Cultivating Remote Work Excellence: The Role of Work Environment, Work-Life Balance, Technology, and HR Policies in Central Malaysia’s Manufacturing Industry

Abubakar, M. A., Elrehail, H., Alatailat, M. A., & Elçi, A. (April-June, 2019). Knowledge management, decision-making style and organizational performance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 4(2), Pages 104-114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.07.003
Aftab, H. M., Khahro, S. H., Memon, N. A., Memon, Z. A., & Mustafa, A. (27 May, 2023). Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance in the Construction Industry of Pakistan. Sustainability. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118699
Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., & Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work-family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345-376.
Anakpo, G., Nqwayibana, Z., & Mishi, S. (2023). The Impact of Work-from-Home on Employee Performance and Productivity: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 15(5):4529. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054529
Arnold, B. B., & Demerouti, E. (2001). The Job Demands-Resources Model of Burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology.
Bailey, D. E., & Kurland, N. B. (2002). A review of telework research: Findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4), 383-400.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2001). The Job Demands-Resources Model: A theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between job demands, job resources, and employee outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(3), 264-275.
Beauregard, T. A., & Henry, L. C. (2009). Making the link between work-life balance practices and organizational performance. Human Resource Management Review, 19(1), 9-22.
Beckel, J. L., & Fisher, G. G. (2022). Telework and Worker Health and Well-Being: A Review and Recommendations for Research and Practice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2-32.
Beckel, J., & Fisher, G. (2022). Telework and Worker Health and Well-Being: A Review and Recommendations for Research and Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
Bentley, T. A., Teo, S. T., McLeod, L., Tan, F., Bosua, R., & Gloet, M. (2016). The role of organizational support in teleworker wellbeing: A socio-technical systems approach. Applied Ergonomics, 52, 207-215.
Bhardwaj, P. (2019). Types of Sampling in Research. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 5(3):p 157-163. doi:10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_62_19
Bones, I. (20 Jan, 2024). 7 IT Infrastructure Components Explained. Retrieved March, 2024, from AllSafeIT: https://www.allsafeit.com/blog/it-infrastructure-components
Boselie, P., Dietz, G., & Boon, C. (2005). Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 67-94.
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., . . . Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. J Res Nurs., 25(8):652-661. doi:10.1177/1744987120927206
Chinna, K., & Yuen, C. W. (2015). Statistical Analysis Using SPSS. (2nd ed.) (Vol. 22). Pearson Malaysia.
Chua, L. C. (2006). Sample Size Estimation Using Krejcie and Morgan and Cohen Statistical Power Analysis: A Comparison. Jurnal Penyelidikan IPBL. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/8303970/SAMPLE_SIZE_ESTIMATION_USING_KREJCIE_AND_MORGAN_AND_COHEN_STATISTICAL_POWER_ANALYSIS_A_COMPARISON
Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of applied psychology, 98.
Daril, M. A., Azman, N. S., Wahab, M. I., Subari, K., khan, N., & Irum, S. (2023). The Impact of Work from Home on Productivity among Manufacturing Industry Workers During MCO. Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering, Vol.16, Issue 1, Winter & Spring 2023, 2190–223. doi:10.22094/JOIE.2023.1973928.2020
Davis, M. A., Schoorman, F. D., & & Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 20-47.
Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2008). Burnout and work engagement: An etiological model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 537-549.
Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2018). The Job Demands-Resources Model: A decade of research on the consequences of job demands and job resources for employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(2), 153-165.
Gegerfelt, J., & Sandstrom, M. (2023). How remote work affect employee productivity. Uppsala University. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1779091/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Gravetter, F., & Wallnau, L. (2014). Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. (8th ed.). Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Allen, T. D. (2011). Work-family balance: A review and extension of the literature. Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology (2nd ed), 165-183.
Harter, J. (2 March, 2023). How Important Is Time in the Office? Retrieved from Gallup: https://www.gallup.com/workplace/468599/important-time-office.aspx
Haseeb, A. (6 May, 2023). The link between employee well-being and organizational success: exploring the evidence. Retrieved March, 2024, from Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/link-between-employee-well-being-organizational-haseeb-aslam-pmp-/
Henke, J. B., Jones, S. K., & O'Neill, T. A. (2022). Skills and abilities to thrive in remote work: What have we learned. Frontiers in Psychology. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893895
InclusivEdge HR. (October, 2023). The Benefits of Remote Work: How Flexibility Attracts Top Talent. Retrieved March, 2024, from Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/benefits-remote-work-how-flexibility-attracts-ongte/
Jaana-Piia, I. M., Ahola, S., & Joensuu, J. (April, 2020). A Novel Construct To Measure Employees’ Technology-Related Experiences of Well-Being: Empirical Validation of the Techno-Work Engagement Scale (TechnoWES). Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. doi:10.16993/sjwop.79
Jawad, G., & Tajik, O. (December, 2022). Convenience Sampling. ResearchGate. doi:10.22034/ijels.2022.162981
Khan, N. (2020). Critical Review of Sampling Techniques in the Research Process in the World. University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Institute of Development Studies. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3572336
Kim, T., Mullins, L. B., & Yoon, T. (2020). Supervision of remote employees: An investigation of leadership styles and employee well-being. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 7(3), 253-270.
Kitagawa, R., Kuroda, S., Okudaira, H., & Owan, H. (2021). Working from home and productivity under the COVID-19 pandemic: Using survey data of four manufacturing firms. Plos One. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261761
Kowalski, G., & Slebarska, K. (2022). Remote Working and Work Effectiveness: A Leader Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22):15326. doi:10.3390/ijerph192215326
Lakhwani, M., Dastane, O., Satar, N. S., & Johari, Z. (2020). The Impact of Technology Adoption on Organizational Productivity. Journal of Industrial Disribution & Business, Vol 11 No 4 (2020) 7-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.13106/JIDB.2020.VOL11.NO4.7
Lal, B., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Haag, M. (2021). Working from Home During Covid-19: Doing and Managing Technology-enabled Social Interaction With Colleagues at a Distance. Information System Frontiers, 1333-1350.
Lisa, T. (June, 2022). The Impact of Hybrid Work on Productivity:. Retrieved March, 2024, from https://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1696127/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Mahesh, D. (2024). Remote Work: Challenges and Strategies for Effective Management. Shanlax International Journal of Management, 145–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.34293/management.v11iS1 -Jan.7156
Majid, A., Sufyan, M., Ameer, I., & Mustak, M. (21 Sept, 2022). Remote work and the COVID-19 pandemic: An artificial intelligence-based topic modeling and a future agenda. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113303
Maruping, L. M., Magni, M., & Thatcher, S. M. (2009). A technology configuration theory of team effectiveness: Effects of team technology fit and informational technology use. MIS Quarterly, 33(2), 325-357.
Morgeson, F. P., Johnson, M. D., Campion, M. A., Medsker, G. J., & Mumford, T. V. (2006). Understanding reactions to job redesign: A quasi-experimental investigation of the moderating effects of organizational context on perceptions of performance behavior. Personnel Psychology, 59(2), 333-363.
Nan, L. Y., Nee, H. Y., Ren, H. H., & Johan, M. R. (2023). Improving Employee Performance on Work Efficiency: A survey in employee productivity in Malaysia during Covid-19 Pandemic Age. Jurnal Intelek. Retrieved from https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/82878/1/82878.pdf
Olusegun, O. A. (July, 2023). The Link Between Motivation and Organizational Performance: An Exploration of Factors Influencing Employee Motivation and its Impact on Organizational Success. International Journal of Business Ethics and Governance. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.51325/ijbeg.v6i1.118
OpenDOSM. (2024). Manufacturing Statistics. Retrieved from OpenDOSM: https://open.dosm.gov.my/dashboard/manufacturing-statistics
Ozili, P. K. (2023). The Acceptable R-Square in Empirical Modelling for Social Science Research. In Social Research Methodology and Publishing Results (pp. 134-143).
Pfeffer, J. (1998). Seven practices of successful organizations. California Management Review, 40(2), 96-124.
Predrag, M., Kuzmanovic, B., Miti?, S., & Terek, E. (2022). The effects of organizational culture on job satisfaction and financial performance. Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness, 12(1), 44-56.
Pritha, B. (3 Feb, 2022). Independent vs. Dependent Variables | Definition & Examples. Retrieved March, 2024, from Scribbr: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/independent-and-dependent-variables/
PwC Malaysia. (July, 2022). What Malaysians think about work today, PwC’s Workforce Hopes and Fears Survey 2022 (Malaysia report). Retrieved March, 2024, from https://www.pwc.com/my/en/publications/2022/pwc-workforce-hopes-and-fears-survey-2022.html
Raghuram, S., Garud, R., Wiesenfeld, B., & Gupta, V. (2001). Factors contributing to virtual work adjustment. Journal of Management, 27(3), 383-405.
Raj, R., Kumar, V., Nagendra Kumar Sharma, S. S., & Seema Mahlawat, P. V. (2023). The Study of Remote Working Outcome and its Influence on Firm Performance. Social Sceinces & Humanities Open, 8(1):100528. doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100528
Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J., Barrada, J. R., Fernandez-del-Rio, E., & Koopmans, L. (2019). Assessing Job Performance Using Brief Self-report Scales: The Case of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 195 - 205. doi:https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2019a21
Rashida, B., & Duraipandian, K. (November, 2014). DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE WORK LIFE BALANCE OF IT PROFESSIONALS IN CHENNAI. International Journal of Management (IJM), 5(11), 21-33. Retrieved April, 2024, from https://iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/Journal_uploads/IJM/VOLUME_5_ISSUE_11/10120140511002.pdf
Rohit, R., Vimal, K., Nagendra, K. S., Sumanjeet, S., Seema, M., & Verma, P. (29 April, 2023). The study of remote working outcome and its influence on firm performance. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100528
Sarah, M. S., & Ruiz, J. (20 May, 2020). Challenges and barriers in virtual teams: a literature review. Discover Applied Sciences, 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2801-5
Saurombe, M. D., Rayners, S. S., Mokgobu, K. A., & Manka, K. (2022). The perceived influence of remote working on specific human resource management outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(0), a2033. doi:https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v20i0.2033
Scally, A. (2021). Productivity in a changing workplace. Property Journal. Retrieved from https://ww3.rics.org/uk/en/journals/property-journal/productivity-in-a-changing-workplace--.html
Shamoel, H. (August, 2023). The Impact of Remote Work on HR Practices:Navigating Challenges, Embracing Opportunities. European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies. doi:10.46827/ejhrms.v7i1.1549
Sharma, C., Rashi, Sharma, A., Jha, A., Prakash, B., & Arya, S. (2024). The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Fostering Employee Engagement and Resilience. European Economic Letters, 57-63.
Shivangi, S., & Gautam, P. (2023). Dimensions of Employee Well-Being at Work: A New Analytic Framework. In Advances in Modelling and Optimization of Manufacturing and Industrial Systems (pp. 523-532). doi:10.1007/978-981-19-6107-6_37
Statista, R. D. (2024). Distribution of the manufacturing value added in Malaysia in 2023, by sector. Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/942316/malaysia-manufacturing-value-added-by-sector/#:~:text=In%20total%2C%20about%2023%20percent%20of%20the,country%27s%20GDP%20was%20generated%20by%20the%20manufacturing%20industry.
Supriya, Y., Bhulakshmi, D., Bhattacharya, S., Gadekallu, T. R., Vyas, P., Kaluri, R., . . . MAHMUD, M. (2024). Industry 5.0 in Smart Education: Concepts,Applications, Challenges, Opportunities,and Future Directions. IEEE Access, 81938-81967.
Umishio, W., Kagi, N., Asaoka, R., Hayashi, M., Sawachi, T., & Ueno, T. (2022). Work productivity in the office and at home during the COVID?19 pandemic: A cross?sectional analysis of office workers in Japan. Infoor Air, 32(1): e12913. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12913
Venkatesh, V., & Bala, H. (2008). Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decision Sciences, 39(2), 273-315.
Wright, P. M., & Nishii, L. H. (2013). Strategic HRM and organizational behavior: Integrating multiple levels of analysis. HRM and Performance: Achievements and Challenges, 97-110.

Zainal, N. S. B. N., Sing, R. D. R., Hassan, N. H. S. Bin, & Kanapathipillai, K. (2024). Cultivating Remote Work Excellence: The Role of Work Environment, Work-Life Balance, Technology, and HR Policies in Central Malaysia’s Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 14(4), 1460–1476.

Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode