Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Speech Act Analysis of Facebook Status Updates among Young Iraqis

Imad Amer Abdulbaqi, Wan Farah Wani Wan Fakhruddin

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i3/21905

Open access

The emergence of social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat, has revolutionized interpersonal communication. These platforms connect people, allowing them to receive encouragement and engage in various forms of verbal interactions. Speech acts, encompassing a wide range of linguistic activities, have become prevalent in online communication. People use words not only to express themselves but also to influence others and prompt specific actions. Speech acts play a crucial role in understanding language use in virtual environments. This paper aims to explore the analysis of speech acts in Facebook status updates among young Iraqis. By examining the types, motivations, and impact of speech acts, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of communication patterns in virtual environments. The study focuses on the challenges and issues associated with the language used in speech acts by young Iraqis on Facebook. The investigation of speech acts in Facebook status updates among young Iraqis is particularly relevant due to the widespread use of social media platforms in the region. By shedding light on speech act analysis, this research provides valuable insights into language use and communication dynamics in the digital age. It contributes to the theoretical foundations of speech acts and their application in computer-mediated communication. In conclusion, this paper offers insights into the speech act analysis of Facebook status updates among young Iraqis. By addressing the challenges specific to the context of Facebook and examining the impact of speech acts on social interaction, this study advances our understanding of communication in virtual environments.

Ab Rashid, R., Yahaya, M. F., Rahman, M. F. A., & Yunus, K. (2016). Teachers’ informal learning via social networking technology. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Online), 11(10), 76.
Abdalhadi, H., Al-Khawaldeh, N., Al Huneety, A., & Mashaqba, B. (2023). A corpus-based pragmatic analysis of Jordanians Facebook status updates during COVID-19. Ampersand, 10, 100099.
Ahmed, A. H. (2017). The pragmatics of apology speech act behaviour in Iraqi Arabic and English.
Ajabshir, Z. F. (2019). The effect of synchronous and asynchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) on EFL learners' pragmatic competence. Computers in Human Behavior, 92, 169-177.
Al-Azawei, A. (2018). Predicting the adoption of social media: An integrated model and empirical study on Facebook usage. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 13, 233-258.
Al-Azawei, A., & Al-Azawi, R. (2021, February). Evaluating Facebook success in Iraq: An extension of the DeLone and McLean’s model of information systems success (ISS). In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1804, No. 1, p. 012114). IOP Publishing.
Al-Hilu, M. J. (2020). THE USE OF METAPHOR IN IRAQI COMPLIMENTS: A CULTURE–BASED STUDY. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(7), 8245-8264.
Ali, A. H., & Al-Ahbabi, I. S. A. (2022). A Pragmatic Study of Speech Acts in Iraqi and American Parliamentary Electioneering Campaign Posters. Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities, 29(10, 2), 1-21.
Ali, S. A. (2020). Gender and Supportive Moves of Criticism: Evidence from Iraqi-Arabic and Malay Speech Communities. Journal of the College of Languages (JCL), (42), 27-50.
Aljasir, S., Bajnaid, A., Elyas, T., & Alnawasrah, M. (2017). Themes of Facebook status updates and levels of online disclosure: The case of university students. International Journal of Business Administration, 8(7), 80-97.
Aljuboori, A. F., Fashakh, A. M., & Bayat, O. (2020). The impacts of social media on University students in Iraq. Egyptian Informatics Journal, 21(3), 139-144.
Al-Khazaali, M. A. R. (2021). Influence of Socio-Cultural Aspects on the Production of Main Speech Acts in Mohammed Mahdi Al-Jawahiri's Poem'O Sir! Inspire me. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies, 21(1).
Al-Rawi, A. (2020). Women's activism and new media in the Arab world. State University of New York Press.
Austin, J. L. (1975). How to do things with words. Harvard university press.
Awl, D. (2011). Facebook me: A guide to socializing and promoting on Facebook. California: Peachpit Press.
Banikalef, A. A. A., & Bataineh, K. B. (2017). A sociolinguistic study of speech act realization patterns in Jordanians’ Facebook status updates. International Journal of Linguistics, 9(3), 264-283.
Bataineh, A., and N. Hussein. "The effect of using webcam chat on the undergraduate EFL students' pragmatic competence." International Journal of education. ISSIN 1948-4576. VO. 7. NO 2 (2015).
Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of computer?mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.
Buechel, E. C., & Berger, J. (2018). Microblogging and the value of undirected communication. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28(1), 40-55.
Carr, C. T., Schrock, D. B., & Dauterman, P. (2012). Speech acts within Facebook status messages. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 31(2), 176-196
Castillo de Mesa, J., Gómez-Jacinto, L., López Peláez, A., & Erro-Garcés, A. (2020). Social networking sites and youth transition: The use of Facebook and personal well-being of social work young graduates. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 230.
Chau, D., & Lee, C. (2021). “See you soon! ADD OIL AR!”: Code-switching for face-work in edu-social Facebook groups. Journal of Pragmatics, 184, 18-28.
Choi, J., Jung, J., & Lee, S. W. (2013). What causes users to switch from a local to a global social network site? The cultural, social, economic, and motivational factors of Facebook’s globalization. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2665-2673.
Chuang, Y. W. (2020). Promoting consumer engagement in online communities through virtual experience and social identity. Sustainability, 12(3), 855.
Dhir, A., Kaur, P., & Rajala, R. (2018). Why do young people tag photos on social networking sites? Explaining user intentions. International Journal of Information Management, 38(1), 117-127.
Elttayef, A. I., & Hussein, N. O. (2017). Arab learners’ problems in learning English language: A teacher perspective. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 40(9), 1-6.
Facebook, “Facebook statistics,” 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://newsroom.fb.com/companyinfo/. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2018]
Frost, R. L., & Rickwood, D. J. (2017). A systematic review of the mental health outcomes associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 576-600.
Gribach, S. V., Sibul, V. V., & Kolosovskaya, E. V. (2019). Self-representation through social network status messages: Psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and gender aspects. Training, Language and Culture, 3(4), 56-64.
Gunter, S. K. (2009). Sams teach yourself Facebook in 10 minutes. Sams Publishing.
Hammadi, S. S. (2019). An Inter-language Pragmatic Study of Request Acts by Iraqi and Turkish EFL Learners: A Comparative Study. Midad Al-Adab Refreed Journal, 1(17), 823-844.
Hernández, L. P. (2013). Illocutionary constructions:(multiple source)-in-target metonymies, illocutionary ICMs, and specification links. Language & communication, 33(2), 128-149.
Hess, T., Matt, C., Benlian, A., & Wiesböck, F. (2020). Options for formulating a digital transformation strategy. In Strategic information management (pp. 151-173). Routledge.
Heyd, T. (2021). Tertiary orality? New approaches to spoken CMC. Anglistik, 32(2), 131-147.
Hussein, N. O., & Elttayef, A. I. (2017). The effect of using authentic materials on developing undergraduate EFL students' communicative competence. Retrieved October, 34, 2019.
Hussein, N., & Albakri, I. (2019). Iraqi learners’ problems in learning speech act of request in EFL classroom. Journal of Education and Practice. ISSN, 2222, 1735.
Jabber, K. W. (2020). Speech acts of genuine invitations in iraqi arabic: A socio-pragmatic study. Misan Journal of Academic Studies, 19(38), 213-233.
Kane, G. C., Alavi, M., Labianca, G., & Borgatti, S. P. (2014). What’s different about social media networks? A framework and research agenda. MIS quarterly, 38(1), 275-304.
Karamalak, O. A., & Pozhidaeva, E. V. (2019). Linguistic and cultural aspects of relationship status on Facebook and Vkontakte. Heliyon, 5(11).
Kenrick, D. T., Griskevicius, V., Neuberg, S. L., & Schaller, M. (2010). Renovating the pyramid of needs: Contemporary extensions built upon ancient foundations. Perspectives on psychological science, 5(3), 292-314.
Khalaf, Yasmeen Mohamed Rezk Ahmed Khalaf. 2019. “A Pragmatic Analysis of the Language of Facebook Posts and Status Updates.” ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 1(8):1–40
Koester, Almut Josepha. "The performance of speech acts in workplace conversations and the teaching of communicative functions." System 30, no. 2 (2002): 167-184.
Kokkinos, C. M., & Saripanidis, I. (2017). A lifestyle exposure perspective of victimization through Facebook among university students. Do individual differences matter? Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 235-245.
Kovacs, T. (2021). A survey of American speech-language pathologists' perspectives on augmentative and alternative communication assessment and intervention across language domains. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 30(3), 1038-1048.
Kunc, N. (1992). The need to belong: Rediscovering Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Kwon, M. W., D’Angelo, J., & McLeod, D. M. (2013). Facebook use and social capital: To bond, to bridge, or to escape. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 33(1-2), 35-43.
Lee, S. Y., & Atkinson, L. (2019). Never easy to say “sorry”: Exploring the interplay of crisis involvement, brand image, and message appeal in developing effective corporate apologies. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 178-188.
Maslow, A. H. (1958). A Dynamic Theory of Human Motivation.
Meinl, M. E. (2013). Electronic complaints: an empirical study on British English and German complaints on eBay (Vol. 18). Frank & Timme GmbH.
Mey, J. (1993). Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell,Ltd..
Mohamad, A., Rashid, R. A., Yunus, K., Abdul Rahman, S. B., Darus, S., Musa, R., & Mat Teh, K. S. (2017). Discourse analysis on newspaper reports of apostasy cases. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 16(48), 96-111.
Mohamad, A., Rashid, R. A., Yunus, K., Rahman, S. B., Darus, S., Musa, R., & Teh, K. S. (2018). Speech acts in the Facebook status updates posted by an apostate. International Journal of English Linguistics, 8(4), 226.
Mohamad, M., Ali, M. M., Ismail, R., & Lias, S. M. (2017). Ex-Muslims and Freedom of Religion in Malaysia: A Legal and Anthropological Analysis. Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture, 5(2), 8-17.
Mohammed, A. A. M. (2020). Investigating the Use of the Speech Act of Invitation by Iraqi EFL Non-Departmental Students. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????, 28(6), 13-26.?
Mohanlal, S., Sharada, B. A., Fatihi, A. R., Gusain, L., Bayer, J. M., Ravichandran, S. M., ... & Thirumalai, S. (2013). A speech act analysis of status updates on Facebook: The case of Ghanaian university students.
Montag, C., Sindermann, C., Lester, D., & Davis, K. L. (2020). Linking individual differences in satisfaction with each of Maslow's needs to the Big Five personality traits and Panksepp's primary emotional systems. Heliyon, 6(7).
Nesrine, G., Sara, L., & Belhadi, S. (2019). Computer mediated communication and vocabulary learning: The case of Facebook. Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature, 6(2), 98-116.
Odoh, P. O., & Ugwu, F. O. (2018). Examining the Relationships between Perceived Social Presence, Narcissism, Gender and Frequency of Text Messaging. Journal of Psychology and Sociological Studies, 2(1).
Rasheeda, N. J. (2020). A pragmatic analysis of the speech act of request among Iraqi EFL students. language, 12(12).
Raza, S. A., Qazi, W., Shah, N., Qureshi, M. A., Qaiser, S., & Ali, R. (2020). Drivers of intensive Facebook usage among university students: An implications of U&G and TPB theories. Technology in Society, 62, 101331.
Rosari, M. (2020). The Speech Act of Request in Computer-Mediated Communication. Deskripsi Bahasa. 3. 1-8. 10.22146/db. v3i1.395.
Rozgonjuk, D., Davis, K. L., & Montag, C. (2021). The roles of primary emotional systems and need satisfaction in problematic Internet and smartphone use: a network perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 709805.
Santa María, L., Aliagas, C., & Rutten, K. (2022). Youth’s literary socialisation practices online: A systematic review of research. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 34, 100628
Sariyska, R., Lachmann, B., Cheng, C., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Pace, A., ... & Montag, C. (2018). The motivation for Facebook use–Is it a matter of bonding or control over others?. Journal of Individual Differences.
Schreiner, M., Fischer, T., & Riedl, R. (2021). Impact of content characteristics and emotion on behavioral engagement in social media: literature review and research agenda. Electronic Commerce Research, 21, 329-345.
Searle, J. (1979). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, B. (2003). The use of communication strategies in computer-mediated communication. System, 31(1), 29-53.
Stangl, F. J., Riedl, R., Kiemeswenger, R., & Montag, C. (2023). Negative psychological and physiological effects of social networking site use: The example of Facebook. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1141663.
Statista. (2022a). Average daily time spent on selected social networks by adults in the United States from 2017 to 2022, by platform (in minutes). Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/324267/us-adults-daily-facebook-minutes/ [Accessed November 28, 2022].
Statista. (2022d). Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 3rd quarter 2022 (in millions). Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/ [Accessed November 28, 2022].
Sun, Y., Wang, G., & Feng, H. (2021). Linguistic studies on social media: A bibliometric analysis. Sage Open, 11(3), 21582440211047572.
Teo, T. (2016). Modelling Facebook usage among university students in Thailand: the role of emotional attachment in an extended technology acceptance model. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(4), 745-757.
Tsoumou, J. M. (2020). Analyzing speech acts in politically related Facebook communication. Journal of Pragmatics, 167, 80-97.
Tuhai, O. (2022). Typological peculiarities of illocutionary speech acts: a historical perspective. Cogito-Multidisciplinary research Journal, (3), 266-294.
Turki, H. Y., Juma’a, Q. H., & Al-Kubaisy, A. A. (2020). A Cross-Sectional Study of Refusal Speech Act Used by Iraqi Undergraduate Students: of English in Relation to the Academic Level. Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 166-173.
Zhao, L., Lu, Y., Wang, B., Chau, P. Y., & Zhang, L. (2012). Cultivating the sense of belonging and motivating user participation in virtual communities: A social capital perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 32(6), 574-588.

(Abdulbaqi & Fakhruddin, 2024)
Abdulbaqi, I. A., & Fakhruddin, W. F. W. W. (2024). Speech Act Analysis of Facebook Status Updates among Young Iraqis. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(3), 1472–1488.