Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Article III of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty: A Critical Analysis

LOH Ing Hoe, Roslan UMAR, Mohd Khairul Amri KAMARUDIN

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i5/4106

Open access

Article III of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty states that international law is applicable in exploration of outer space. However, Article III does not mention any limitation of international law in the exploration of outer space. The absence of limitation clause has caused discrepancy between law of outer space and international law because the principles governing the laws are different. This paper investigates the discrepancy of principles between the law of outer space and the international law in the exploration of outer space. Qualitative methodology with analytical and comparative approaches was used to in this research. Results indicate that the discrepancy between outer space law and international law has caused discrepancy of law between the outer space law and international law in the exploration of outer space.

Abeyratne, R. (2003). ‘The application of intellectual property rights to outer space activities’ 29 Journal of Space Law 5.
Bourbonniere, M. (2005). ‘National security law in outer space: the interface of exploration and security’, 70 Journal of Air Law and Commerce 16.
Carl, Q. C. (1991). Space Law, Past, Present, and Future, The Exploration, Exploitation, and Use of Outer Space, Celestial Bodies and Resources, Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers. p. 88.
Diederiks-Verschoor, I. H. (1999). An Introduction to Space Law, Kluwer Law International, p. 4.
Frans, G., Von Der Dunk (1992). Jus Cogens Sive Lex Ferenda: Jus Cogendum? Air and Space Law: De Lege Ferenda: Essays in Honour of Henri A. Wassenbergh, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, p. 230.
Institute of Lifelong Learning (2012) MSc in Risk, Crisis and Disaster Management, Course Handbook.
Island of Palmas Arbitration Case ICGJ 392. (PCA 1928).
Jasentuliyana, N. (1999). International Space Law and the United Nations, Kluwer Law International, p. 103
Malcom, D. E. (2006). International Law, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, p. 637.
Marko, G. M. (1976). ‘Disarmament and “peaceful purposes” provisions in the 1967 outer space treaty’, 4(1) Journal of Space Law 3
Markoff, G. (1976). ‘Disarmament and “peaceful purposes” provisions in the 1967 outer space treaty’ 4(1) Journal of Space Law 6.
Moragodage, C. W. P. (1996). “Common Heritage of Mankind”: From Metaphor to Myth, and The Consequences of Constructive Ambiguity, Theory of International Law at The Threshold of the 21st Century, Essay in Honour of Krzysztof Skubiszewski, Kluwer Law International, The Hague-London-Boston, p. 254.
O’Brien, J. (2001). International Law, The Subject of International Law, Cavendish Publishing, p. 139.
Polter, D. M. (1976). ‘Remote sensing and state sovereignty’. 4 Journal of Space Law 99.
Rebecca, M. M. W. (2002). International Law, 4th Edition, Sweet and Maxwell Limited, p. 57.
Rex, J. Z. (1980). Will Article III of the Moon Treaty Improve Existing Law?: A Textual Analysis. Chapters in Books and Other Contributions to Scholarly Works by an authorized administrator of TU Law Digital Commons.
Richard, A. M. (1995). ‘Military use if commercial communication satellites: a new look at the outer space treaty and “peaceful purposes”’ (1994-1995) 60 Journal of Air Law and Commerce 303.
Richard, K. G. (2003). International Law, Pearson Education Limited, p. 417.
Ricky, J. L. (2003). ‘The jus ad bellum in spatialis: the exact content and practical implications of the law on the use of force in outer space’, 29 Journal of Space Law 94.
Vladimir, B. (1992). ‘Conference on disarmament on prevention of an arms race in outer space’ 20 Journal of Space Law 35.
Wilde, R. (2008). The Idea of International Territorial Sovereignty, International Territorial Administration, How Trusteeship and the Civilizing Mission Never Went Away, Oxford University Press, p. 99.
Xinmin, M. (2014). ‘The Development of Space Law: Framework, Objectives and Orientations’, http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/spacelaw/activities/2014/splaw2014-keynote.pdf
Yin, R. (2014) (5th ed.) Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

In-Text Citation: (Hoe, Umar, & Kamarudin, 2018)
To Cite this Article: Hoe, L. I., Umar, R., & Kamarudin, M. K. A. (2018). Article Iii Of The 1967 Outer Space Treaty: A Critical Analysis. International Journal Of Academic Research In Business And Social Sciences, 8(5), 326–338.