ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
The shift from the Integrated Secondary School Curriculum (KBSM) to the Secondary School Standard Curriculum (KSSM) curriculum in 2017 aims to equip students with 21st-century skills and knowledge. One newly introduced subject is Computer Science Basic for junior high school students. This study investigates expert perspectives on developing a technology-integrated B-CompThink module in the initial phase using the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach. Data collection involved structured interviews and document analysis with three experienced CSB teachers selected through targeted sampling. The study highlights four themes of module development needs from teachers’ perspectives. The first theme addresses teachers' competence, noting a lack of exposure to Computer Science Basics topics and limited training. The second theme concerns the complexity of Computer Science Basics textbook content, which challenges new teachers and hinders effective classroom support. The third theme highlights limited teaching and learning materials available for classroom and lab use. Finally, the fourth theme emphasizes the importance of technology integration in learning, especially for real-world applications. Computational thinking is essential for 21st-century skills in technology and engineering.
Ahmed, H. N., Pasha, A. R., & Malik, M. (2021). role of teacher training programs in optimizing teacher motivation and professional development skills. Bulletin of Education and Research, 43(2), 17–37.
Angraini, L. M., Yolanda, F., & Muhammad, I. (2023). Augmented reality: The improvement of computational thinking based on students’ initial mathematical ability. International Journal of Instruction, 16(3), 1033–1054. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2023.16355a
Aris, M. A. M., & Mansor, R. (2023). STEM based teaching and learning module development for year 5 plant topics. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v12-i2/17349
Arnaiz-Sánchez, P., De Haro-Rodríguez, R., Caballero, C. M., & Martínez-Abellán, R. (2023). Barriers to Educational Inclusion in Initial Teacher Training. Societies, 13(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13020031
Baharin, N., & Osman, K. (2021). Kemahiran pemikiran komputasional: Perkembangan, kepentingan dan pengintegrasian. International Conference on Business Studies and Education (ICBE), March, 14–25.
Bao, W. (2020). COVID-19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(2), 113–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.191
Baškarada, S. (2014). Qualitative case study guidelines. The Qualitative Report, 19(40), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1008
Bayeck, R. Y. (2023). Understanding computational thinking in the gameplay of the African Songo board game. British Journal of Educational Technology, 55(1), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13353
Bilbao, J., García, O., Rebollar, C., Bravo, E., & Varela, C. (2021). Skills, attitudes, and concepts of computational thinking. Earth Sciences and Human Constructions, 1, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.37394/232024.2021.1.12
Chakraborty, P. (2024). Computer, computer science, and computational thinking: Relationship between the three concepts. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5044787
Chang, A., Ariffin, A., & Hashim, A. T. M. (2022). The needs analysis in developing a teaching activity model using a thinking map to improve future thinking skills in learning the Malay language in secondary schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(4), 712–721. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v11-i4/15903
Chedi, J. M. (2017). A preliminary review on needs analysis and Delphi technique: Effective tools for data collection. Journal of Asian Vocational Education and Training, 10, 44–52.
Chookhampaeng, C., Kamha, C., & Chookhampaeng, S. (2023). Problems and needs assessment for learning management of computational thinking of teachers at the lower secondary level. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 12(3), 172–178. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v12n3p172
Cornejo, G. E. (2022). Modular approach in teaching intermediate algebra among grade 8 students in Astorga National High School. International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics, 7(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20220701.11
Curriculum Development Division. (2016). Explanatory book for the secondary school standard curriculum (KSSM). In Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Ministry of Education Malaysia.
Deng, W., Guo, X., Cheng, W., & Zhang, W. (2022). Embodied design: A framework for teaching practices focused on the early development of computational thinking. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 31(2), 365–375. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22588
Dinoy, R. B., Beltran, R. A., Bulilan, R. S., Vito, M., Viodor, A. C., Monalim, J. A., & Ombajin, B. M. (2020). Needs assessment in Danahao Integrated School. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 5(6), 1985–1991. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.56.26
Dolgopolovas, V., Dagien?, V., Jasut?, E., & Jevsikova, T. (2019). Design science research for computational thinking in constructionist education: A pragmatist perspective. Problemos, 95, 144–159. https://doi.org/10.15388/Problemos.95.12
Hanid, M. F. A., Said, M. N. H. M., Yahaya, N., & Abdullah, Z. (2022). The elements of computational thinking in learning geometry by using augmented reality application. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (IJIM), 16(2), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i02.27295
Harimurti, R., Ekohariadi, Munoto, & Igp Asto, B. (2019). The concept of computational thinking toward Information and Communication Technology learning. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 535(1), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/535/1/012004
Harjanto, I., Teopilus, S., & Anggraini, K. (2024). Assisting school teachers in developing and implementing learning modules infused with computational thinking principles. Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA, 5(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.33394/jpu.v5i1.9595
Hobbs, L., & Porsch, R. (2021). Teaching out-of-field: Challenges for teacher education. European Journal of Teacher Education, 44(5), 601–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2021.1985280
Kaleem, M., Hassan, M. A., & Khurshid, S. K. (2024). A machine learning-based adaptive feedback system to enhance programming skills using computational thinking. IEEE Access, 12(2024), 59431–59440. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3391873
Kamha, C., & Chookhampaeng, C. (2023). Implementation of a curriculum to enhance learning management competency in computational thinking for the lower secondary teachers. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 12(3), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.5430/JCT.V12N3P35
Kassan, S., Fatt, L. K., & Meng, T. Y. (2016). Asas Sains Komputer Tingkatan 1. Percetakan Rina Sdn Bhd.
Liamputtong, P. (2014). Kaedah penyelidikan kualitatif (S. E. Mohd Riji, H.,& Ahmad (ed.)). Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.
Lin, P. H., & Chen, S. Y. (2020). Design and evaluation of a deep learning recommendation-based augmented reality system for teaching programming and computational thinking. IEEE Access, 8 (2020), 45689 - 45699. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2977679
Ling, U. L., Saibin, T. C., Labadin, J., & Aziz, N. A. (2017). Preliminary investigation: Teachers’ perception on computational thinking concepts. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 9(2–9), 23–29.
Llanillo, L. C., Pauya, C. D., Villaflor, J. R. S., Ningasca, A. S., & Ruaya, F. F. B. (2023). Modular learning platform implementation and cognitive skills development of senior high school students. Sumerianz Journal of Education, Linguistics and Literature, 6(64), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.47752/sjell.64.86.92
Mattaon, B. (1992). Models of personnel needs assessment. Department of Education.
McKillip, J. (1987). Identifying needs in: Need analysis. In SAGE Publications.
Mohamad, E. A., & Karim, A. A. (2023). Analisis keperluan: Pembangunan modul DrawMe (DM) dalam meningkatkan kemahiran matematik berayat sekolah rendah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 8(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v8i3.2151
Mohmad, A. F., & Maat, S. M. (2024). Implementation of computational thinking activities in teaching and learning of mathematics primary schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i3/20980
Omorkulov, A., Maripov, A., Eshbaev, M., Shakirov, K., Alieva, T., Toktorbaeva, E., Kadyrbaeva, T., & Abdullaeva, Z. (2021). Use of the graphic tablet in the art and educational university. Art and Design Review, 9(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.4236/adr.2021.91002
Padzil, M. R., Karim, A. A., & Husnin, H. (2021). Employing DDR to design and develop a flipped classroom and project-based learning module to apply design thinking in design and technology. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 12(9), 791-798. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120988
Papert, S. (1980). Children, Computer, and Powerful Ideas 2nd Edition. In Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. Basic Books.
Puganesri, K., & Puteh, S. (2019). Computer science education in Malaysian schools: The challenges of enhancing computational thinking skills. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(6S3), 441–444. https://doi.org/10.37394/232024.2021.1.12
Puteh, S., Maisarah, M., & Rosnawati, B. (2017). Employability skills mastery of special needs students at polytechnics. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 25(S), 41–46.
Qiu, T., Chen, M., Gao, S., Huang, J., Wang, W., Wang, L., & Li, H. (2024). Application effect study of a combination of TeamSTEPPS with modularization teaching in the context of clinical instruction in trauma care. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55509-4
Razali, R. M., & Ayob, A. (2018). Keberkesanan penggunaan modul interaktif terhadap pencapaian membaca murid pemulihan. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 3(19), 34–56. www.ijepc.com
Richardo, R., Dwiningrum, S. I. A., Wijaya, A., Retnawati, H., Wahyudi, A., Sholihah, D. A., & Hidayah, K. N. (2023). The impact of STEM attitudes and computational thinking on 21st-century via structural equation modelling. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 12(2), 571–578. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i2.24232
Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D. (2007). Design and development research. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Rusek, M., & Vosyková, L. (2021). Evaluation of Czech non-chemical vocational school chemistry textbooks’ text difficulty. Chemistry, Didactics, Ecology, Metrology, 26(1–2), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.2478/cdem-2021-0008
Saidin, N. D., Khalid, F., Martin, R., Kuppusamy, Y., & Munusamy, N. A. P. (2021). Benefits and challenges of applying computational thinking in education. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 11(5), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2021.11.5.1519
Saltali, N. D., Özmutlu, E. B., Ergan, S. N., Özsoy, G., & Korkmaz, Ö. (2023). An evaluation of the effect of activity-based computational thinking education on teachers: A case study. Participatory Educational Research, 10(2), 1–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.26.10.2
Sholihah, U., & Firdaus, A. I. (2023). Student’s computational thinking ability in solving trigonometry problems in the review of self-regulated learning. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(2), 626–633. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i2.2821
Simons, H. (2009). Evolution and Concept of Case Study Research. In Case Study Research in Practice (pp. 12–27). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446268322.n1
Siraj, S. (2013). Kurikulum masa depan (Edisi ke-2). Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Siraj, S., Abdullah, M. R. T. L., & Muhamad Rozkee, R. (2021). endekatan penyelidikan rekabentuk dan pembangunan: Aplikasi kepada penyelidikan pendidikan. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Sönmez, H. (2019). An examination of needs analysis research in the language education process. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 7(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.1p.8
Syafril, S., Rahayu, T., & Ganefri, G. (2022). Prospective science teachers’ self-confidence in computational thinking skills. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 11(1), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i1.33125
Talib, N., Yassin, S. F. M., & Nasir, M. K. M. (2016). Mengkaji pentaksiran pengaturcaraan komputer berdasarkan penyelesaian masalah kreatif menggunakan pendekatan “grounded theory. Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural Sciences, 5(1), 25–38.
Vazquez-Uscanga, E., Nussbaum, M., & Naranjo, I. (2025). Integrating unplugged computational thinking across curricula: A qualitative study of students’ and teachers’ perspectives. International Journal of Instruction, 18(1), 357–378.
Wang, C., Shen, J., & Chao, J. (2022). Integrating computational thinking in STEM education: A literature review. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 20(8), 1949–1972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-021-10227-5
Wang, F. (2018). Computer distance virtual experiment teaching application based on virtual reality technology. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 13(4), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i04.8472
Wing, J. M. (2008). Computational thinking and thinking about computing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 3717–3725. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0118
Yadav, A., Stephenson, C., & Hong, H. (2017). Computational thinking for teacher education. Communications of the ACM, 60(4), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1145/2994591
Yasin, A. A., Masri, R., Adnan, M., & Mohamed, F. (2021). Pembangunan model pedagogi STEM matematik berasaskan nilai dan akhlak di sekolah rendah: Satu analisis keperluan. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 11 (Specia(2021), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.37134/jpsmm.vol11.sp.4.2021
Zhong, B., Wang, Q., Chen, J., & Li, Y. (2016). An exploration of three-dimensional Integrated assessment for computational thinking. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 53(4), 562–590. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633115608444
Matulidi, N., Yasin, M., Ayub, A. F. M., & Mahat, J. (2025). Need Analysis of B-CompThinkT for the Basic Computational Thinking Concepts in Computer Science Basics. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 14(1), 188–205.
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode