ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
The integrity of political participation is a practice that should exist in a democratic environment like Malaysia. However, empirical studies on political participation integrity are less concerned by social sciences and humanities scholars. Therefore, this study focuses on examined the psychometric scale of the political participation integrity among young people. An adapted scale of the political participation integrity was tested on 388 students in Melaka state from four higher education institutions, namely Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia, Melaka, Universiti Multimedia (MMU) Melaka and Kolej Universiti Islam Melaka (KUIM) by simple random sampling. The scale of the integrity of political participation Instrument was integrated from a combination of Social Media Usage and Online Political Participation Scale and Integrity Scale to test the value of young people’s integrity through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results show that the multi-dimensional model of political participation integrity has achieved goodness-of-fit and achieved convergent validity based on the significant relationship of each variable. This scale also reached discriminant validity and predictive validity that supports the psychometric characteristics of the Malay version. This study directly contributes to forming the integrity of the political participation scale that previous researchers have overlooked.
Al-Kandari, A., & Hasanen, M. (2012). The impact of the Internet on political attitudes in Kuwait and Egypt. Telematics and Informatics, 29(3), 245–253.
Anduiza, E., Gallego, A., & Jorba, L. (2012). Internet use and the political knowledge gap in Spain. Revista Internacional de Sociología, 70, 129–151.
Babbie, E. (2013). The Practice of Social Research (13th ed.). Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Bekafigo, M. A., & McBride, A. (2013). Who tweets about politics? political participation of twitter users during the 2011 Gubernatorial Elections. Social Science Computer Review, 31(5), 625–643.
Berger, J., & Milkman, K. L. (2012). What makes online content viral? Journal of Marketing Research, 49(2), 192–205.
Chan-Olmsted, S. M., Moonhee, C., & Sangwon, L. (2013). User perceptions of social media: a comparative study of perceived characteristics and user profiles by social media. Online Journal of Communication & Media Technologies, 3(4), 149–178.
Dunne, Á., Lawlor, M., & Rowley, J. (2010). Young people’s use of online social networking sites – a uses and gratifications perspective. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 4(1), 46–58.
Eckstein, K., Noack, P., & Gniewosz, B. (2013). Predictors of intentions to participate in politics and actual political behaviors in young adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 37(5), 428–435.
Febriansyah, M., & Ismail, M., T. (2013). Partisipasi anak muda dalam politik baru di Malaysia. In Simposium Kebudayaan Indonesia Malaysia (SKIM). Bandung: Universitas Padjajaran, Indonesia.
Ferrari, E. (2018). Fake accounts, real activism: Political faking and user-generated satire as activist intervention. New Media and Society, 20(6), 2208–2223.
Gil de Zúñiga, H., Jung, N., & Valenzuela, S. (2012). Social media use for news and individuals’ social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17(3), 319–336.
Gustafsson, N. (2012). The subtle nature of Facebook politics: Swedish social network site users and political participation. New Media & Society, 14(7), 1111–1127.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Education Limited.
Hashim, M. A., Mahpuz, M., Khan, N. A., & Daud, N. M. (2012). Investigating the use of Social Media Among the Young Urban Middle Class in Malaysian politics, and its potential role in changing the Nation’s political landscape. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(8), 1245–1251.
Herman, B. D. (2011). New media law and policy. New Media & Society, 13(2), 350–356.
Kahne, J., & Bowyer, B. (2018). The political significance of social media activity and social networks. Political Communication, 00(00), 1–24.
Kümpel, A. S., Karnowski, V., & Keyling, T. (2015). News Sharing in Social Media: A Review of Current Research on News Sharing Users, Content, and Networks. Social Media + Society, 1(2), 1–14.
Lee, C. S., & Ma, L. (2012). News sharing in social media: The effect of gratifications and prior experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 331–339.
Leong, P. (2015). Political communication in Malaysia: a study on the use of new media in politics. JeDEM, 7(1), 46–71.
Lunnay, B., Borlagdan, J., McNaughton, D., & Ward, P. (2015). Ethical use of social media to facilitate qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research, 25(1), 99–109.
Marsh, D. (2008). New forms of political participation: searching for expert citizens and everyday makers. B.J.Pol.S, 38(1), 247–272.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123408000136
Mohamad, B., Abdu, S. D., & Halim, H. (2018). Youth offline political participation: Trends and role of social media. Jurnal Komunikasi, 34(3), 192–207.
Razali, M., Boyman, S. N., Hussin, N. I., & Nor, W. M. W. A. (2016). Penglibatan politik belia: Satu analisis penyertaan konvensional di Malaysia. Jurnal Perspektif, 2(8), 70–78.
Azizuddin, M. S. (2014). The social media election in Malaysia: The 13th general election in 2013. Kajian Malaysia, 32(March 2008), 123–147.
Fauzi, M. H., & Naim, M. K. C. N. (2012). Tinjauan kepentingan pembangunan modal insan di Malaysia (Review on the importance of human capital development in Malaysia). Jurnal Al-Tamaddun, 7(1), 75–89.
Hamdan, M. H. A. (2015). Peranan media massa memartabatkan integriti nasional. Jurnal Komunikasi Borneo, 2, 57–74.
Hassan, M. S., Allam, S. N., Azni, M. Z., & Khamis, M. H. (2013). Social media and political participation among young people. Jurnal Sains Sosial, 1(1), 95–114.
Muntaen, A. (2015). The impact of Social Media use of political participation (Issue August). Aarhus University.
Norni, M. (2013). 13.3 million M’sians are Facebook users. Borneo Post. http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/06/16/13-3-million-msians-are-facebook-users/
Norris, P. (2000). The worldwide digital divide: Information poverty, the Internet and development. In Annual Meeting of the Political Studies Association of the UK, London School of Economics and Political Science.
Picone, I., De Wolf, R., & Robijt, S. (2016). Who shares what with whom and why?: news sharing profiles amongst flemish news users. Digital Journalism, 4(7), 921–932.
Rogstad, J., & Vestel, V. (2011). The art of articulation: political engagement and social movements in the making among young adults in multicultural settings in Norway. Social Movement Studies, 10(3), 243–264.
Salman, A., Ibrahim, F., Abdullah, M. Y., Mustaffa, N., & Mahbob, M. H. (2011). The impact of new media on traditional mainstream mass media. Innovation Journal, 16(3), 2–11.
Schlenker, B. R. (2008). Integrity and character: implications of principled and expedient ethical ideologies. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(10), 1078–1125.
Schlenker, B. R., Miller, M. L., & Johnson, R. M. (2009). Moral identity, integrity, and personal responsibility. In Personality, identity, and character: Explorations in moral psychology (pp. 316–340). Cambridge University Press.
Shaheen, M. (2008). Use of social networks and information seeking behavior of students during political crises in Pakistan: A case study. The International Information Library Review, 40(3), 142–147.
Subramaniam, B. (2015). On the social media circuit. The Star Online. http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Education/2014/01/05/On-the-social-media-circuit/
Theocharis, Y., & Quintelier, E. (2014). Stimulating citizenship or expanding entertainment? The effect of Facebook on adolescent participation. New Media & Society, 1, 1–20.
University, S. H. (2014). How to: Use Social Media for Recruiting. Sheffield Hallam University. http://mashable.com/2011/06/11/social-media-recruiting/
Valenzuela, S. (2013). Unpacking the use of social media for protest behavior: the roles of information, opinion expression, and activism. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(7), 920–942.
Valenzuela, S., Arriagada, A., & Scherman, A. (2012). The social media basis of youth protest behavior: the case of Chile. Journal of Communication, 62(2), 299–314.
Wellman, B., & Haase, A. (2001). Does the internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? Social networks, participation, and community commitment. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 436–455.
Yang, H. C., “Chris,” & DeHart, J. L. (2016). Social media use and online political participation among college students during the US election 2012. Social Media + Society, 1(1), 1–18.
Yoo, S. W., & Gil de Zuniga, H. (2014). Connecting blog, Twitter and Facebook use with gaps in knowledge and participation. Communication and Society, 27(4), 33–48.
Zhang, W., & Chia, S. C. (2006). The effects of mass media use and social capital on civic and political participation. Communication Studies, 57(3), 277–297.
In-Text Citation: (Hassan et al., 2021)
To Cite this Article: Hassan, M. S., Mahbob, M. H., Wahab, Z. A., & Mustaffa, F. (2021). Political Participation Integrity Scale: Validity and Psychometric. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(8), 1498–1513.
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode