ISSN: 2225-8329
Open access
The increase in cases of accidents at workplace, the absence of employees to the work, the rise in illness and high job stress give signs that more urgent action should be taken. If the situation that causes this problem continues, it will certainly also have negative impacts not only on employees, but also on organizations and parties directly related to employees. Occupational safety and health (OSH) aspects are key issues that need to be addressed by organizations. Previous studies have also shown that ergonomics plays an important role with OSH issues and problems, especially in the manufacturing sector. The implementation of certain initiatives based on ergonomics may provide a way of solving, or alleviating users, safety and health problems in the workplace. This study aimed to examine the ergonomic task demands and psychosocial work factors (PWF) of OSH performance in printing companies. The use of a combination of measurement tools from previous studies has resulted in a special design of questionnaire for this study. Respondents who participated in the study were selected by using stratified random sampling at the printing companies. Two hundred and ninety five respondents from several printing companies in Malaysia were surveyed and analysed. The findings showed that most of the employees were not aware of issues related to ergonomics at work. It was also found that higher job demands contribute to employee stress, accidents and lead to absenteeism problems which representing OSH performance. In addition, the findings showed that shows that PWF (decision authority & social support) are negatively related to OSH performance. Therefore, several initiatives should be taken by organisation to enhance employee’s performance especially in regards to implementation of ergonomics aspects as well as safety and health components.
Ahmadon, B., Rosli, M. Z., Mohd-Saidin, M., & Abdul-Hakim, M. (2006). Occupational
safety and health (OSH) management systems: towards development of safety and health culture. Proceedings of the Sixth Asia-Pacific Structural Engineering and Construction Conference (APSEC 2006), 5-6 September 2006, Kuala Lumpur.
Ahsan, N., Abdullah, Z., Gun-Fie, D. Y., & Shah-Alam, S. (2009). A study of job stress on job satisfaction among university staff in Malaysia: Empirical study. European Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 121.
Annalisa, C., Isabelle, G., Els, C., & France, K. (2013). Gender difference in sickness absence from work: a multiple mediation analysis of psychosocial factor. European Journal of Public Health, 23(4), 635-642.
Archer, R., Borthwick, K., & Tepe-Susanne. (2009). OS&H a management guide.
Engage Learning Australia 2009.
Arnold, B. B., & Evangelia, D. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209-223.
Ashraf, S., Saedd, Al-Araimi., & Bill, O. (2002). Development of a software package for ergonomic assessment of manufacturing industry. Computer & Industrial Engineering Journal, 43, 485-493.
Azman, M. A. A., & Selamat, M. N. (2019). Sistem kerja ergonomik dan prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan dalam Industri Pembuatan. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 3(2): 1-1.
Bartram, D. J., Yadegarfar, G., & Baldwin, D. S. (2009). Psychosocial working conditions and work-related stressors among UK veterinary surgeons. Oxford Journals Medicine Occupational Medicine, 59(5), 334-341.
Campbell, J. P., McCloy, R. R., Oppler, S. H., & Sager, C. E. (1993). A theory of performance. In E.Schmitt, W. C. Borman, & Associates, (Eds). Personnel selection in organizations. San Fracisco: Jissey-Bass. 35-70.
Carayon, P. (2009). The Balance Theory and the Work System Model… Twenty years later. INTL. Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 25(5), 313-327.
Carayon, P., Xie, A., & Kianfar, S. (2014). Human factors and ergonomics as a patient safety practice. BMJ Quality Safety, 23, 196-205.
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2008). Business research methods 10th Edition.
McGraw-Hill International Edition, Boston.
Davis, K. G., & Heaney, C. A. (2000).The relationship between psychosocial work characteristics and low back pain: underlying methodological issues. Clinical Biomechanics, 15(6), 389-406.
Edimansyah. (2008). Assessing and managing risk of occupational stress in male automotive assembly workers in Malaysia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Eric, F. S., & Curt, C. B. (2008). What is Human Factors and Ergonomics? Benchmark research & safety. www.benchmarkrs.com
Gilbert-Ouimet, M., Trudel, X., Brisson, C., Milot, A., Vézina, M. (2014). Adverse effects
of psychosocial work factors on blood pressure: systematic review of studies on demand–control–support and effort–reward imbalance models. Scanadian Journal Work Environmental Health, 40(2), 109-132.
Hair, J. M., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006).
Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Harrison, D. A., & Martocchio, J. J. (1998). Time for absenteeism: A 20-year review of origins, offshoots, and outcomes. Journal of Management, 24(3), 305-350.
Hwajin, Y, Sujin, Y., & Alice, M. I. (2013). Positive affect improves working memory: Implications for controlled cognitive processing. Cognition and Emotion, 27(3), 474-482.
Jia Wern, M. K., & Selamat, M. N. (2019, October 19). Sistem kerja ergonomik dan prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan dalam Industri Pembuatan di Klang, Selangor. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 3(1), 1-14.
Johnson, J. V., & Hall, E. M. (2006). Job strain, work place social support, and cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population. American Journal of Public Health, 78(10).
Loo, H. S. & Richardson, S. (2012). Ergonomics issues in Malaysia. Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 61-65.
Landsbergis, P. A., Dobson, M., Koutsouras, G., & Schnall, P. (2013). Job strain and
ambulatory blood pressure: a meta-analysis and systematic review. American Journal Public Health, 103(3), e61-71.
Kadir, A., Norfadillah, D., & Kadaruddin, A. (2020). Analisis Penilaian Iklim Keselamatan Pekerja di Bahagian Operasi Sistem Pengangkutan Rel Bandar Malaysia. Akademika 90 (Isu Khas 1/Special Issue): 103-113
Karasek, R. A., & Theorell, T. (1990). Health Work. Basic Book, New York.
Kefri, M. S. N., & Selamat, M. N. (2021). Hubungan antara sistem kerja ergonomik dan prestasi
keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan (KKP) di Industri Pembuatan. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 5(1), 1 - 11.
Khon, J. P., Friend, M. A., & Winterberger, C. A. (1996). Fundamental of occupational
safety and health. Industrial Technology Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
Kogi, K. (2012a). Practical ways to facilitate ergonomics improvements in occupational health practice. Human Factors, 54(6), 890-900.
Larsman, P., & Hanse, J. J. (2009). The impact of decision latitude, psychological load and social support at work on the development of neck, shoulder and low back symptoms among female human service organization workers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39, 442-226
Long, B. C. (1995). Stress in the workplace. Eric Digest EDO-CG-95-81.
Luz, J., & Green, M. S. (1997). Sickness absenteeism from work-a critical review of the literature. Public Health Reviews, 25(2), 89-122.
Majorkumar, G., Arunkumar, P., & Anil, M. (2001). Quality improvement in manufacturing through human performance enhancement. Integrated
Manufacturing Systems 12/5: 360-367. MCB University Press.
Morgan, L. G., & Herman, J. B. (1976). Perceived consequences of absenteeism. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(6), 738-742.
Niedhammer, I., Chastang, J. F., & David, S. (2008). Importance of psychosocial work factors on general health outcomes in the national French SUMER survey. Occupational Medicine, 58, 15-24.
Pertubuhan Keselamatan Sosial (PERKESO). (2018). Laporan Tahunan. Retrieved 2 January 2020, from https://www.perkeso.gov.my/index.php/ms/ laporan/laporan-Tahunan.
Rahman, N. A., & Selamat, M. N. (2020). Sistem kerja ergonomik, prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan di Industri Pembuatan Malaysia. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 4(2), 1
Rowan, M. P., & Wright P. C. (1994). Ergonomic is good for business. Work Study, 43(8), 7-12. MCB University Press.
Rozlina, M. D., Awaluddin, M. S., SA-Hamid, S. H., & Norhayati, Z. (2012). Perception of ergonomics important at workplace san safety culture among safety & health Practitioners in Malaysia. Proceeding of the World Congress on Engineering,1.
Rugulies, R., Christensen, K. B., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., Bultmann, U., & Kristensen, T. S. (2007). The contribution of the psychosocial work environment to sickness absence in human service workers: Result of a 3-year follow-up study. Work & Stress, 21(4), 293-311.
Saad, M. S., Said, F., & Abdul-Halim, Z. (2012). The determinants of industrial accidents in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. African Journal of Business Management, 6(5), 1999-2006.
Selamat, M. N. (2016). Ergonomic work system and occupational safety and health
performance: Mediating effect of psychosocial work factor. Ph.D Thesis, Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia. Penang.
Selamat, M. N., & Mukapit, M. (2018). The relationship between task factors & occupational safety and health (osh) performance in the Printing Industry. Akademika, 88(3), 65-76.
Selamat, M. N. (2013). The determinant of OSH performance: A study on ergonomic
work system. Journal Occupational Environmental Medicine, 70.
Selamat, M. N., Mukapit, M., Abd-Aziz, S. F, & Zafir, K. M. M. (2019). Re-definition of
occupational safety and health performance in Malaysian Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, 8, 2S10.
Selamat, M. N., Akhir, N. M., Abdul Aziz, S. F., Jaaffar, A. H., & Baker, R. (2020). Reliable
dimensions of ergonomic work system in the Malaysian Manufacturing Industries. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics & Management Sciences. 9(2), 102-112.
Sekaran, U. (2010). Research methods for business: A Skill-building Approach, (5rd ed). USA:
John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Silverstein, M. (2008). Meeting the challenges of an aging workforce. American Journal
of Industrial Medicine, 51, 269-28.
Siti-Fardaniah, A. A. (2018). Bagaimana organisasi boleh memotivasikan pekerja untuk belajar dalam latihan: Persepsi ahli akademik. Akademika, 88(2), 5–20.
Shaliza, A. M., Shahrul, K., Zalinda, O., & Mohzani, M. (2009). The effect of ergonomics applications in work system on mental health of visual display terminal workers. European Journal of Scientific Research, 31(3), 341-354.
SOCSO. (2013). Annual Report Social Security Organization
Spector, P. E. (2008). Industrial and organizational psychology. 5th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, LTD.
Toomingas, A., Theorell, T., Miche´lsen, H., & Nordemar, R. (1997). Associations between self-rated psychosocial work conditions and musculoskeletal symptoms and signs, Scandinavian Journal Work Environmental Health, 23, 130-139.
Warren, J. R., Hoonakker, P., Carayon, P., & Brand, J. (2004). Job characteristics as mediators in SES-health relationships. Social Science & Medicine, 59, 1367-1378.
Weichel, J., M. Buch, D. Urban, & E. Frieling. (2009). Sustainability and the ageing workforce: Considerations with regard to the German Car Manufacturing Industry. In Creating Sustainable Work Systems, edited by P. Docherty, M. Kira and A. B. Shani, 70-83. New York: Routledge.
Zakaria, N. H., Mansor, N., & Abdullah, Z. (2012). Workplace accident in Malaysia: Most common causes and solutions. Business and Management Review, 2(5), 75- 88.
Zafir, M. M. (2014). Measuring the effect of commitment on occupational stressors and individual productivity ties. Jurnal Pengurusan, 40, 103 – 113.
Zafir, M. M., Nor-Liza, A., & Zizah, C. S. (2013). Ergonomics and stress at workplace: engineering contributions to social sciences. Jurnal Pengurusan, 37, 125-131.
Zitty, S. I., Kadir, A., Mazhani, M., & Lui, M. J. (2019). Analisis keberkesanan komunikasi dalam meningkatkan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan di universiti penyelidikan di Malaysia. Akademika, 89(3), 183-194.
In-Text Citation: (Selamat et al., 2021)
To Cite this Article: Selamat, M. N., Aziz, S. F. A., Mukapit, M., Baker, R., & Jaaffar, A. H. (2021). The Analysis of Ergonomic Task Demand and Psychosocial Work Factors towards Occupational Safety and Health. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 11(3), 191–205.
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode