Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Women in Sport Leadership Positions in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges

Mirian P. Aman, Suharyanti Hanapi, Aminuddin Yusof, Abu Bakar Razali, Roxana Dev Omar Dev

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i11/6715

Open access

Leadership is the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing common set goals, and it can also be defined as the ability of an individual to establish direction for a working group of individuals who gain commitment from this group of members to this direction and who then motivate these members to achieve the direction’s outcomes. Leadership, however, requires neither gender qualifications nor someone with communal or agentic characteristics but one with instinct potential to fulfil responsibilities. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how women leaders perceive the underrepresentation of women in top sport leadership positions in Malaysia. Guided by an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach, data were collected through in-depth, face to face semi structured interviews, observations and document analysis involving seven women leaders in national sport organizations. The findings showed that women were underrepresented in top leadership positions and the subjects revealed perceived barriers which they believe impede women’s ascend in top leadership positions. These barriers include personal limitations which include self-limiting behaviors and work-life conflict among women; sociocultural factors consisting of traditional practices and society’s perceptions; and organizational factors consisting of all-men’s network, gender discrimination and conflict among women. It was concluded that the underrepresentation of women sport leaders is a vicious cycle where there is a chain of events in which the response to one difficulty creates a new problem that intensify and aggravate the original situation.

Aristotelis, G., Kaloyan, K., & Evangelos, B. (2013). Leadership style of Greek soccer coaches. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 13(3), 348-353.
Branson, D. M. (2007). No Seat at the Table: How Corporate Governance and Law Keep Women out of the Board Room. New York: New York University Press.
Burton, L. J. (2015). Underrepresentation of women in sport leadership: A review of research. Sport Management Review, 18(2), 155-165.
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Coleman, M. (2001). Achievement against the odds: The female secondary head teachers in England and Wales. School Leadership & Management, 21(1), 75-100.
Conger, J. A. (1992). Learning to lead. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Couturier, L., & Chepko, S. (2001). Separate world, separate lives, separate sporting models. In G. L. Cohen (Ed.), Women in Sport: Issues and Controversies (2nd ed., pp. 57-78). Exonhill, MD.: AAHPERD publications.
Eagly, A. H., & Dickman, A. B. (2005). What is the problem? Prejudice as an attitude-in context. In J. F. Dovidio, P. Glick, & L. A. Rudman (Eds.), On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport, 19-35. Maiden, MA: Blackwell
Eagly, A. C., & Karau, S. . (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 3, 573-598.
Hancock, M. G., & Hums, M. A. (2015). A “leaky pipeline”? Factors affecting the career development of senior-level female administrators in NCAA Division I athletic departments. Sport Management Review, 19, 198-210.
Hargreaves, J. (2007). Olympic women: A struggle for recognition. In J. O’Reilley, & S. K. Cahn (Eds.), Women and Sports in United States: A Documentary Reader. (pp. 209-234). Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (2nd ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill.
Ismail, M., & Ibrahim, M. (2008). Barriers to career progression faced by women. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23(1), 51-66.
Kanter, R. M. (1977). Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books.
Latu, I. M., Mast, M. S., Lammers, J., & Bombari, D. (2013). Successful female leaders empower women’s behavior in leadership tasks. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 444-448.
Lovett, D. J., & Lowry, C. D. (1994). "Good old boys" and "good old girls" clubs: Myth or reality? Journal of Sport Management, 8, 27-35.
M’mbaha, J. M., & Chepyator-Thomson, J. R. (2018). Factors influencing career paths and progress of Kenyan women in sport leadership. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 1-18.
Massengale, D. (2009). The Underrepresentation of women in interscholastic sport leadership: A qualitative study on the effects of role incongruity (Doctoral Dissertation). UNLV theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones. Paper 64.
Daud, M. A. K., Radzi, W., Abdullah, R., & Johari, F. (2013). The participation of women managers in managing sport: challenges and reality. Life Science, 10(3), 870-878.
Monroe, K. R., & Chiu, W. F. (2010). Gender equality in the academy: The pipeline problem. PS: Political Science & Politics, 43(02), 303-308.
Oxford Dictionary. (2000). Oxford University Press: New York
Parry, K. W. (2011). Constant Comparison. The SAGE Encyclopaedia of Social Science Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Pedersen, P. M., & Whisenant, W. A. (2005). Successful when given the opportunity: Investigating gender representation and success rates of interscholastic Athletic Directors. Physical Educator, 62(4), 1-9
Roach, C. F., & Behling, O. (1984). Functionalism: Basis for an alternate approach to the study of leadership. In J. G. Hunt, D. M. Hosking, C. A. Schriesheim, and R. Stewart (Eds.), Leaders and managers: International perspectives on managerial behavior and leadership. New York: Pergamon Press, pp. 45-62.
Saadin, I., Ramli, K., Johari, H., & Harin, N. A. (2016). Women and b

In-Text Citation: (Aman et al, 2019)
To Cite this Article: Aman, M. P., Hanapi, S., Yusof, A., Razali, A. B. & Dev, R. D. O. (2019). Women in Sport Leadership Positions in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(11), 1506–1519.