Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Comparative Study of Factors Affecting the Performances of Soccer Referees: The Case of Oromia Soccer Higher League

Berhanu Tesema Guta

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v9-i4/7996

Open access

The primary purpose of this study was to compare factors affecting the performances of soccer referees in Oromia regional state soccer higher league. The research groups were composed of 68 referees group and 72 coaching staff carefully chosen using a comprehensive sampling technique. The data were collected using five options Likert scale analyzed and compared with statistical procedures in which the calculated mean, standard deviation, and t-test involved. In the process to obtain sample t-test output via (SPSS Vs.20), the p-value labeled as "Sig (2 tailed)" decision making, mental and physical demands, the skill of game management and psychological aspects of referees (P-value ? 047 > 0.000), indicated statistically significant differences, whereas, corruption and referees bias (P-value is 0.091), implying that there was no statistically significant difference at the level of 0.05. Conclusion from the investigation indicate that soccer referees have been implementing unfair decision making and pitiable quality of skill in-game management, exhibit bias in favor of home team, low level of psychological, mental and physical aspects observed while the soccer game was in progress. Therefore, the researcher recommended that an appropriate selection criterion set to recruit future referees to promote their technical, and performance related affairs of decision making and club managers, coaches, and players to be more careful with their testimonials during the game.

Anderson, N. H. (2008). Unified social cognition.New York. Psychology Press.
Bagnall, R. S., Brodersen, K., Champion, C. B., Erskine, A., & Huebner, S. R. (2013). The encyclopedia of ancient history (Vol. 1). Wiley-Blackwell.
Bar-Eli, M., Plessner, H., & Raab, M. (2011). Judgment, decision-making and success in sport. John Wiley & Sons.
Boyko, R. H., Boyko, A. R., & Boyko, M. G. (2007). Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English Premiership football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(11), 1185–1194.
Castagna, C., Abt, G., & D’Ottavio, S. (2007). Physiological aspects of soccer refereeing performance and training. Sports Medicine, 37(7), 625–646.
Catteeuw, P., Gilis, B., Wagemans, J., & Helsen, W. (2010). Offside decision making of assistant referees in the English Premier League: Impact of physical and perceptual-cognitive factors on match performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(5), 471–481.
Cei A. (1994). Arbitration psychology. Translated by: Kin A. J. Football Scientific Technolgy. 21-23.
Dell, C. M. G., & Rhind, D. A. (2014). Factors influencing soccer referee’s intentions to quit the game. Journal of Soccer and Society, 17(1).
Cengiz, R. P. A. (2004). Perspectives on the events fair play of the referees. Sports Philosophy and Social Sciences Symposium of Celal Bayar University.
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Free Riders and Zealots: The Role of Social Networks, Sociological Theory.
Dawson, P., & Dobson, S. (2010). The influence of social pressure and nationality on individual decisions: Evidence from the behaviour of referees. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(2), 181–191.
Dawson, P., Dobson, S., Goddard, J., & Wilson, J. (2007). Are football referees really biased and inconsistent?: evidence on the incidence of disciplinary sanction in the English Premier League. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 170(1), 231–250.
Dohmen, T. J. (2005). Social pressure influences decisions of individuals: Evidence from the behavior of football referees.
Dohmen, T. J. (2008). The influence of social forces: Evidence from the behavior of football referees. Economic Inquiry, 46(3), 411–424.
Dohmen, T., & Sauermann, J. (2015). Referee Bias. Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
Dosseville, F., & Laborde, S. (2011). Athletes’ expectations concerning officiating competence. European , . Journal of Sport Science, 448--450.
Elsworthy, N., Burke, D., & Dascombe, J. Ben. (2014). Factors relating to the decision-making performance of Australian football officials. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14(2), 401–410.
Federation International de Football Association. (2013). Laws of the game. Paper presented at 127th Annual General Meeting of the International Football Association Board (IFAB); Edinburgh, Scotland.
Folkesson, P., Nyberg, C., Archer, T., & Norlander, T. (2002). Soccer referees’ experience of threat and aggression: Effects of age, experience, and life orientation on outcome of coping strategy. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 28(4), 317–327.
Friman, M., Nyberg, C., & Norlander, T. (2004). Threats and aggression directed at soccer referees: An empirical phenomenological psychological study. The Qualitative Report, 9(4), 652–672.
Fruchart, E., & Carton, A. (2012). How Do Amateur Soccer Referees Destabilize a Match?. Psicólogica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 33(3), 435–449.
Johnson, J. (2016). Cognitive modeling of decision making in sports. Psychology of Sport and Exercise.
Garicano, L., Palacios-Huerta, I., & Prendergast, C. (2005). Favoritism under social pressure. Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(2), 208–216.
Goumas, C. (2014). Home advantage in Australian soccer. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(1), 119–123.
Hampton, M. (2006). The bigger picture, Capital referee London, FA.
Helsen, W., Gilis, B., & Weston, M. (2007). Helsen, Gilis, and Weston do not err in questioning the optical error hypothesis as the only major account for explaining offside decision-making errors. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(9), 991–994.
Hoar, S. D., Kowalski, K. C., Gaudreau, P., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2006). A review of coping in sport. Literature Reviews in Sport Psychology, 47–90.
Krettenauer, T., Jia, F., & Mosleh, M. (2011). The role of emotion expectancies in adolescents’ moral decision making. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108(2), 358–370.
Kurtic, N. (2006). Psycho-social factors are leading to violence among football supporters. Unpublished Master’s Thesis.Sakarya University Institute of Social Sciences, Sakarya.
Lucey, B. M., & Power, D. (2009). Do soccer referees display home bias? Available at SSRN 552223.
Mallo, J., Navarro, E., García-Aranda, J.-M., Gilis, B., & Helsen, W. (2007). Activity profile of top-class association football referees in relation to performance in selected physical tests. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(7), 805–813.
Mascarenhas, D., O Hare, D., & Plessner, H. (2006). The psychological and performance demands of association football refereeing. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 37(2/3), 99.
Mascarenhas, D. R. D., Button, C., O’Hare, D., & Dicks, M. (2009). Physical performance and decision making in association football referees: A naturalistic study. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 2(1).
McMahon, C., Helsen, W., Starkes, J., & Weston, M. (2006). Decision-making skills and deliberate practice in elite association football referees. Journal of Sports Sciences.
Mellick, M. C., Fleming, S., Bull, P., & Laugharne, E. J. (2005). Identifying best practice for referee decision communication in association and rugby union football. Football Studies, 8(1), 42–57.
Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Buchheit, M. (2013). Football-specific fitness testing: adding value or confirming the evidence? Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(13), 1503–1508.
Nuytens, W., Hidry-Neys, H., Pen in, N., & Sallow, L. (2010). Closer to actions. Closer to gestures: Research report ARCIR. Unpublished manuscript, University of Artois, laboratory SHERPAS, Lievin, France.
Oh, I.-S., Wang, G., & Mount, M. K. (2011). Validity of observer ratings of the five-factor model of personality traits: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 762.
Oudejans, R. R. D., Bakker, F. C., Verheijen, R., Gerrits, J. C., Steinbrückner, M., & Beek, P. J. (2005). How position and motion of expert assistant referees in soccer relate to the quality or their offside judgements during actual match play. International Journal of Sport Psychology.
Reilly, T. (1997). Energetics of high-intensity exercise (soccer) with particular reference to fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(3), 257–263.
Reilly, Thomas, & Gregson, W. (2006). Special populations: The referee and assistant referee. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(07), 795–801.
SayfollahPour, P. (2013). A Consideration of the Factors Influencing Soccer Referees’ Judgment? An Overview. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(5), 678.
Scoppa, V. (2008). Are subjective evaluations biased by social factors or connections? An econometric analysis of soccer referee decisions. Empirical Economics, 35(1), 123–140.
Simmons, P. (2008). Justice, culture, and football referee communication. Final report of Joao Have Lange Research Scholarship study to FIFA / CIES Scientific Committee, Switzerland.
Sutter, M. M. G. K. (2004). Favouritism of agents’. The case of referees’ home bias. Journal of Economic Psychology, 25,. 461--469.
Tomlinson, A. (2014). FIFA (Fédération internationale de football association): the men, the myths and the money. Routledge.
Vazne, Z., Rudzitis, A., Larkin’s, V. (2008). June basketbolistu psiholoìisk as sagatavot¯?bas faktoru structurer. ATEE Spring University. Teacher of the 21st Century: Quality Education for quality teaching. R¯?ga: LU,. Pp.126--134.
Verheijen, R., Oudejans, R. R. D., Beek, P. J. B. F. C. (2002). Factors affecting the decision-making of soccer referees. In: Spinks W, Reilly T, Murphy A, Eds. Fourth World Congress of Science and Football. Sydney, Routledge, 28.
Vyzirgiannakis, D., Siokos, K., Kagkarakis, P., Pereira, V., & Papanikolaou, Z. (2018). Factors affecting the performance of Greek soccer referees of super league and football league.
Weinberg. (2010). The psychological qualities of a good referee: Posted by SCRRS Website Committee on December 16th, 2010(Adapted from WEINBERG: Psychology of refereeing).
Weston, M., Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, F. M., Bizzini, M., Williams, A. M., & Gregson, W. (2012). Science and medicine applied to soccer refereeing. Sports Medicine, 42(7), 615–631.
Xibaev A. V. (2009). Razvitie professionalno znaqimyh psihofiziologiqeskih kaqestv futbolnyh arbitrov,. Retrieved

In-Text Citation: (Guta, 2020)
To Cite this Article: Guta, B. T. (2020). Comparative Study of Factors Affecting the Performances of Soccer Referees: The Case of Oromia Soccer Higher League. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 9(4), 35-52.