ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
Universities have increasingly begun to emphasise the importance of leadership development program for academic leaders as they are the key players of the institutions. However, training programs are often not properly evaluated to determine return of investment. Transfer of training needs to be evaluated in order to justify the return of investment spent by stakeholders. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the influence of trainee characteristic (learner readiness and motivation to transfer), training design (perceived content validity and transfer design) and work environment factors (peer support and supervisor support) on transfer of training involving 120 academics who are currently working at two public universities in Malaysia. This paper adopts the Baldwin and Ford’s (1988) transfer process model to investigate the relationships between the predictors and transfer of training. The respondents of this study participated in a one-day leadership development program, one and a half months prior to the data collection process. The findings of this study indicates that learner readiness, perceived content validity and peer support significantly influence transfer of training among the academics.
Arasanmi, C. N. (2019). Training effectiveness in an enterprise resource planning system environment. European Journal of Training and Development, 43(5), 476-489.
Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel psychology, 41(1), 63-105.
Baldwin, T. T., Ford, J. K., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Transfer of training 1988–2008: An updated review and agenda for future research. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 24(1), 41-70.
Bates, R., Holton III, E. F., & Hatala, J. P. (2012). A revised learning transfer system inventory: Factorial replication and validation. Human Resource Development International, 15(5), 549-569.
Beer, M., Finnstrom, M., & Schrader, D. (2016). The great training robbery. Harvard Business School Research Paper Series, 16–121.
Bhatti, M. A., & Kaur, S. (2010). The role of individual and training design factors on training transfer. Journal of European Industrial Training, 34(7), 656-672.
Bhatti, M. A., Battour, M. M., Sundram, V. P. K., & Othman, A. A. (2013). Transfer of training: Does it truly happen? European Journal of Training and Development, 37(3), 273-297.
Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T., & Huang, J. L. (2010). Transfer of training: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36(4), 1065-1105.
Broad, M. L., & Newstrom, J. W. (1992). Transfer of Training: Action-Packed Strategies to Ensure High Payoff from Training Investments. Basic Books.
Burke, L. A., & Hutchins, H. M. (2008). A study of best practices in training transfer and proposed model of transfer. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 19(2), 107-128.
Chauhan, R., Ghosh, P., Rai, A., & Shukla, D. (2016). The impact of support at the workplace on transfer of training: A study of an Indian manufacturing unit. International Journal of Training and Development, 20(3), 200-213.
Chiaburu, D. S., Van Dam, K., & Hutchins, H. M. (2010). Social support in the workplace and training transfer: A longitudinal analysis. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 18(2), 187-200.
Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., & Noe, R. A. (2000). Toward an integrative theory of training motivation: A meta-analytic path analysis of 20 years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 678-707.
Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2013). Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43-71.
Facteau, J. D., Dobbins, G. H., Russell, J. E., Ladd, R. T., & Kudisch, J. D. (1995). The influence of general perceptions of the training environment on pretraining motivation and perceived training transfer. Journal of Management, 21(1), 1-25.
Gegenfurtner, A., Zitt, A., & Ebner, C. (2020). Evaluating webinar?based training: a mixed methods study of trainee reactions toward digital web conferencing. International Journal of Training and Development, 24(1), 5-21.
Gegenfurtner, A., Festner, D., Gallenberger, W., Lehtinen, E., & Gruber, H. (2009a). Predicting autonomous and controlled motivation to transfer training. International Journal of Training and Development, 13(2), 124-138.
Gegenfurtner, A., Vauras, M., Gruber, H. & Festner, D. (2010). Motivation to Transfer Revisited. in K. Gomez, L. Lyons, and J. Radinsky (Eds), Learning in the Disciplines: ICLS 2010 Proceedings (pp. 452-459) International Society of the Learning Sciences.
Gegenfurtner, A., Veermans, K., Festner, D., & Gruber, H. (2009b). Integrative literature review: Motivation to transfer training: An integrative literature review. Human Resource Development Review, 8(3), 403-423.
Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 499-510.
Grohmann, A., Beller, J., & Kauffeld, S. (2014). Exploring the critical role of motivation to transfer in the training transfer process. International Journal of Training and Development, 18(2), 84-103.
Holton III, E. F., Bates, R. A., & Ruona, W. E. (2000). Development of a generalized learning transfer system inventory. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 11(4), 333-360.
Holton III, E. F. (2005). Holton's evaluation model: New evidence and construct elaborations. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(1), 37-54.
Hung, M. L. (2016). Teacher readiness for online learning: Scale development and teacher perceptions. Computers & Education, 94, 120-133.
Kasim, R. S. R., & Ali, S. (2011). The influence of training design on training transfer performance among support staff of higher education institution in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2(5), 377-382.
Kirkpatrick, D. (1994). Great Ideas Revisited. Techniques for Evaluating Training Programs. Revisiting Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Model. Training and Development, 50(1), 54-59.
Kirwan, C., & Birchall, D. (2006). Transfer of learning from management development programmes: Testing the Holton model. International Journal of Training and Development, 10(4), 252-268.
Kuchinke, K. P. (1995). Managing learning for performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 6(3), 307-316.
Kulik, C. T., Pepper, M. B., Roberson, L., & Parker, S. K. (2007). The rich get richer: Predicting participation in voluntary diversity training. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 28(6), 753-769.
Lacerenza, C. N., Reyes, D. L., Marlow, S. L., Joseph, D. L., & Salas, E. (2017). Leadership training design, delivery, and implementation: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(12), 1-33.
Ladyshewsky, R. K., & Flavell, H. (2012). Transfer of training in an academic leadership development program for program coordinators. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 40(1), 127-147.
Leberman, S., McDonald, L., & Doyle, S. (2006). The transfer of learning: Participants’ perspectives of adult education and training. Gower.
Levine, R. B., González-Fernández, M., Bodurtha, J., Skarupski, K. A., & Fivush, B. (2015). Implementation and evaluation of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine leadership program for women faculty. Journal of Women's Health, 24(5), 360-366.
Martins, L. B., Zerbini, T., & Medina, F. J. (2019). Impact of online training on behavioral transfer and job performance in a large organization. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 35(1), 27-37.
Mohanty, P. C., Dash, M., Dash, M., & Das, S. (2019). A study on factors influencing training effectiveness. Revista Espacios, 40, 7-15.
Na-Nan, K., & Sanamthong, E. (2019). Self-efficacy and employee job performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 37(1), 1-17.
Nafukho, F. M., Alfred, M., Chakraborty, M., Johnson, M., & Cherrstrom, C. A. (2017). Predicting workplace transfer of learning: A study of adult learners enrolled in a continuing professional education training program. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(4), 327-353.
Noe, R. A. (2017). Employee training and development (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Ng, K. H., & Ahmad, R. (2018). Personality traits, social support, and training transfer: The mediating mechanism of motivation to improve work through learning. Personnel Review, 47(1), 39-59.
Paulsen, H. F. K., & Kauffeld, S. (2017). Linking positive affect and motivation to transfer within training: A multilevel study. International Journal of Training and Development, 21(1), 35-52.
Peters, S., Cossette, M., Bates, R., Holton, E., Hansez, I., & Faulx, D. (2014). The influence of transfer climate and job attitudes on the transfer process modelling the direct and indirect effects, Journal of Personnel Psychology, 13(4), 157–66.
Reinhold, S., Gegenfurtner, A., & Lewalter, D. (2018). Social support and motivation to transfer as predictors of training transfer: Testing full and partial mediation using meta?analytic structural equation modelling. International Journal of Training and Development, 22(1), 1-14.
Renta-Davids, A. I., Jiménez-González, J. M., Fandos-Garrido, M., & González-Soto, Á. P. (2014). Transfer of learning: Motivation, training design and learning-conducive work effects. European Journal of Training and Development, 38(8), 728-744.
Schindler, L. A., & Burkholder, G. J. (2016). A mixed methods examination of the influence of dimensions of support on training transfer. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(3), 292-310.
Sofo, F. (2007). Transfer of training: A case?study of outsourced training for staff from Bhutan. International Journal of Training and Development, 11(2), 103-120.
Stigmar, M. (2008). Faculty development through an educational action programme. Higher Education Research & Development, 27(2), 107-120.
Velada, R., Caetano, A., Michel, J. W., Lyons, B. D., & Kavanagh, M. J. (2007). The effects of training design, individual characteristics and work environment on transfer of training. International Journal of Training and Development, 11(4), 282-294.
Yamnill, S., & McLean, G. N. (2001). Theories supporting transfer of training. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(2), 195-208.
In-Text Citation: (Zulkifly et al., 2021)
To Cite this Article: Zulkifly, N. A., Ismail, I. A., Asimiran, S., & Alias, S. N. (2021). Factors Influencing Transfer of Training among Academics in Public Universities in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 10(2), 184–200.
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode