ISSN: 2225-8329
Open access
Teachers are known to be resilient to stress, anxiety, and depression; hence were unable to relate themselves to mental health issues, let alone having anxiety. Even though the symptoms were obvious, most teachers think their mental health issues are controllable. These were the case with 20 urban secondary school teachers from 13 schools in Selangor. Due to the rising number of teachers suffering from stress, anxiety, and depression in Malaysia, the state of Selangor was chosen since it has the highest number of urban secondary schools. This study uses a mixed-method design, combining the quantitative method (DASS-21 Screening Test) and the qualitative method (interviews). The use of DASS-21 is to understand their mental health level before the qualitative phase. While this study would like to understand the informants' mental health awareness from the social marketing point of view, the result showed that most informants do not know where to start as they do not realise they have mental health issues. Hence, publications and information were undistributed to this cohort as they could not relate to having one.
Abdullah, S. M. (2022). Radzi Jidin: 87 pct of 18,702 vacancies in teaching have been filled [NSTTV]|. New Straits Times Online. Retrieved May 20, 2022, from https://api.nst.com.my/news/nation/2022/05/796552/radzi-jidin-87-pct-18702-vacancies-teaching-have-been-filled-nsttv
Amri, A., Abidli, Z., Elhamzaoui, M., Bouzaboul, M., Rabea, Z., & Ahami, A. O. T. (2020). Assessment of burnout among primary teachers in confinement during the COVID-19 period in Morocco: case of the Kenitra. The Pan African Medical Journal, (Supp 2). https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.24345
Carver-Thomas, D., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Teacher turnover: Why it matters and what we can do about it. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute
Fullan, M., & Hagreaves, A. (1993). Changes Forces: Probing the Depth of Educational Reform. London, UK: Falmer Press.
Ganing, C. F., Hassan, M. M., and Wan Hamzah, W. N. N. (2020). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tekanan Kerja di kalangan Kakitangan Hospital Kerajaan. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH). 5, 10 (Oct. 2020), 151 - 177. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i10.522.
Kaufman, J., Diliberti, M., Hunter, G., Grant, D., Hamilton, L., Schwartz, H., … Young, C. (2020). COVID-19 and the State of K-12 Schools: Results and Technical Documentation from the Fall 2020 American Educator Panels COVID-19 Surveys. RAND Corporation. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rra168-5
Levitt, H. M., Motulsky, S. L., Wertz, F. J., Morrow, S. L., & Ponterotto, J. G. (2017). Recommendations for designing and reviewing qualitative research in psychology: Promoting methodological integrity. Qualitative psychology, 4(1), 2.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., and Saldana, J. (2014) Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Sage, London.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco, CA: Wiley.
Musa, R., Fadzil, M. A., & Zain, Z. (2007). Translation, Validation and Psychometric Properties of Bahasa Malaysia Version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS), ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 8, 82-89.
Musa. (2018). Shortage of teachers in Johor and Selangor. The Star Online. Retrieved July 28, 2018 from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/07/23/shortage-of-teachers-in-johor-and-selangor
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015. (NHMS 2015). Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015
NUTP. (2018). NUTP - Teachers: Teaching no longer a passion but a burden today. Retrieved June 19, 2021, from NUTP - Utama website: http://nutp.org.my/isu-semasa/isu-semasa-2018/608-teachers-teaching-no-longer-a-passion-but-a-burden-today
Othman, Z., & Sivasubramaniam, V. (2019). Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Secondary School Informants in Klang, Malaysia. International Medical Journal (1994). 26. 71-74. 10.5281/zenodo.2586221.
Pau, K., Ahmad, A. B., Tang, H.-Y., Jusoh, A. J. B., Perveen, A., & Tat, K. K. (2022). Mental Health and Wellbeing of Secondary School Teachers in Malaysia. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, (6), 50–70. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.6.4
Ratanasiripong, P., Park, J. F., Ratanasiripong, N., & Kathalae, D. (2015). Stress and Anxiety Management in Nursing Students: Biofeedback and Mindfulness Meditation. Journal of Nursing Education, 54(9), 520–524. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20150814-07
Rohaidah. (2015). Relationship burnout job satisfaction among living skills subject teachers in secondary schools At Batu Pahat. District. University Of Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia.
Ryan, S. V., von der Embse, N. P., Pendergast, L. L., Saeki, E., Segool, N., & Schwing, S. (2017). Leaving the teaching profession: The role of teacher stress and educational accountability policies on turnover intent. Teaching and Teacher Education, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.03.016
Singer, N. (2021). “Pandemic Teacher Shortages Imperil In-Person Schooling,” New York Times. Retrieved June 11, 2021 from
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/19/us/pandemic-substitute-teacher-shortages.html
Sitheravellu. (2022). Need to address issue of early retirement of teachers. Straits Times Online. Retrieved May 10, 2022 from
https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/letters/2022/04/791119/need- address-issue-early-retirement-teachers
Sorensen, L. C., & Ladd, H. F. (2020). The Hidden Costs of Teacher Turnover. AERA Open, (1), 233285842090581. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858420905812
Steiner, E. D., & Woo, A. (2021, June 15). Job-Related Stress Threatens the Teacher Supply: Key Findings from the 2021 State of the U.S. Teacher Survey | RAND. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1108-1.html
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
Teacher Wellbeing Index. (2021). TWIX. YouGov. Education Support. https://www.educationsupport.org.uk/media/qzna4gxb/twix-2021.pdf
The Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2021). Senarai sekolah. Retrieved from https://www.moe.gov.my/en/muat-turun/laporan-dan-statistik/senarai-sekolah
Truzoli, R., Pirola, V., and Conte, S. (2021), “The impact of risk and protective factors on online teaching experience in high school Italian teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic”, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 940-952.
Turtulla, S. (2017). Examining Levels of Job Burnout Among Teachers Working in Kosova in Terms of Different Variables. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(6), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p285-297
UNESCO; UNICEF; World Bank. (2020). What Have We Learnt? Overview of Findings from a Survey of Ministries of Education on National Responses to COVID-19. Paris, New York, Washington D.C.: UNESCO, UNICEF, World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34700 License: CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.
WHO Interim Commission. (1948). Official Records of the World Health Organization No. 2: Summary Report on Proceedings, Minutes and Final Acts of the International Health Conference Held in New York From 19 June to 22 July 1946. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/85573/Official_record2_eng.pdf;jsessionid=33773C400DF7757170E8BB72CDBBD02E?sequence=1
World Health Organization. (2004). Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice: Summary report. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42940/9241591595.pdf
World Health Organization. (?2013)?. Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506021
World Health Organization. (2020). Doing what matters in times of stress: an illustrated guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
World Health Organization. (2021). Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013–2030. Geneva: Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://www.who.int/initiatives/mental-health-action-plan-2013-2030
World Health Organization. (2022). World mental health report: transforming mental health for all. Geneva: Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1433523/retrieve
Worth, J., and Van den Brande, J. (2019). Teacher Labour Market in England: Annual Report 2019. Slough: NFER. ISBN 978-1-911039-87-7
Zamri E. N., Moy, F. M., Hoe, V.C . (2017). Association of psychological distress and work psychosocial factors with self-reported musculoskeletal pain among secondary school teachers in Malaysia. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(2): e0172195. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172195.
In-Text Citation: (Alzahari et al., 2023)
To Cite this Article: Alzahari, N., Ahmad, Y., Ladisma@Awis, M., & Kamarunzaman, N. Z. (2023). Mental Health Awareness: A Study On Urban Secondary School Teachers In Selangor. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 13(2), 887–902.
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode