strategy Inventory: Another Look, Studies in Language Learning and Teaching, 8, 361 - 379
Pawley, A., & Syder, F. H. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency. In J. Richards & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and Communication (pp. 191–226). Longman.
Rafiq, K. R. M., Hashim, H., Yunus, M. M., & Pariah, F. N. (2019). Gamified-Learning to teach ESL Grammar: Students’ Perspective. Religación Revista de Ciencies Sociales y Humanidades, 4 (20), 24 - 29
Rubin, J. (1987). Learner Strategies: Theoretical Assumption, Research Theory & Typology. In A. Wenden & J. Rubin. (Eds). Learner Strategies in Language Learning. Pp. 15 -30. Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall
Rivera-Wills, S. V., & Plonsky, L. (2007). Empowering Students with Language Learning Strategies: A Critical Review of Current Issues. Foreign Language Annals. 40 (3), pp 535 - 548
Rossiter, A. (2021). The Importance of Grammar. A Descriptive Grammar of English - KDP 2020. Available from https://linguapress.com/grammar/importance-of-grammar.htm
Salleh, R. T., Bias, B. D., & Ramlan, W. N. (2020). The Acquisition of English Grammar Among Malay-English Bilingual Primary School Children. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 20 (4), 166 - 185
Slavin, R. E. (1996). Research on Cooperative Learning and Achievement: What We Know, What We Need to Know. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21(1), 43–69.
Thornbury, S. (2002). How to Teach Vocabulary. Pearson Education.
Wenden, A., Rubin, J. (1987). Learner Strategies in Language Learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
William, M. & Burden, R. (1997). Psychology for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Yaccob, N. S., & Yunus, M. M. (2019). Language Games in Teaching and Learning
English Grammar: A Literature Review. Arab World English Journal, 10 (1) 209 - 217. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol10no1.18

(Nopis et al., 2024)
Nopis, A., Arip, A. J., Gopining, E. F., Boston, R. J., Sudok, V. D., & Hashim, H. (2024). Identifying Grammar Learning Strategies among Rural Upper Primary ESL Students: Insights from Low-Enrolment Schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(3), 408–425.