Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Harmonisation of Related Party Transactions Disclosure Framework Under the Asean Disclosure Standards

Muhammad Umar bin Abdul Razak, Nur Ezan Rahmat, Mazlina Mahali, Izuan Izzaidi Azmi

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i11/11323

Open access

The accelerated growth in international trade and commerce brought by robust technology development commonly referred to as 'globalisation’ has attracted the interest of governments and businesses and legal harmonisation. Harmonisation of law improves legal certainty and predictability. As most corporations in Asia are highly concentrated, it has been acknowledged that the protection of minority shareholders is considerably weak. It is believed that this perception of weakness is caused by a poor corporate disclosure regime, lack of independence in the executive boards, as well as lack of protection of the minority shareholders. One of the initiatives was to harmonise the laws via the ASEAN Disclosure Standards that allows cross-listing offering of financial products and services in ASEAN by removing regulatory barriers and ASEAN members’ restrictive national measures and replacing them with common disclosure standards. This paper discusses the use of model laws as instruments of legal harmonisation by drawing comparisons to the European Union’s Shareholder Rights Amending Directive 2017/828. This paper finds that the ASEAN Disclosure Standards does not incorporate the ex-ante approval process, absence of approval from an independent body such as independent directors and approval by the minority shareholders. This paper makes two recommendations to strengthen the regulatory framework in the ASEAN Disclosure Standards to protect the minority shareholders’ interest in RPTs and ultimately to achieve better corporate governance in the region.

Abdul Rahman, R., & Salim, M. R. (2010). Corporate Governance in Malaysia: Theory, Law and Context. Sweet & Maxwell Asia.
Ahmad, A. R. (2016). The ASEAN Charter: An Analysis. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 7, 83–94.
ASEAN Capital Markets Forum. (2016). ACMF Action Plan 2016-2020 (Issue April).
Budiyanti, H., Tandelin, E., & Husnan, S. (2020). Related party transactions on tunnelling and propping perspective. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 25(1), 46–72.
Chen, C., & Wan, W. Y. (2018). Transnational Corporate Governance Codes: Lessons from Regulating Related Party Transactions in Hong Kong and Singapore. In Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs (36th ed., pp. 56–93).
https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004414181_003
Chiu, I. H. Y. (2016). European Shareholder Rights Directive proposals: a critical analysis in mapping with the UK Stewardship Code? ERA Forum, 17(1), 31–44.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12027-016-0415-6
Claessens, S., Djankov, S., & Lang, L. H. P. (1999). Who Controls East Asian Corporations? World Bank Discussion Paper No. 2054, 202, Washington: The World Bank.
Dallas, G., & Pitt-Watson, D. (2016). Corporate Governance Policy in the European Union. CFA Institute.
Davidson, P. J. (1994). ASEAN: The Legal Framework for Its Trade Relations. International Journal, 49(3), 588–612.
Deinla, I. (2017). ASEAN Community and Building the Law Regime in ASEAN. In The Development of the Rule of Law in ASEAN (Vol. 13, Issue 2007).
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108147934.006
Engert, A., & Florstedt, T. (2019). Which related party transactions should be subject to ex ante review? Evidence from Germany. Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 0(0), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735970.2019.1667744
Enriques, L. (2015). Related Party Transactions: Policy Options and Real-World Challenges (with a Critique of the European Commission Proposal). European Business Organization Law Review, 16(1), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40804-015-0001-3
Enriques, L. (2017). A harmonized European company law: Are we there already? International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 66(3), 763–777.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589317000239
Enriques, L., & Troeger, T. H. (Eds.). (2019). The Law and Finance of Related Party Transactions. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/0.1017/9781108554442
Faria, J. A. E. (2002). Legal Harmonization Through Model Laws?: the Experience of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (Uncitral). 1883(March 1883).
Gelter, M. (2017). EU company law harmonization between convergence and varieties of capitalism. In Research Handbook on the History of Corporate and Company Law (355/2017, Issue June).
Goldstein, J. (2004). The Asean Way and the Role of Law in Asean Economic Cooperation. Singapore Year Book of International Law, 8(8), 165–176.
Gözlügöl, A. A. (2020). The Political Economy of the Related Party Transactions Regulation in the Shareholders’ Rights Directive II. Yearbook of European Law, 39(1), 497–535. https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/yeaa011
Hopkins, W. J. (2015). Falling on stony ground: ASEAN’s acceptance of EU constitutional norms. Asia Europe Journal, 13(3), 275–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-015-0419-9
International Finance Corporation. (2015). A Guide to Corporate Governance Practices in the European Union.
http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/c44d6d0047b7597bb7d9f7299ede9589/CG_Practices_in_EU_Guide.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
Ishikawa, K. (2021). The ASEAN Economic Community and ASEAN economic integration. Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, 10(1), 24–41.
https://doi.org/10.1080/24761028.2021.1891702
James, H. L., Ngo, T., & Wang, H. (2021). Independent director tenure and corporate transparency. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 57(November 2020), 101413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2021.101413
Johnson, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-De-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2000). Tunnelling. American Economic Review, 90(2), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.2307/117185
Kamin, K. A., & Rachlinski, J. J. (1995). Ex Post ? Ex Ante?: Determining Liability in Hindsight. Law and Human Behaviour, 19(1), 89–104.
Kraakman, R., Davies, P., Hansmann, H., Hertig, G., Hopt, K., Kanda, H., & Rock, E. (2006). The Anatomy of Corporate Law A Comparative and Functional Approach. Oxford University Press.
Maume, P. (2016). Conflict of interest and disclosure under company law: A continental-European perspective on legal origins. Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 16(1), 69–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735970.2015.1101306
Nghee, L. (1997). UNIDROIT Principles-A Model for the Harmonization of ASEAN Contract Law. Singapore Law Review, 18, 355–393.
Nugraheni, N., Huda, M. K., & Kamarudin, K. (2016). Harmonizing Competition Law in the Asean Economic Community. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 9(April), 48–53.
Nurul, B. (2017). The Development of ASEAN’s Intellectual Property Rights Law; from Trips Compliance to Harmonization. Indonesia Law Review, 7(1), 95.
https://doi.org/10.3868/s050-004-015-0003-8
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2009). Guide on Fighting Abusive Related Party Transactions in Asia. In OECD Publishing.
Paisey, C., & Paisey, N. J. (2004). Harmonisation of company law: Lessons from Scottish and English legal history. Management Decision, 42(8), 1037–1050.
https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740410555506
Rajagukguk, E. (2012). Harmonization of Law in ASEAN Countries towards Economic Integration. Jurnal Hukum Internasional, 9(4), 529.
Ryngaert, M., & Thomas, S. (2012). Not All Related Party Transactions (RPTs) Are the Same: Ex Ante Versus Ex Post RPTs. Journal of Accounting Research, 50(3), 845–882. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2012.00437.x
Siew-Kuan Ng, E. (2013). ASEAN IP Harmonization: Striking the Delicate Balance. Pace International Law Review, 25(1), 1–21.
Silalahi, U. (2017a). The Harmonization of Competition Laws towards the ASEAN Economic Integration. Journal of East Asia and International Law, 10(1), 117–137. https://doi.org/10.14330/jeail.2017.10.1.06
Silalahi, U. (2017b). The Harmonization of Competition Laws towards the ASEAN Economic Integration. Journal of East Asia and International Law, 10(1), 117–137. https://doi.org/10.14330/jeail.2017.10.1.06
Singh, D. R. A. (2009). ASEAN?: perspectives on economic integration?: ASEAN capital market integration?: issues and challenges issues and challenges. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/43635/
Svetlicinii, A. (2017). Building regional competition policy in ASEAN: lessons from the European Competition Network. Asia Europe Journal, 15(3), 341–357.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-017-0479-0
Villiers, C. (2006). Corporate Reporting and Company Law. Cambridge University Press.
Wan, W. Y. (2017). Cross-border public offering of securities in fostering an integrated ASEAN securities market: the experiences of Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. Capital Markets Law Journal, 12(3), 381–411.
Yaqin, A. (2007). Legal Research and Writing (LexisNexis (Ed.)).
Zahid, M. A., & Ali, H. M. (2011). Securities Market Integration in Asia: What Would be the Theoretical Approach. Suffolk University Law Review, 44, 891.
Zekos, G. I. (2003). MNEs, globalisation and digital economy: legal and economic aspects. Managerial Law, 45(1/2), 1–296. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090550310770875

In-Text Citation: (Razak et al., 2021)
To Cite this Article: Razak, M. U. bin A., Rahmat, N. E., Mahali, M., & Azmi, I. I. (2021). Harmonisation of Related Party Transactions Disclosure Framework Under the Asean Disclosure Standards. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(11), 1064 – 1075.