Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2225-8329

Determinants of Corporate Capital Structure among Private Manufacturing Firms in Kenya: A Survey of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms

Samuel Nduati Kariuki, Charles Guandaru Kamau

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v4-i3/1026

Open access

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing corporate capital structure in private firms in Kenya. Although the capital structure issue has received substantial attention, it is noteworthy that most of the empirical work done focuses on data derived from developed economies that have many institutional similarities and their applicability in developing markets such as Kenya is not documented. Yet, the maintenance of an optimal capital structure is considered as one area where decision makers can influence the company’s value and risk. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to establish whether growth opportunities, firm size, firm profitability, and asset tangibility influence corporate capital structure. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study population comprised 121 Food and Beverage private manufacturing firms registered with the KAM that are located in Nairobi and surrounding area. A sample of 36 firms was selected for the survey using stratified random sampling technique from which 30 questionnaires were returned. Primary data was sourced through personally administered questionnaires to the CFOs. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the interplay between the independent variables and dependent variable. Based on the findings, the study concludes that growth opportunities positively influence capital structure; firm size negatively influences the capital structure, there is an insignificant negative relationship between firm profitability and the capital structure, and there is insignificant positive interaction between asset tangibility and the capital structure of private firms in Kenya.

Abor, J. (2005). The effect of capital structure on profitability: empirical analysis of listed firms in Ghana. Journal of Risk Finance, 6 (5), 438-45.
Afza, T., & Hussain, A. (2011). Determinants of Capital Structure across selected Manufacturing sectors of Pakistan. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(12), 254-262.
Alfred, D. D. (2007). Corporate finance: issues, investigations, innovations and applications (2nd ed). Lagos: High Rise Publication.
Allen, D. E. (1991). The determinants of the capital structure of listed Australian companies: the financial manager’s perspective. Australian Journal of Management, 16(2), 103- 128.
Bevan, A. A., & Danbolt J. (2002). “Capital structure and its determinants in the UK: A decompositional analysis. Applied Financial Economics, 12, 159-170.
Bhabra, H. S., Lui, T., & Tirtiroglu, D. (2008). Capital structure choice in a nascent market: Evidence from listed firms in China. Journal of Financial Management, 37(2), 341-364.
Biger, N., Nguyen, N. V., & Hoang, Q. X. (2007). The determinants of capital structure: Evidence from Vietnam. International Finance Review, 8, 307-326.
Boateng, A. (2004). Determinants of capital structure: Evidence from international joint ventures in Ghana. International Journal of Social Economics, 31(1/2), 56-66.
Borgia, D., & Newman, A. (2012). The influence of managerial factors on the capital structure of small and medium-sized enterprises in emerging economies: Evidence from China. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 180-205.
Borgia, D., &Yan, N. (2013). The Impact of Institutional Factors on Capital Structure: Evidence from Chinese Private Listed Firms.
Bradley, M., Jarrell, G. A., & Kim, E. H. (1984). On the existence of an optimal capital structure.
Brav, O. (2009). Access to capital, capital structure, and the funding of the firm.The Journal of Finance, 64(1), 263-308.
Brigham, E. F., and Michael, C. (2001). Financial Management Theory and Practice. (10th edn). New York: The Dryden Press.
Byoun, S. (2007). How and when do firms adjust their capital structures toward targets? Journal of Finance, 56(1), 87- 130.
Chen, J. J. (2004). Determinants of capital structure of Chinese-listed companies. Journal of Business Research, 57, 1341- 135.
De Jong, A., Kabir, R., & Nguyen, T. T. (2008). Capital structure around the world: The roles of firm and country-specific determinants. Journal of Banking & Finance, 32(9), 1954-1969.
Donaldson, G. (1961). Corporate Debt Capacity: A Study of Corporate Debt Policy and the Determination of Corporate Debt Capacity, Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, Boston. Economics, 113(2), 387-432.
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2002). Testing trade?off and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt. Review of financial studies, 15(1), 1-33.
Fan, J. P., Titman, S., & Twite, G. (2012). An international comparison of capital structure and debt maturity choices. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 47(01), 23-56.
Feidakis, A., & Rovolis, A. (2007). Capital structure choice in European Union: evidence from the construction industry 1. Applied Financial Economics, 17(12), 989-1002.
Frank, M. Z., & Goyal, V. K. (2009). Capital structure decisions: Which factors are reliably important? Financial Management, 38(1), 1-37.
García-Teruel, P. J., & Martínez-Solano, P. (2008). On the Determinants of SME Cash Holdings: Evidence from Spain. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 35 (1-2), 127-149.
Gaud, P., Jani, E., Hoesli, M., & Bender, A. (2005). The capital structure of Swiss companies: an empirical analysis using dynamic panel data. European Financial Management, 11(1), 51-69.
Getzmann, A., Lang, S., & Spremann, K. (2010). Determinants of the target capital structure and adjustment speed: evidence from Asian capital markets. In European Financial Management Symposium. Beijing.
Gill, A., Biger, N., & Bhutani, S. (2008). Corporate performance and the chief executive officer’s compensation in the service industry. Open Bus J, 1, 53-7.
Graham, J. R. (2000). How big are the tax benefits of debt?. The Journal of Finance, 55(5), 1901-1942.
Groth, J. C., & Anderson, R. C. (1997). Capital structure: perspectives for managers. Management Decision, 35(7), 552-561.
Harris, M., & Raviv, A. (1991). The theory of capital structure. The Journal of Finance, 46(1).
Huyghebaert, N., & Van Hulle, C. (2006). Structuring the IPO: Empirical evidence on the portions of primary and secondary shares. Journal of Corporate Finance, 12(2), 296-320.
Jensen, M. (1986). Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance and takeovers. American Economic Review, 76, 323-339.
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: managerial behaviour, agency costs and the ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305 – 360.
Joeveer, K. (2006). Sources of capital structure: Evidence from transition countries. Eesti Pank. Journal of Finance, 39(3), 857– 78.
Leary, M. T., & Roberts, M. R. (2005). Do firms rebalance their capital structures?. The journal of finance, 60(6), 2575-2619.
Lewis, R., & Sappington, M. (1995). Optimal capital structure in agency relationships. RAND Journal of Economics 26, 343-361.
Lim, T. C. (2012). Determinants of Capital Structure Empirical Evidence from Financial Services Listed Firms in China. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4, 191.
Magara, M. (2012). Capital structure and its determinants at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. MSc thesis: University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Mahmud, M., Herani, M., Rajar, A., & Farooqi, W. (2009). Economic Factors Influencing Corporate Capital Structure in Three Asian Countries: Evidence from Japan, Malaysia and Pakistan. Industrial Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 3(1):9-17.
Marsh, P. (1982). The choice between equity and debt: an empirical study. Journal of Finance, 37(1), 121-44.
Miller, M. (1977). Debt and Taxes. Journal of Finance, 32(2), 261-275.
Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. (1958). The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment. The American Economic Review, 48(3), 261-297.
Mugenda, A., and Mugenda, O. (2003). Research methods; quantitative and qualitative approaches. Africa Center for Technology (ACTS), Nairobi Kenya.
Myers S. (1977). Determinants of corporate borrowing. Journal of Financial Economics 5, 147–76.
Myers, S. C. (1984). The Capital Structure Puzzle. Journal of Finance, 39(3), 575–92.
Myers, S. C., and Majluf N. S. (1984). Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information the Investors Do Not Have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187–221.
Nguyen, T. D. K., & Ramachandran, N. (2006). Capital structure in small and medium-sized enterprises: the case of Vietnam. ASEAN Economic bulletin, 23(2), 192-211.
Oluwagbemiga, O. E. (2013). Perceived Relationship between Corporate Capital Structure and Firm Value in the Kenyan Listed Companies. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(19), 157- 164.
Omet, G. S. (2008). The capital structure in stable and extremely unstable political and economic environments. In Second Singapore International Conference on Finance.
Ooi, J. (1999). The determinants of capital structure: evidence on UK property companies. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 17(5).
Ozkan, A. (2001). Determinants of Capital Structure and Adjustment to Long Run Target: Evidence from UK Company Panel Data. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 21(2), 175–98.
Padron, Y. G., Apolinario, R. M. C., Santana, O. M., Conception, M., Martel, V., & Sales, L. J. (2005). Determinant factors of leverage: an empirical analysis of Spanish corporations. Journal of Risk Finance, 6(1), 60-68.
Pandey, I. M. (2005). Financial management (9th edn.). New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House PV.
Psillaki, M., & Daskalakis, N. (2009). Are the determinants of capital structure country or firm specific?. Small Business Economics, 33(3), 319-333.
Quan, V. D. (2002). A Rational Justification of the Pecking Order Hypothesis to the Choice of Sources of Financing. Management Research News, 25(12).
Rajagopal, S. (2010). The portability of capital structure theory: Do traditional models fit in an emerging economy?. Journal of Finance & Accountancy, 5.
Rajan, R. G., & Zingales, L. (1995). What do we know about capital structure? Some evidence from international data. The journal of Finance, 50(5), 1421-1460.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach (5th edn). New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
Shah, A., & Hijazi, T. (2004). The determinants of capital structure of stock exchange-listed non financial firms in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 43(4), pp-605.
Thorsell, A., & Cornelius, B. (2009). Coercion, copy-coats, and colleagues: staffing the board of the IPO Company. Corporate ownership and control, 7, 108-119.
Titman, S., & Wessels, R. (1988). The determinants of capital structure choice. Journal of Finance, 43 (1), 1-19.
Wiwattanakantang, Y. (1999). An empirical study on the determinants of the capital structure of Thai firms. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 7, 371-403.
Yong, C., Kim-Lan, S., Pei-Lee, T., & Keng-Boon, O. (2008). Time Series Analysis on Factors Influencing Saving Rate in Malaysia. Icfai University Journal of Financial Economics, 6(4), 50-56.

In-Text Citation: (Kariuki & Kamau, 2014)
To Cite this Article: Kariuki, S. N., & Kamau, C. G. (2014). Determinants of Corporate Capital Structure among Private Manufacturing Firms in Kenya: A Survey of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 4(3), 66 – 83.