ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Delinquents are often associated with deception. However, there is another phenomenon which is far more menacing known as false memory. These two phenomena are different but resulting in the same detrimental consequences. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the difference between normal individuals and delinquents in their performance during false memory and intentional deception tasks. Using DRM paradigm, both groups’ performances were measured by analyzing their reaction time (RT), and percentage of ‘Yes’ responses (accuracy) to the different types of target words. EEG was used to measure P300 Event Related Potential (ERP) for false memory and deception. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between groups in terms of accuracy for false recognition. Non-delinquent participants took longer time in deciding a deceptive response compared to the delinquents, whereas the delinquent participants took more time in responding to false recognition. Finally, P300 event-related potential (ERP) analysis revealed amplitude differences between normal and delinquent participants for deception task; however, there was no significant difference in false memory condition. In conclusion, studies investigating reaction times and neural activities are important for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying false memory and deception.
Abe, N., Okuda, J., Suzuki, M., Sasaki, H., Matsuda T., Mori E., Tsukada M., & Fujii T. (2008). Neural Correlates of True Memory, False Memory and Deception. Cerebral Cortex, 8(12), 2811-2819.
Allen, J. J. B., & Merten, R. (2009). Limitations to the detection of deception: True and false recollections are poorly distinguished using an event-related potential procedure. Social Neuroscience, Special Issue: Neural Correlates of Deception, 4(6), 473-490. DOI:10.1080/17470910802109939.
Brainerd, C. J., Reyna, V. F., & Forrest, T. J. (2003). Are Young Children Susceptible to the False–Memory Illusion? Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 16(2), 169-198. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00477.
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back translation for the cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross Cultural Research, 1(3), 185-216.
Cashwell, C. S., & Vacc, N. A. (1996). Family functioning and risk behaviors: Influences on adolescent delinquency. School Counselor, 44(2), 105-114.
Deese, J. (1959). On prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17-22.
Department of Statistics Malaysia, Official Portal. Retrieved April 21, 2020, from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php\
Evansa, K. M., & Federmeier, K. D. (2009). Left and right memory revisited: Electrophysiological investigations of hemispheric asymmetries at retrieval. Neuropsychologia, 47(2), 303–313.
Gallo, D. A. (2006). Associative illusions of memory: False memory research in DRM and related tasks. New York, NY, US: Psychology Press.
Gudjonssona, G. H., Sigurdssonb, J. F., Asgeirsdottirc, B. B., & Sigfusdottirc, I. D. (2006). Custodial interrogation, false confession and individual differences: A national study among Icelandic youth. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(1), 49–59.
Henry, F. M., & Rogers, E. E. (1960). Increased response latency for complicated movements and a “memory drum” theory of neuromotor reaction. Research Quartely, 3, 448-458.
Klaming, L. (2009). Brushing Up Our Memories: Can We Use Neurotechnologies to Improve Eyewitness Memory? Law, Innovation and Technology, 1(2), 203-221.
Lefebvrea, C. D., Marchand, Y., Smith, S. M., & Connolly, J. F. (2009). Use of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to assess eyewitness accuracy and deception. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 73(3), 218–225.
Loftus, E. F. (2004). The Devil in Confessions. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5. DOI:10.1111/j.1529-1006.2004.00015.x.
Lopes, E. J., & Garcia, R. B. (2014). On the possibility of using reaction time to study false memories. Psychology & Neuroscience, 7(3), 393.
Mak, A. S. (1993). A self-report delinquency scale for Australian adolescents. Australian Journal of Psychology, Vol 45(2), 75-79. DOI:10.1080/00049539308259122.
Miasnikov, A. A., & Weinberger, N. M. (2012). Detection of an inhibitory cortical gradient underlying peak shift in learning: A neural basis for a false memory. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 98(4), 368–379.
Nessler, D., Mecklinger, A., & Penney, T.B. (2001). Event related brain potentials and illusory memories: the effects of differential encoding. Cognitive Brain Research, 10(3), 283–301.
Parker, A., & Dagnall, N. (2012). Effects of saccadic bilateral eye movements on memory in children and adults: An exploratory study. Brain and Cognition, 78(3), 238–247.
Peters, B. (2009). Health's Disease and Condition. http://sleepdisorders .about.com/od/glossary/g/EEG.htm
Raymaekers, L., Peters, M. J. V., Smeets, T., Abidi, L., & Merckelbach, H. (2011). Underestimation of prior remembering and susceptibility to false memories: Two sides of the same coin? Consciousness and Cognition, 20 (4), 1144–1153. DOI:org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.12.010.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 21(4), 803.
Rohany, N., Zainah, A. Z., Rozainee, K., & Latipun. (2010). Effects of Family Functioning, Self-esteem, and Cognitive Distortion on Depression among Malay and Indonesian Juvenile Delinquents. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7, 613–620.
Rohany, N., Zainah, A. Z., Rozainee, K., & Shahrazad, W. S. (2011). Family Functioning, Self-esteem and Cognitive Distortion Among Juvenile Delinquents. The Social Sciences, 6(2), 155-163.
Shen, F. X., & Jones, D. (2011). Brain Scans as Evidence: Truths, Proofs, Lies, and Lessons. Mercer Law Review, 62, 861.
Smart, D., Vassallo, S., Sanson, A., & Dussuyer, I. (2004). Patterns of antisocial behaviour from early to late adolescence. Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
Sweeney-Reed, C. M., Riddell, P. M., Ellis, J. A., Freeman, J. E., & Nasuto, S. J. (2012). Neural correlates of true and false memory in mild cognitive impairment. PLoS ONE, 7(10), e48357. ISSN 1932-6203 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048357.
Vrijj, A., & Mann, S. (2001). Telling and detecting lies in a high stakes situation: The case of a convicted murderer. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 187–203.
Walczyk, J. J., Roper, K. S., Seemann, E., & Humphrey, A. M. (2003). Cognitive mechanisms underlying lying to questions: Response time as a cue to deception. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17(7), 755-774.
Warr, M. (2007). The tangled web: Delinquency, deception and parental attachment. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 36, 607-622.
In-Text Citation: (Khairudin et al., 2021)
To Cite this Article: Khairudin, R., Hoesni, S. M., & Sarnon, N. (2021). Deception and False Memory in Delinquency: An ERP Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(6), 1006–1016.
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode