ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
The concepts of fatwa and ijtihad allow everyone to issue ijtihad. It is supported by the method of fiqh, whereby an ‘ijtihad cannot invalidate another ijtihad’. This has a significant effect as when many parties issue fatwas, there will be many different fatwas on the same issue that can result in the emergence of fatwas that are non-Shariah-compliant, dangerous, and misguided, which can disrupt harmony in the society. Therefore, this study would like to propose an approach known as the mura'ah al-khilaf method, in resolving the fatwas issued by various parties, especially in the state of Perlis, through the role of the Perlis State Mufti Department. This study's methodology is qualitative, in which the data are collected through library research and field studies. The library research was conducted by examining books, articles, statutes, and related circulars. From the practical aspect, field studies were conducted using an unstructured interview method with two interviewees from the Perlis State Mufti Department. The results showed that the mura'ah al-khilaf method has a significant role in supporting the role of the mufti department as the main reference by all state government bodies and the public in matters of fatwa and religion of Islam. The results also found that the mufti department has a strong fatwa committee composition and fatwa issuance method. Findings revealed that there is legal control over the issuance of fatwas and religious guidelines, which are not to be abused by any parties.
Abu Dawud, S. S. (2009). Sunan Abu Dawud. Beirut: Dar al-Risalah al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Ahmad, M., Aziz, A., Afad, M. N., Muniroh, S. M., & Qodim, H. (2021). The Sufi order against religious radicalism in Indonesia. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 77(4), 11.
Al-‘Attar, A. T. (1993). Tatbiq al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyyah fi al-‘Alam al-Islami. Qaherah: Dar al-Fadilah.
Al-Amidi, S. M. (2003). Muntaha al-Sul fi ‘Ilm al-Usul. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Ashqar, U. U. (2008). Fauda al-Ifta’. al-Urdun: Dar al-Nafais.
Al-Bukhari, M. I. (1422H). Sahih al-Bukhari. Jiddah: Dar Tauq al-Najah.
Al-Dhahabi, S. M. A. (1985). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala’. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah.
Al-Dusuqi, M. (n.d.). al-Ijtihad fi al-Fiqh al-Islami. Qaherah: al-Majlis al-A’la.
Al-Fahri, I. F. (2001). Mafhum al-Ijma’ ‘inda al-Imam al-Shafi‘i. Qaherah: Dar al-Salam.
Al-Ghazali, M. M. (1997). al-Mustasfa fi ‘Ilm al-Usul. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah.
Al-Manjur, A. A. (n. d.). Sharh al-Manhaj al-Muntakhab. Riyad: Dar al-Shanqiti.
Al-Mawardi, A. M. H. (1986). al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah. Kuwait: Maktabah Dar Ibn Qutaibah.
Al-Muhamid, S. A. H. (2001). Masirah al-Fiqh al-Islami al-Mu’asir. Urdun: Dar ‘Ammar.
Al-Muraghi, M. M. (2011). al-Ijtihad fi al-Islam. Jiddah: Maktabah Kunuz al-Ma’rifah.
Al-Nadwi, A. A. (2009). al-Qawa’id al-Fiqhiyyah. Dimashq: Dar al-Qalam.
Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2011). Madkhal li Dirasah al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyyah. Qaherah: Maktabah Wahbah.
Al-Qayyim, M. A. (1973). I’lam al-Muwaqqi’in. Beirut: Dar al-Jil.
Al-Risa’, M. A. (1993). Sharh Hudud Ibn ‘Urfah. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
Al-Shahid, A. A. (2005). Hujjah Allah al-Balighah. Beirut: Dar al-Jil.
Al-Shatibi, I. M. (1997). al-Muwafaqat. Sa’udi: Dar Ibn ‘Affan.
Al-Shaukani, M. A. (1396H). Al-Qawl al-Mufid. Kuwait: Dar al-Qalam.
Al-Shaukani, M. A. (1999). Irshad al-Fuhul. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi.
Al-Subki, T. A. (1991). al-Ashbah wa al-Nazair. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Tha’alabi, M. H. (2012). al-Fikr al-Sami fi Tarikh al-Fiqh al-Islami. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Asriyyah.
Al-Zarqa’, M. A. (1999). Fatawa. Dimashq: Dar al-Qalam.
Al-Zuhaili, M. M. (2013). al-Qawaid al-Fiqhiyyah. Dimashq: Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Zuhaili, W. (2014). Juhud Taqnin al-Fiqh al-Islami. Dimashq: Dar al-Fikr.
Asni, F. (2018). Analysis of the Concept of Fatwa Uniformity according Mura’ah Al-Khilaf Method. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7).
Asni, F. (2020). Management of fatwa standardisation on the practice of bay’‘inah contract in Malaysia: an analysis according to usul al-Fiqh and mura’aht al-Khilaf method. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets.
Asni, F. (2021). The difference of Shariah risk potential and Shariah risk in personal financing products based on tawarruq munazzam contracts practised in Malaysia. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets.
Asni, F. A. H. M. (2017). Al-Syatibi Approach in Fatwa Standardizations and its Effect of States’ Fatwa Committee. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4), 1175-1183.
Asni, F. A. H. M. (2017). Al-Syatibi Methodology Analysis In The Unification Of Usul Al-Fiqh Methods. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(7), 260-268.
