ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
In order to build a prosperous economy in every multi-cultural society like Malaysia, it is important to accept religious diversity and ensure religious freedom at every workplace whether public or private. Islam itself as a religion recognises the diversity of religions and religious freedom at every aspect of life but rejects that all religions are of truth. This article studies the Islamic principles governing diversity of religion and religious freedom specially at the workplaces in the context of Malaysia. The objective of the study is to investigate relevant provisions of Islam that emphasizes the importance of employee’s freedom to practice his religion at workplace and to examine to what extent religious diversity and religious freedom are allowed at workplaces under Islam. The study uses a legal and doctrinal methodology followed by an analytical approach. Both primary and secondary sources are used in interpreting data. The study finds that Islam has allowed religious diversity and religious freedom at all sectors of life including workplaces without sacrificing the Islamic standards for Muslims.
Abdullah, A. (2007). Prophet Muhammad’s last sermon: a Final admonition. Retrieved
from
Al-Goaib, S. (2003). Religiosity and social conformity of university students: An
Analytical Study Applied at King Saoud University. Arts Journal of King Saoud University, 16(1): 51–99.
Al-Munajjid, M. S. (2006). Dealing with Worries and Stress. Retrieved from www.islam-
qa.com/index.php?Pgarticle&lneng&article_id_12.
Arkib Utusan Online. (2010). Konsep Wasatiyah Isu Kalimah Allah sebagai Penjana 1
Malaysia 1 Ummah. Retrieved from http:// www.utusan.com.my/ utusan/ info.asp?y=2010&dt=0205&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Terkini&pg=bt_17.htm.
Achour, M., Nor, M. R. M., M., Yusoff, M. Y. Z. M. (2015). Islamic Personal Religiosity as a
Moderator of Job Strain and Employee’s Well-Being: The Case of Malaysian Academic and Administrative Staff. J Relig Health, 54(2).
Awang, J. (2003). “Toleransi Agama dan Perpaduan Kaum, Pandangan Intelek: Satu
Observasi Ringkas,” in Agama dan Perpaduan Kaum di Malaysia. Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 78.
Bakar, I. A. (2013). The Religious Tolerance in Malaysia: An Exposition, Advances.
Natural and Applied Sciences, 7(1): 90-97.
Chaudhry, M. S. (1993). Human Right in Islam. Lahore: All Pakistan Islamic Education
Congress.
Davidson, J. C., Caddell, D. P. (1994). Religion and the Meaning of Work. Journal for the
Scientific Study of Religion, 135-147.
Ghazali, M. (2004). Khuluk Al-Muslim (Muslim’s Behavior). Damascus: Dar Alkalam.
Ghazali, M. (2001). The Socio-Political Thought of Shah Wali Allah. Islamabad: Islamic
Research Institute.
Ghazzawi, I., Smith, Y. S. (2009) Crafting the Whole Employee: Job Satisfaction, Job
Commitment, and Faith: A New Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda. The Business Review, 12(2): 300-309.
Ghobary, B. B. (2004). Relationship between Reliance on God and Self-Esteem.
International Journal of Psychology, 39, 5–6.
Halim, A. A., Nor, M. R. M., Ibrahim, A. Z. B., & Hamid, F. A. F. A. (2012). Ibn Khaldun’s
Theory of ‘Asabiyyah and Its Application in Modern Muslim Society. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 11(9), 1232-1237.
Hassan, N., Mohammad A., Mohd, F., Rozilah, A. A., & Ali, S. (2015). Religiosity
Perceptions and Employee Turnover Intention in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(1), 122.
Hawa, S. (2004). Tarbeitena alruhiya. Cairo: Dar-Alsalam.
Ibrahim, M. (1997). Al-Qa’idah Al-Tarbawiyyah fil-Islam (The concept of education in
Islam). Amman: Dar Magdlawi.
Ismail, K. (2015). Islam and the Concept of Justice. Jurnal Intelek, 5(2).
Kasmo, M. A., Usman, A. H., Taha, M, Salleh, A. R., & Alias, J. (2015). Religious Tolerance in
Malaysia: A Comparative Study between the Different Religious Groups. Review of European Studies, 7(3), 185.
Khambali @ Hambali, K. M., Haled, M. H. M. (2008). Toleransi Beragama dan
Amalannya di Malaysia: Rujukan kepada Artikel 11 Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia. Jurnal Usuluddin, 27, 83.
Maududi, S. A. (1991). The Meaning of the Qur’an. Lahore: Kazi Publication Incorporate.
Muhtada, D. (2012). Managing Workforce Diversity: An Islamic Perspective. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies (IJIMS), 2(1), 79-108.
Mustapha, M. (2006). Mufti: Beware of Pluralism and Liberalism. The Star Online.
Mutalib, M. M. A., Sulaiman, M. (2017). Understanding Religious Pluralism in Malaysia:
A Christian and Muslim Debate. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(Special Issue – Islam and Contemporary Issues), 175-188.
Muthaliff, M. M. A., Rahman, M. R. A., Mahyuddin, M. K., Mokhtar, A. N., & Ahmad, Y. (2017).
Non-Muslims’ Perception of Islam and Muslims in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia: An Empirical Study. Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship (GBSE), 3(5), 134–151.
Nor, M. R. M. (2011). Religious Tolerance in Malaysia: An Overview. Middle-East
Journal of Scientific Research, 9(1), 23-27.
Noor, N. M. (2008). Work and Women’s Well-Being: Religion and Age as Moderators.
Journal of Religion and Health, 47, 476–490.
Rahman, N. F. A., & Hambali, K. M. (2013). Religious Tolerance in Malaysia: Problems and
Challenges. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 3, 89-90.
Shihab, M. Q. (2006). Tafsir al-Mishb?h: Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian Al-Qur'an.
Lentera Hati.
Sintang, S. (2014). Peaceful Co-Existence in Religious Diversity in Sabah, Malaysia.
Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, 14(1).
Wae-esor, E., Bakar, A. A., & Hee, H. C. (2015). The Impact of Islamic Workplace
Accommodation Towards Job Satisfaction Among Muslim Public Health Employees in Pattani Province, Thailand. Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship (GBSE), 1(1), 35–41.
Yousef, D. A. (2001). Islamic Work Ethic - A Moderator Between Organizational
Commitment and Job Satisfaction in a Cross-Cultural Context. Personnel Review, 30(2), 152-169.
Zafar, H. (2014). Demystifying Islam: Tackling the Tough Questions. Maryland: Rowman
& Littlefield.
Zain, N. R. M., Hasan, R., & Finieli, S. T. (2018). Hijabophobia: A Closed Eye Challenge Towards
Muslim Friendly Hospitality Services in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 8(2).
Zulkefli, M. I. I., Endut, M. N. A., Abdullah, M. R. T. L. & Baharuddin, A. (2018). Towards
Ensuring Inter-Religious Harmony in a Multi-Religious Society of Perak. SHS Web of Conferences 53, 04006.
In-Text Citation: (Mahmod et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Mahmod, N. A. K. N., Yusoff, R. M., Mohd, A., Harun, A., Salleh, M. C. M., Noor, N. A. M., & Islam, M. A. (2022). An Analysis of Islamic Principles on Religious Diversity and Religious Freedom at Workplaces. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(1), 1181 – 1191.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non0-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode