Open Distance Learning (ODL) has emerged as an essential educational approach, particularly in postgraduate studies, owing to its flexibility and accessibility. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscored its importance in sustaining higher education. This study systematically reviews the implementation of ODL programs in Malaysia, focusing on postgraduate education, to address the increasing demand for alternative learning modes. Utilizing databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, the review synthesizes findings from the last five years. The study identifies several enablers of ODL expansion, including technological advancements and supportive government policies. However, challenges persist, such as inconsistent internet access, high costs of digital devices, and the need for faculty to adapt traditional curricula to online formats. Furthermore, maintaining student engagement and motivation remains a significant obstacle, necessitating continuous professional development for faculty in online pedagogy. Quality assurance, particularly concerning academic integrity and effective online assessments, has led to the introduction of e-proctoring systems. This paper suggests that Malaysian institutions must prioritize investments in technological infrastructure, standardize ODL practices, and enhance faculty training to ensure sustainable program quality. Future research should explore innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence and learning analytics to optimize student experiences and outcomes. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders to advance ODL in Malaysia.
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