Asni, F. A. H. M. (2017). The Practices Of Weak (Daif) Hadiths In Production Of Islamic Law From The Perspectives Of Hadith Studies And Fatwa Legislators In Malaysia. Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 7(1), 1-9.
Asni, F. A. H. M., Sulong, J., & Ismail, A. (2017). Penggunaan hadis daif dalam fatwa mengenai wasiat di Malaysia serta langkah penyelesaiannya. Journal of Hadith Studies, 2(1): 39-50.
Asni, F., & Sulong, J. (2021). The mura’ah al-khilaf and ma’alat method in fatwa decisions: its application for fatwa coordination related to conditional hibah in Malaysia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management.
Asni, F., Mahamud, M. A., & Sulong, J. (2020). Socio-economics and management of Muslim cemetery waqf using istibdal and GIS method in Penang state. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research.
Asni, M. F. A. H. M., & Sulong, J. (2016). Fatwa berhubung wasiat wajibah dan keseragaman peruntukannya dalam fatwa Negeri-Negeri Di Malaysia. Al-Qanatir International Journal of Islamic Studies, 5(1), 1-15.
Asni, M. F. A. H. M., & Sulong, J. (2017). Fatwa coordination between states: analysis of the practices of standardization and its method in Malaysia. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 9(1), 86-109.
Asni, M. F. A. H. M., & Sulong, J. (2017). Penyelarasan Fatwa Antara Negeri-Negeri: Analisis Amalan dan Kaedah Penyeragamannya di Malaysia. Nilai: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia.
Asni, M. F. A. H. M., & Sulong, J. (2017). Standardisation of fatwa regarding waqf issues in Malaysia: a literature review. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 9(1), 110-128.
Azhar, A., & Baderuddin, M. S. M. (2018). Prosedur Istinbat dan Pewartaan Fatwa Ajaran Sesat di Negeri Kedah: Satu Tinjauan: The Issuance Procedure and Gazetting Fatwa of Deviant Teaching in Kedah State: an Overview. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 86-99.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). A Concise Introduction to Mixed Methods Research. SAGE Publications.
Dahlan, M. A., Solahuddin, A. H., Abd Rahman, N. N. (2014). Sejarah penginstitusian fatwa di negeri Perlis: Pentadbiran dan metodologi penetapan, In: 23rd International Conference of Historians of Asia 2014 (IAHA2014), 23 - 27 August 2014, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American journal of theoretical and applied statistics, 5(1), 1-4.
Gunarathne, N., & Senaratne, S. (2017). Diffusion of Integrated Reporting in An Emerging South Asian (SAARC) Nation. Managerial Auditing Journal 32(4), 524-548.
Hassan, S. A., & Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W. (2020). Research Design Based on Fatwa Making Process: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(6), 241-246.
Hazman, A., Ahmad, B., & Pauzi, N. (2020). An Elopement Marriage of the Virgin Who Still Has Famliy Guardian: An Analysis of the Fatwa in Perlis. Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077) 17(3), 268-290.
Ibn ‘Abidin, M. A. (1386H). Raddu Al-Mukhtar. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Ishak, M. S. I., & Asni, F. (2020). The role of maqasid al-Shari?ah in applying fiqh muamalat into modern Islamic banking in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research.
Jaddiyyah, U. (2010). Asl I’tibar al-Maal baina al-Nazariyyah wa al-Tatbiq. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm.
Kathir, I. U. (1988). al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah. Beirut: Dar Ihya’.
Khudzri, W. A. R. (2006). Analisis Penggunaan Kaedah Istinbat Dalam Penetapan Fatwa Di Malaysia: Kajian Di Jabatan-Jabatan Mufti Terpilih, PhD Dissertation, Department of Islamic Studies, School of Humanities, USM.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Data Management and Analysis Methods, in Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.)., (2011), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. SAGE.
Musa, S. M. (n.d.). al-Ijtihad wa Mada Hajatuna fi Hadha al-‘Asr. Qaherah: Dar al-Kutub al-Hadithah.
Parker, L. D., & Roffey, B. H. (1997). Methodological themes. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 10(2): 212-247.
Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
Robertson, F. A., & Samy, M. (2015). Factors affecting the diffusion of integrated reporting–a UK FTSE 100 perspective. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal.
Sulong, J. (2014). Pemikiran Epistemologi IlmuAbd Allah Ibn al-Muqaffa'dalam Penyeragaman Undang-Undang: Pengaruhnya di Malaysia. Afkar-Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam, 97-130.
Yusli, A. Y., Asni, F., & binti Umar, A. I. (2021). The Role of Fiqh Method in Strengthening Fatwa Related to Vaccine Injection for Prevent Covid-19 by Perlis State Mufti. Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(8), 1439-1449.
Zakaria, Z. I. (2019). CABARAN PELAKSANAAN PENGUATKUASAAN UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH SYARIAH DI NEGERI MELAKA: The Challenges of Implementing the Enforcement of Syariah Criminal Law in Malacca. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 7(2), 13-26.
In-Text Citation: (Asni, 2021)
To Cite this Article: Asni, F. (2021). The Role of Mura’ah al-Khilaf Epistemology in the Standardisation of Fatwa: An Analysis at the Perlis State Mufti Department. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(10), 144–156.
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode