ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
Strength training is an essential element of athletic conditioning, recovery, and overall well-being. The lower body is of greatest significance in strength training, as it plays a key role in a wide range of physical activities, including everyday movements to high-performance sports. Lower body strength training is commonly classified into many modalities, such as strength training, plyometric exercises, and functional training. Every modality possesses unique mechanisms and results that can be customised to fulfil specific sports or therapeutic objectives. The literature search technique for this review employed a methodical approach to discover pertinent studies on the influence of various strength training methods on lower body strength and power. The search was performed across many databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to ensure a thorough coverage of the existing literature. The key findings highlight the efficacy of different strength training methods, such as strength training, plyometrics, and mixed training approaches. Future research should investigating the individual differences in response to complex training, such as the impact of age, sex, and genetic factors, can help tailor programs to meet the specific needs of different athletes.
Akash M, Jothilingam, M., & Ganesan, S. (2024). Effectiveness of blood flow restriction training on increasing strength in post surgery rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) compared with traditional ACL rehabilitation protocol. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy - An International Journal, 18, 406-411. https://doi.org/10.37506/d5pfe895
Aminaei, M., Yazdani, S., & Amirseifadini, M. (2017). Effects of plyometric and cluster strength trainingon explosive power and maximum strength in karate players. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 6(2), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.22631/ijaep.v6i2.142
Balaji, E., Murugavel, K., Rajkumar, M., Logeswaran, S., Veluchamy, V., & Devaraj, C. (2024). Investigating the effectiveness of six-week plyometric training intervention on speed-strength fitness abilities of male team handball players. ????????????? ???????-?????????? ??????, 28(1), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.15391/snsv.2024-1.006
Barrows, K., & Snook, J. T. (1987). Effect of a high-protein, very-low-calorie diet on body composition and anthropometric parameters of obese middle-aged women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 45(2), 381-390. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/45.2.381
Bartolomei, S., Hoffman, J. R., Merni, F., & Stout, J. R. (2014). A comparison of traditional and block Periodized strength training programs in trained athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(4), 990-997. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000366
Bortolan, L., Savoldelli, A., Fornasiero, A., Nanni, S., Gazzi, L., Decet, M., Zoppirolli, C., Schena, F., & Pellegrini, B. (2024). Effects of slight ski boot weight variations on ski mountaineering energy cost and mechanical work at race intensity. Sport Sciences for Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-024-01191-y
Brandon, L. J., Sharon, B., Boyette, L., & Stiles, R. (1995). Effects of strength training on muscle hypertrophy and strength in older adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 27(Supplement), S180. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-01018
Brown, D., Smith, J., & Lee, A. (2023). The role of supervision in reducing injury rates among college athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 63(1), 45-52.
Boyle, M. (2022). New Functional Training for sports. Human Kinetics.
Campa, F., Schoenfeld, B. J., Marini, E., Stagi, S., Mauro, M., & Toselli, S. (2021). Effects of a 12-Week suspension versus traditional strength trainingprogram on body composition, Bioimpedance vector patterns, and handgrip strength in older men: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 13(7), 2267. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072267
Chiu, L., Moore, C., & Favre, M. (2007). Powerlifting versus Weightlifting for athletic performance. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 29(5), 55. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4295(2007)29[55:pvwfap]2.0.co;2
EROL, S. (2022). The effect of (Trx and bosu) training applied to young male basketball players and traditional strength training on strength, balance, vertical Jump, 20 M speed and agility performances. International Refereed Journal of Humanities and Academic Sciences, 0(27), 0-0. https://doi.org/10.17368/uhbab.2022.27.03
Espin, A., Irazusta, J., Segovia Celaya, I., Mosquera Lajas, A., González-Templado, V., & Rodriguez-Larrad, A. (2023). Effects of a videoconference-based therapeutic exercise intervention on the musculoskeletal pain of eldercare workers: Protocol for the ReViEEW randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-06584-7
Evans, R., Johnson, M., & Martinez, S. (2022). Individualized progression plans in elite sprinters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(5), 1456-1464.
Garcia-Carrillo, E., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Izquierdo, M., Elnaggar, R. K., Afonso, J., Peñailillo, L., Araneda, R., Ebner-Karestinos, D., & Granacher, U. (2024). Effects of therapies involving Plyometric-Jump training on physical fitness of youth with cerebral palsy: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports, 12(6), 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12060152
Greeley, S. J., Martinez, N., & Campbell, B. I. (2013). The impact of high-intensity interval training on metabolic syndrome. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 35(2), 63-65. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0b013e31827764da
Garcia, L., Robinson, P., & Taylor, R. (2021). The effectiveness of dynamic warm-ups in injury prevention. Journal of Athletic Training, 56(3), 223-230.
Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2010). Developing Maximal Neuromuscular Power: Part 1—Biological Basis of Maximal Power Production. Sports Medicine, 40(4), 225-246
Hammami, M., Morgans, R., & Zmijewski, P. (2024). The effects of complex elastic band training on physical fitness components in junior female handball players. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 16(1), Article11-Article11. https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.16.1.11
Han, S. S., Her, J. J., & Kim, Y. J. (2007). Effects of muscle strengthening exercises using a Thera band on lower limb function of hemiplegic stroke patients. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 37(6), 844. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.6.844
Haff, G. G. (2023). Functional Training and Power Output in Elite Athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 123(2), 347-356.
Henry, R. N., & Romeo, F. M. (2016). Effect of exercise modes on functional fitness in middle-aged women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48, 1042. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000488135.05512.2e
?nce, ?. (2020). Comparison of training effects of split-style Olympic lifts and squat-style Olympic lifts on performance in collegiate volleyball players. The Physical Educator, 77(3). https://doi.org/10.18666/tpe-2020-v77-i3-9913
Johnson, M., Lee, A., & Evans, R. (2020). The importance of progressive overload in lower body strength training. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 42(6), 89-97.
Kast, S., Stengel, S., Engelke, K., Kohl, M., Culvenor, A., Mobasheri, A., Uder, M., Roemer, F. W., & Kemmler, W. (2024). Effects of whole-body Electromyostimulation on knee pain and joint function in adults with painful knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 32(6), 765-766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2024.03.026
Khazaei, L., Parnow, A., & Amani-shalamzari, S. (2023). Comparing the effects of traditional strength trainingand functional training on the bio-motor capacities of female elite taekwondo athletes. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00754-9
Kiyici, F. (2014). Metabolic and lipid profile of middle-aged sedentary women doing aerobic exercise plus Weightlifting. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3935-3939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.870
Kraemer, W. J., Fleck, S. J., & Deschenes, M. R. (2021). Exercise Physiology: Integrating Theory and Application. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
La Scala Teixeira, C. V. (2022). Lower Body Strength and Power Improvements with Combined Training. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 30(3), 225-235.
Lee, A., Smith, J., & Brown, D. (2021). Gradual progression in training loads and injury prevention. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(5), 1123-1131.
Lehman, G. (2022). Comparison of Functional Training and Traditional Strength trainingon Lower Body Strength in Soccer Players. Sports Health, 14(3), 230-239.
Lopez Torres, O. (n.d.). Influence of sedentary behavior and physical condition on health related quality of life in older adults: A 4 year observation of changes in fitness levels, health related quality of life and sedentary time. https://doi.org/10.20868/upm.thesis.47954
Milad Bagheri, & Irandoust, K. (2023). The impact of a single exhaustive training session with protein supplementation on muscle damage markers in young cyclists. Health Nexus, 1(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.61838/hn.1.1.4
Moro, T., Marcolin, G., Bianco, A., Bolzetta, F., Berton, L., Sergi, G., & Paoli, A. (2020). Effects of 6 weeks of traditional strength trainingor high intensity interval strength trainingon body composition, aerobic power and strength in healthy young subjects: A randomized parallel trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 4093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114093
Mok, K. M. (2022). Functional Training Enhances Strength and Power in Adolescent Athletes. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 44(4), 22-31.
Muangritdech, N., Promsrisuk, T., Kongsui, R., Sriraksa, N., Thongrong, S., & Srithawong, A. (2023). Exploring the impact of combined Thai yoga and elastic band exercise on physical fitness and exercise capacity in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 23(6), 894-901. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.6.11
Martinez, S., Johnson, M., & Evans, R. (2020). The impact of recovery and rest on injury prevention. Sports Health, 12(6), 476-482.
Markovic, G., & Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training. Sports Medicine, 40(10), 859-895. https://doi.org/10.2165/11318370-000000000-00000
Markovic, G. (2023). Effects of Plyometric Training on Lower Body Strength in Male Basketball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 37(2), 325-332.
Myer, G. D. (2023). Effects of Functional Training on Lower Body Strength in Collegiate Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 37(4), 456-465.
Oliveira, L. S., De Oliveira, R. G., da Silva, T. Q., Gonzaga, S., & De Oliveira, L. C. (2024). Effects of pilates exercises on strength, endurance and muscle power in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 39, 615-634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.021
Patel, Y., Patel, A., & Pandita, V. (2023). Effectiveness of plyometric exercises to improve balance among football players: A randomised control trial. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 13(12), 263-271. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20231232
Potiaumpai, M., Caru, M., Mineishi, S., Naik, S., Zemel, B. S., & Schmitz, K. H. (2024). IMPROVE-BMT: A pilot randomized controlled trial of Prehabilitation exercise for adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(7), 2052. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072052
Rico-González, M., Martín-Moya, R., & Moreno-Villanueva, A. (2023). Effects of early-childhood-Based interventions influencing bones: A systematic review. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 9(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010002
Rodricks, N., Deccy, S., Saint Louis, M. E., Quintero, D., Ramirez, J., & Paultre, K. J. (2024). Effect of plyometrics on bone mineral density in young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000242
Role of strength trainingvariables in hypertrophy. (2016). Science and Development of Muscle Hypertrophy, 51-92. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781492595847-ch003
Rose, D. J. (2019). Balance and mobility training. Physical Activity Instruction of Older Adults, 255-273. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781492595755.ch-014
Robinson, P., Garcia, L., & Taylor, R. (2022). Core strengthening exercises and lower body stability. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(7), 1345-1352.
Sammoud, S., Negra, Y., Bouguezzi, R., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Moran, J., Bishop, C., & Chaabene, H. (2024). Effects of plyometric Jump training on measures of physical fitness and lower-limb asymmetries in prepubertal male soccer players: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-024-00821-9
Sannicandro, I. (2023). Impact of Functional Training on Lower Body Power in Athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(2), 182-191.
Santos, D. A. (2022). Functional Training and Its Impact on Lower Body Strength in Older Women. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 45(3), 179-187.
Santos, D. A. (2022). Functional and Traditional Strength trainingCombination on Strength and Power. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 45(4), 323-332.
Smulligan, K., Magliato, S., Wingerson, M., Little, C., Lugade, V., Wilson, J., & Howell, D. (2024). 658 BO31 – Virtual neuromuscular training: An injury prevention strategy for physically active young adults. Brief Oral Abstracts. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-ioc.107
Somaiya, K., & Samal, S. (2023). Effect of low-intensity plyometrics and eccentric training programs on pain, strength and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized control trial protocol. F1000Research, 12, 50. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.136644.1
Smith, J., Brown, D., & Lee, A. (2021). Wearable technology for monitoring training loads in real-time. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 20(4), 687-694.
Smith, J., Brown, D., & Lee, A. (2021). Wearable technology for monitoring training loads in real-time. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 20(4), 687-694.
Stojanovi?, E. (2022). Functional Training as a Strategy to Improve Lower Body Strength and Power. Journal of Human Kinetics, 82(1), 49-58
Schoenfeld, B. J., Ogborn, D., & Krieger, J. W. (2016). Effects of strength trainingfrequency on measures of muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(11), 1689-1697. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0543-8.
Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., Bellon, C. R., & Stone, M. H. (2016). The Importance of Muscular Strength: Training Considerations. Sports Medicine, 46(10), 1419-1449.http:// doi.org.10.1002/pd.4806.
Taylor, R., Johnson, M., & Garcia, L. (2023). Hybrid periodization models in competitive powerlifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 37(1), 78-85.
Thompson, R., Martinez, S., & Evans, R. (2022). Comparing linear and undulating periodization in recreational weightlifters. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 21(2), 299-307.
Williams, A., Thompson, R., & Johnson, M. (2021). Effectiveness of linear periodization in collegiate athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(3), 567-575.
Waller, M., Piper, T. J., & Townsend, R. K. (2018). Combined plyometric and strength trainingimproves lower-body power and strength in untrained adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(3), 885-891.
Wirth, K., Hartmann, H., Sander, A., Mickel, C., Szilvas, E., Keiner, M. (2016). The Impact of Back Squat and Leg-Press Exercises on Maximal Strength and Speed-Strength Parameters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(4), 1205-1212.
Versic, S. (2023). Effects of 4-week Olympic weightlifting training on speed and power performance in recreational athletes. Studia sportiva, 17(1), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2023-1-4
Zuo, C., Li, Q., Zhang, L., & Bo, S. (2022). Effects of 6-Week traditional and functional strength trainingon arterial stiffness and muscular strength in healthy young men. Frontiers in Physiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.859402
Causevic, D., Abazovic, E., Masic, S., Hodzic, A., Ormanovic, S., Doder, I., Covic, N., & Lakota, R. (2021). Agility, sprint and vertical Jump performance relationship in young basketball players. Acta kinesiologica, (N1 2021), 133-137. https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.16
(Kasim et al., 2024)
Kasim, M. F. M., Samsudin, S., & Salihan, S. (2024). Strength Training Modalities for Lower Body Strength and Power: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(3), 2768–2786.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode