Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2225-8329

Capital Structure and Firm Performance of Technology Sector in Malaysia

Joanne Ngui Jia En, Nurul Izza Abd. Malek

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v11-i3/10660

Open access

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between capital structure and firm performance of technology sector in Malaysia. The 27 public listed software companies in Bursa Malaysia are examined within the time period of 8 years from 2012 to 2019, with the total observation of 216. The data is focusing in one sub-sector of technology sector which is software sector. The study is conducted with two firm performance measures which are return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Total debts to total assets (TDTA), long-term debt to total assets (LTDTA), and short-term debt to total assets (STDTA) are the proxies of capital structure while growth (GRO) is the control variable. Panel data regression model is used in this study and found that that long-term debt to total assets (LTDTA) and short-term debt to total assets (STDTA) have a negative significant relationship with return on equity (ROE) while total debt to total assets (TDTA) has a positive significant effect on return on equity (ROE). However, in return on assets (ROA), only short-term debt to total assets (STDTA) has a negative significant on it, while the other independent variables are insignificant. Lastly, there is a positive significant relationship between growth (GRO) and performance of a company.

Abor, J. (2005). The effect of capital structure on profitability: An empirical analysis of listed firms in Ghana. Journal of Risk Finance, 6(5), 438-445.
Ahmed, N. and Afza, T. (2019). Capital structure, competitive intensity, and firm performance: evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 16(5), 796-813.
Ahmed, R., and Bhuyan, R. (2020). Capital structure and firm performance in Australian service sector firms: A panel data analysis. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(9), 1-16.
Ajibola, A., Wisdom, O., and Qudus, O. L. (2018). Capital structure and financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Journal of Research in International Business and Management, 5(1), 81-89.
Alghusin, N. A. S. (2015). The impact of financial leverage, growth, and size on profitability of Jordanian industrial listed companies. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(16), 86-93.
Al-Najjar, Basil, and Peter Taylor. (2008). The relationship between capital structure and ownership structure, new evidence from Jordanian panel data. Managerial Finance, 34(2), 919-933
Amjed, S. (2011). Impact of financial structure on firm’s Performance: A study of Pakistan’s Chemical Sector. In Society of Interdisciplinary Business Research (SIBR) 2011 Conference on Interdisciplinary Business Research, 454-476.
Ashraf, M., Ameen, A., & Shahzadi, K. (2017). The impact of capital structure on firm’s profitability: A case of cement industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(4), 140–147.
Aulia, H., & Gandakusuma, I. (2020). The effect of capital structure on firm performance of manufacturing companies in ASEAN 5 country. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 144, 473-477.
Awais, M., Iqbal, W., Iqbal, T. & Khursheed, A. (2016). Impact of capital structure on the firm performance: Comprehensive study of Karachi Stock Exchange. Sci.Int.(Lahore), 28(1), 501-507.
Aziz, S., and Abbas, U. (2019). Effect of debt financing on firm performance: A study on non-financial sector of Pakistan. Open Journal of Economics and Commerce, 2(1), 8-15.
Barbosa, N., & Louri, H. (2005). Corporate performance: Does ownership matter? a comparison of foreign- and domestic-owned firms in Greece and Portugal. Review of Industrial Organization, 27(1),73-102.
Bokhari, H. W., & Khan, M. A. (2013). The impact of capital structure on firm’s performance: A case of non-financial sector of Pakistan. European Journal of Business and Management, 31(5), 111-137.
Brewer, E., & Genay, H. (1994). Funding small business through the SBIC program. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Economic Perspectives, 18, 22 – 34.
Chadha, S., & Sharma, A. K. (2015). Capital structure and firm performance: Empirical evidence from India. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 19(4), 295–302.
Charles, A. and Peter, L. A. (2015). The effect of debt financing on the profitability of SMEs in Accra Metropolis. ADRRI Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 13(2), 1-11.
Chowdhury, A., and Chowdhury, S. P. (2010). Impact of capital structure on firm’s value: Evidence from Bangladesh. Business and Economic Horizon (BEH), 3(3), 111-122.
Dang, Y. T., Bui, N. T., Dao, A. T., & Nguyen, H. T. (2019). Impact of capital structure on firm performance: Empirical evidence from listed food and beverage companies in Vietnam. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 7(2), 567-577.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2020, May 13). Malaysia economy performance 2019. Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Website. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=153&bul_id=bVN1K0txTSt1TVRGRFZBRE8yU0JYZz09&menu_id=TE5CRUZCblh4ZTZMODZIbmk2aWRRQT09
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2020, October 16). Information and communication technology satellite account 2019. Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Website. Retrieved November 2, 2020, from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=319&bul_id=cHBrejFuMlVMdFZzc2VrNjlIZEZQUT09&menu_id=TE5CRUZCblh4ZTZMODZIbmk2aWRRQT09
Dobusch, L., and Jakob K. (2018). Open strategy-making with crowds and communities: Comparing Wikimedia and Creative Commons. Long Range Planning, 51, 561–79.
Donaldson, G. (1961) Corporate Debt Capacity. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Ehikioya, B. I., Inua, O. I. and Obera, J. J. O. (2019). Capital structure and firm performance in developing economies: evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Management Sciences, 17(2), 58-74.
Eriotis, N., Vasiliou, D., and Neokosmidi, Z. (2007). How firm characteristics affect capital structure: An empirical study. Managerial Finance, 33(5), 321-331.
Foo, W. F., Mok, Y. W., Tan, L. Y., and Wah, W. X. (2012). Capital structure affects firm value: Technology sector in Malaysia. (Bachelor’s thesis). University of Tunku Abdul Rahman.
Frees, E.W. (2004). Longitudinal and Panel Data: Analysis and Applications in The Social Science. University of Wisconsin, Madison: Cambridge University Press.
Ganiyu, Y. O., Adelopo, I., Rodionova, Y., and Samuel, O. L. (2019). Capital structure and firm performance in Nigeria. African Journal of Economic Review, 7(1), 31-56.
Gitman, L.J. (2009). Principles of Managerial Finance (12th Ed.). New York, US: Pearson Education.
Gujarati, D.N. (2003) Basic Econometrics. 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Hajisaaid, A. (2020) The effect of capital structure on profitability of basic materials Saudi Arabia Firms. Journal of Mathematical Finance, 10, 631-647.
Hillier, D., Grinblatt, M. & Titman, S. (2012). Financial Markets and Corporate Strategy (Second European Edition). London: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Hsiao, C., D.C. Mountain and K.H. Illman. (1995). A Bayesian integration of end-use metering and conditional-demand analysis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 13(3), 315-326.
Hussein, Mohammed Alrabba and Muhannad, Akram Ahmad and Mashhoor, Hamadneh. (2019). Capital structure and firm performance: Evidence from Jordanian listed companies. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(10), 364-375.
Isabwa, K. H and Albert, C. (2015). The effect of long-term loan on firm’s performance in Kenya. A survey of selected sugar manufacturing firms. Global Journal of Advanced Research, 2(6), 1019-1024.
Javed, T., Younas, W., and Imran, M. (2014). Impact of capital structure on firm performance: Evidence from Pakistani firms. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(5), 28-52.
Kasasbeh, F. I. (2021). Impact of financing decisions ratios on firm accounting-based performance: evidence from Jordan listed companies. Future Business Journal, 7(15), 1-10.
Kraus, A. and Litzenberger, R.H. (1973) A state-reference model of optimal financial leverage. The Journal of Finance, 28, 911-922.
Le, T. P. V., & Phan, T. B. N. (2017). Capital structure and firm performance: Empirical evidence from a small transition country. Research in International Business and Finance, 42, 710–726.
Mani, S. (2000). Policy Instruments for Stimulating R&D in the Enterprise Sector: The Contrasting Experience of Two MNC Dominated Economies from Southeast Asia. Maastricht: United Nations University, Institute for New Technologies.
Maryam, Isyaku Muhammad and Mohammed, Abubakar and Mohammed, Mahmud Kakanda and Muhammad, Abdul Abubakar. (2020). The dynamics of capital structure and firm value of listed industrial goods in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Empirical Research, Asian Economic and Social Society, 10(7), 184-193.
Meah, M. R., Chaudhory, N. U., and Khalil, M. I. (2020). Does capital structure affect the profitability of listed family and non-family firms? Evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Business, Economics and Management, 7(3), 131-145.
Minh, H. T. T., Tien, N. H., and Hoang, N. B. (2019). The impact of capital structure on effectiveness of business activities of the listed cement companies in Vietnam. American International Journal of Business Management, 2(11), 29-44.
Modigliani F, Miller M. (1958). The cost of capital, corporate finance, and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review,40(3), 261-297.
Modigliani F, Miller M. (1963). Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: A correction. American Economic Review, 53(3), 433-443.
Myers, S. C. (1984). The capital structure puzzle. The Journal of Finance, 39(3), 575-592.
Myers, S. C. and Majluf, N. S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187–221.
Nguyen, H. T., & Nguyen, A. H. (2020). The impact of capital structure on firm performance: Evidence from Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(4), 97–105.
Ong, T. S. and Teh, B. H. (2011). Capital structure and corporate performance of Malaysian construction sector. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(2), 28-36.
Ozcan, I. C. (2019). Capital structure and firm performance: Evidence from the airport industry. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 19(3), 177-195.
Pakpahan, R. (2010). The influence of enterprise fundamental factors and company dividends on enterprise value. Journal of Economics, Finance, Banking and Accounting, 2(2), 211 - 227.
Patrisia, N. D. (2020). The effect of capital structure for firm performance in manufacturing companies listed of the Indonesia stock market. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 152, 17-23.
Pouraghajan, A., Malekian, E., Emamgholipour, M., Lotfollahpour, V., & Bagheri, M. M. (2012). The Relationship between capital structure and firm performance evaluation measures: Evidence from the Tehran Stock Exchange. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 1(9), 166-181.
Robert, K., Richard, K., and Rono P. K. (2020). The effect of capital structure on financial performance of firms in Kenya: Evidence from firms listed at the Nairobi securities exchange. Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), 8(1), 1-7.
Saad, Noriza Mohd. (2010). Corporate governance compliance and the effects to capital structure in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Finance 2, (1), 105-114.
Sakr, A., & Bedeir, A. (2019). Impact of capital structure on firm’s performance: Focusing on non-financial listed Egyptian firms. International Journal of Financial Research, 10(6), 78.
Sharon, A. (2019, April 26). Tech shaping the Malaysian economy. OpenGov Asia Websites. Retrieved November 3, 2020, from https://opengovasia.com/tech-shaping-the-malaysian-economy/
Shen, G. C. (2012). How does capital structure affect firm performance?: Recent evidence from Europe countries. (Bachelor’s thesis). University of Tilburg.
Stephen, M. M. (2012). The influence of capital structure on firms’ performance: a case of selected firms listed in Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya. (Master’s thesis). University of Nairobi.
Stiglitz, J. E., & Weiss, A. (1981). Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information. American Economic Review, 71(3), 383 – 410.
Tae, H. E., Sock, H. L., and Hua, X. (2007). Introduction to Panel Data Analysis: Concepts and Practices. In Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration, Gerald R. Miller and Kaifeng Yang, eds. CRC Press.
Tan, S. L., & Hamid, N. I. N. A. (2016). Capital structure and performance of Malaysia plantation sector. Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural Sciences, 3(1), 34-45.
Tian, G. G., & Zeitun, R. (2007). Capital structure and corporate performance: evidence from Jordan. Australian Accounting Business and Finance Journal, 1(4), 40-61.
Tretiakova, V. V., Shalneva, M. S., and Lvov, A. S. (2021). The relationship between capital structure and financial performance of the company. SHS Web of Conferences, 91, 1-9.
Wooldridge, J.M. (2006). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. 3rd Edition, Thomson/South-Western, Mason.

In-Text Citation: (En & Malek, 2021)
To Cite this Article: En, J. N. J., & Malek, N. I. A. (2021). Capital Structure and Firm Performance of Technology Sector in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 11(3), 601-628.