ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
This study explores the effect of job stress's factors, role ambiguity and time pressure on job performance among employees in one of the water supply services companies situated at Muar, Johor, Malaysia. Besides, this study also aims to examine the most influential predictor on job performance among the respective employees. The study chose 144 employees from the respective company conveniently to participate in this study. All questionnaires were returned with complete answers by the respondents. Data had been evaluated through three analyses: descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results of the descriptive analysis indicated that the majority of the respondents were male, married and aged between 20 to 30 years old. Besides, most of the respondents have worked with the company for more than 15 years and SPM holders. Based on the correlation analysis, the finding discovered a positive and weak relationship between time pressure and job performance. Nevertheless, the result indicated that role ambiguity has a positive and strong relationship with job performance. Moreover, the study's findings based on regression analysis revealed that job stress factors had an influence of 55.9% on job performance. Another 44.1% was conceivably influenced by other variables that were not being studied. Furthermore, it also showed that role ambiguity is the most influenced factor of job stress on job performance. The finding of this study offers several significant insights and information for the company about the importance of job stress and its relationship with the employees' job performance.
Abuaddous, M., Hanefah, M. M., & Laili, N. H. (2014). Accounting Standards, Goodwill Impairment And Earnings Management In Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(12), 201-211.
Ahmed, A., & Ramzan, M. (2013). Effects of Job Stress on Employees Job Performance: A Study on Banking Sector of Pakistan. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 11(6), 61-68.
Altindag, O. (2020). Relationship Between Stress Management and Job Performance in Organizations. International Journal of Research In Business and Social Science, 9(2), 43-49.
Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of Employee Engagement and Their Impact on Employee Performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 308-323.
Azmi, F. S., Md. Shahid, S. A., & Alwi, A. (2016). The Relationship between Job Stress and Front-liners Performance in a Shared Service Center in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(7), 510-513.
Beehr, T. A. (1976). Perceived Situational Moderators of The Relation Between Subjective Role Ambiguity and Role Strain. J. Appl. Psychol., 61: 35-40.
Bhuian, S. N., Menguc, B. & Borsboom, R. (2005). Stressors and Job Outcomes in Sales: A Triphasic Model versus a Linear-Quadratic_Interactive Model. Journal of Business Research, 58, 141-150.
Bin, A. S. (2015). The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction, Job Performance And Employee Engagement: An Explorative Study. Issues ?n Business Management And Economics, 4(1), 1-8.
Broberg, P., Tagesson, T., Argento, D., Gyllegnahm, N., and Martensson, O. (2017). Explaining the Influence of Time Budget Pressure on Audit Quality in Sweden. Journal of Management and Governance, 21 (2).
Burney, L., & Widener, S. K. (2007). Strategic Performance Measurement Systems, Job Relevant Information, and Managerial Behavioural Responses – Role Stress and Performance. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 19(1), 43–69.
Chang, T. Y., & Chang, Y. L. (2007). Relationship Between Role Stress And Job Performance In Sales people Employed By Travel Agents In Taiwan. International Journal of Stress Management, 14, 211–223.
Chen, J., & Silverthorne, C. (2008). The Impact of Locus of Control on Job Stress, Job Performance and Job Satisfaction in Taiwan. Leadership & Organization, Development Journal, 29(7), 572-582.
Gevers, J. M. P., Van Eerde, W., & Rutte, C. G. (2001). Time Pressure, Potency, and Progress in Project Groups. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 10, 205–221.
Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. A. (2007), Behavior in OrganizationsOrganisations: Understanding and Meaning the Human Side Of Work, Prentice Hall.
Haider, Y., & Supriya, M. V. (2007). Career Management: A View Through Stress Window. International Review of Business Research Papers, 3(5), 182-192.
Hair, J., Babin, B., Money, A., and Samouel, P. (2003) 'Essentials of Business Research Methods', New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Harijanto, D., Nimran, U., Sudiro, A., & Rahayu, M. (2013). The Influence of Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity on The Employee's Performance Through Commitment and Self Efficacy (Study on Nurses at Public Health Service Center of Kabupaten Kediri, East Java. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 98-105.
Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and Reliability in Quantitative Studies. Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(3), 66-67.
Hofmann, V., & Stokburger-Sauer, N. E. (2017). The Impact of Emotional Labor on Employees' Work-Life Balance Perception and Commitment: A Study In The Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 65, 47-58.
Imtiaz, S., & Ahmad, S. (2009). Impact of Stress on Employee Productivity, Performance and Turnover; An Important Managerial Issue. International Review of Business Research Papers, 468-477.
Jamal, M. (2007). Job Stress And Job Performance Controversy Revisited: An Empirical Examination In Two Countries. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 175-187.
Jayashree, R. (2010). Stress Management with Special Reference to Public Sector Bank Employees in Chennai. International Journal of Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies, 1(3), 34-39.
Johnson, E. J., Payne, J. W., & Bettman, J. R. (1993). Adapting to Time Constraints. In O. Svenson & A. J. Maule (Eds.), Time Pressure and Stress in Human Judgment and Decision Making (pp. 103-116). New York, NY, USA: Plenum Press.
Kahn R. L., Wolfe D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). OrganizationalOrganisational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
Kalbers, L. P., & Cenker, W. J. (2008). The Impact of Exercised Responsibility, Experience, Autonomy, and Role Ambiguity on Job Performance in Public Accounting. Journal of Managerial Issues, 20 (3), 327-347.
Karatepe, O. M., & Uludag, O. (2008). Role Stress, Burnout and Their Effects on Frontline Hotel Employees' Job Performance. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(2), 111-126.
Klapproth, F. (2008). Time And Decision Making In Humans. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 8(4), 509-524.
Koca, S., & Y?ld?z, S. M. (2018). An Investigation OfRelationships Among Stress Resources Of Football Referees, Job Satisfaction And Job Performance. Spor Bilimleri Ara?t?rmalar? Dergisi, 3(2), 195-207.
Lang, J., Thomas, J. L., Bliese, P. D., & Adler, A. B. (2007). Job demands and job performance: the mediating effect of psychological and physical strain and the moderating effect of role clarity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(2), 116-124.
Larson, L. L. (2004). Internal Auditors and Job Stress. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(9), 1119-1130.
Lee, H. (2012). Incentive Contracts and Time Pressure on Audit Judgment Performance. Managerial Auditing Journal, 27(3), 263-283.
Malek, M. H. B. A. (2010). The Impact of Job Stress on Job Satisfaction among University Staff: Case Study at Jabatan Pembangunan, University of Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang, 1-89.
Mallow, M. Z. (2016). Occupational Stress in Malaysia: Causes, Effects & Possible Solutions. Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2016 3rd International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities.
Marginson, D. (2006). Information Processing and Management Control: A Note Exploring The Role Played by Information Media in Reducing Role Ambiguity. Management Accounting Research, 17, 187-197.
Meydan, C. H., Dirik, D., & Ery?lmaz, I. (2018). The Moderating Role of Pelz Effect In The Relationship Between Leader Power Sources and Job Satisfaction. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi ?ktisadi Ve ?dari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 75-92.
Mimura, C., & Griffiths, P. (2003). The Effectiveness of Current Approaches to Workplace Stress Management in the Nursing Profession: An Evidence Based Literature Review. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60, 10-15.
Moore, D. A., and Tenney, E. R. (2012), "Time Pressure, Performance, and Productivity", Neale, M.A. and Mannix, E.A. (Ed.) Looking Back, Moving Forward: A Review of Group and Team-Based Research (Research on Managing Groups and Teams, Vol. 15), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 305-326.
Mukherjee, A., & Maholtra, N. (2006). Does Role Clarity Explain Employee-Perceived Service Quality? A Study of Antecedents and Consequences In Call Centres. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 17 (5), 444-473.
Murali, B. S., Basit, A., & Hassan, Z. (2017). Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performance. International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 5(2), 13-33.
Pediwal, G. L. (2010). Excessive Stress and its Impact on Employee Behavior. Journal of Global Economy, 1(1), 13-40.
Sacramento, C. A., Fay, D., & West, M. A. (2013). Workplace Duties Or Opportunities? Challenge Stressors, Regulatory Focus, And Creativity. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process., 121, 141–157.
Sarasvathy, M. (2013). Identifying Factors that Influences Job Perfomance amongst Employees in Oil Palm Plantation. Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Open University Malaysia, 33.
Sharmilee, B. M., Abdul, B., & Zubair, H. (2017). Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performance. International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 5(2), 13-33.
Singh, J. (1993). Boundary role ambiguity: Facets, Determinants, and Impacts. Journal of Marketing, 57, 11–31.
Van Yperen, N. W., & Hagedoorn, M. (2003). Do High Job Demands Increase Intrinsic Motivation or Fatigue or Both? The Role of Job Control and Job Social Support. The Academy of Management Journal, 46, 339–348.
Vijayan, M. (2017). Impact of Job Stress on Employees' Job Performance in Aavin, Coimbatore. Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour, 6(3), 22-29.
Wijaya, I. A., & Yulyona, M.T. (2017). Does Complexity Audit Task, Time Deadline Pressure, Obedience Pressure, and Information System Expertise Improve Audit Quality? International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(3), 398-403.
Yahaya, A., Yahaya, N., Arshad, K., Ismail, J., & Jaalam, S. (2009). Occupational Stress and Its Effects Towards The Organisation Management. Journal of Social Sciences, 5(4), 390-397.
Yun, S., Takeuchi, R., & Liu, W. (2007). Employee Self-Enhancement Motives and Job Performance Behaviors: Investigating The Moderating Effects of Employee Role Ambiguity and Managerial Perceptions of Employee Commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(3), 745–756.
In-Text Citation: (Zolkapli et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Zolkapli, N. M., Samudin, N. M. R., Ahmad, S. N. A., Bashirun, S. N., Johari, F. S., & Badrolhisam, N. I. (2022). The Effect of Role Ambiguity and Time Pressure on Job Performance among Employees at Water Supply Services Company in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(1), 750 –761.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non0-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode