Speech Intelligibility Level Determinants and Measurement Methods

Anderson-Hsieh, J., & Koehler, K. (1988). The effect of foreign accent and speaking rate on native speaker comprehension. Language Learning, 38, 561-593.
Anderson?Hsieh, J., Johnson, R., & Koehler, K. (1992). The relationship between native speaker judgments of nonnative pronunciation and deviance in segmentais, prosody, and syllable structure. Language learning, 42(4), 529-555.
Bilbao, B. S. C. (2002) Speech perception in L2. Odisea, 2, 7-14.
Beinhoff, B. (2014) Perceiving Intelligibility and Accentedness in Non-Native Speech: A Look at Proficiency Levels. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second Language Speech Concordia Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, 5, 2014 © 2014 COPA.
Bello, H., Thai, Y. N., Yuit, C. M., & Nimehchisalem, V. (2020). An acoustic analysis of English vowels produced by Nigerian and Malaysian ESL speakers. Journal of Language and Communication (JLC), 561-575.
Bent, T., & Bradlow, A. R. (2003). The interlanguage intelligibility benefit. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 114(3), 1600-1610.
Bradlow, A. R., & Bent, T. (2002). The clear speech effect for non-native listeners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, 272-284.
Bradlow, A. R., & Pisoni, D. B. (1999). Recognition of spoken words by native and non-native listeners: Talker-, listener-, and item-related factors. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 2074-2085.
Bradlow, A. R., & Bent, T. (2003). Listener adaptation to foreign-accented English. In Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, (pp. 2881-2884). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona.
Bradlow, A. R., & Bent, T. (2008). Perceptual adaptation to non-native speech. Cognition, 06(2), 707-729.
Bradlow, A. R., Nygaard L. C., & Pisoni D. B. (1999). Effects of talker, rate, and amplitude variation on recognition memory for spoken words. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 61 (2), 206-219.
Carney, A. E. (1986). Understanding speech intelligibility in the hearing impaired. Topics in Language Disorders, 6(3), 47-59.
Comrie, B. (1987). The world's major languages. NY: Oxford University Press.
Cristia, A., Seidl, A., Vaughn, C., Schmale, R., Bradlow, A., & Floccia, C. (2012). Linguistic processing of accented speech across the lifespan. Frontiers in psychology, 3, 479.
Crystal, D. (1997). English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Crystal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language (2nd ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davis, M. H., Johnsrude, I. S., Hervais-Adelman, A., Taylor, K., & McGettigan, C. (2005). Lexical information drives perceptual learning of distorted speech: evidence from the comprehension of noise-vocoded sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134(2), 222-241.
De Bodt, M. S., Huici, M. E. H. D., & Van De Heyning, P. H. (2002). Intelligibility as a linear combination of dimensions in dysarthric speech. Journal of Communication Disorders, 35(3), 283-292.
De Vaus, D. A., & de Vaus, D. (2001). Research design in social research. Sage.
Del Puerto, F. G., Lacabex, E. G., & Lecumberri, M. L. G. (2007). The assessment of foreign accent by native and non-native judges. PTLC Proceedings.
Derwing, T. M. & Munro, M. J. (2001). What speaking rates do non-native listeners prefer? Applied Linguistics, 22, 324-337.
Derwing, T. M., & Munro, M. J. (1997). Accent, intelligibility, and comprehensibility: Evidence from four L1s. Studies in second language acquisition, 19(1), 1-16.
Ensz, K. (1982). French attitudes toward typical speech errors of American speakers of French. The Modern Language Journal, 66, 133-139.
Ertmer, D. J. (2010). Relationships between speech intelligibility and word articulation scores in children with hearing loss. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53(5), 1075-1086.
Escudero, P. (2001). The role of the input in the development of L1 and L2 sound contrasts: Language-specific cue weighting for vowels. In A. H.-J. Do, L. Dominguez, & A. Johansen (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (pp. 250–261). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
Escudero, P. (2005). Linguistic perception and second language acquisition: Explaining the attainment of optimal phonological categorization. Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics.
Fayer, J. M., & Krasinski, E. (1987). Native and nonnative judgments of intelligibility and irritation. Language Learning, 37(3), 313-326.
Field, J. (2003). The fuzzy notion of intelligibility: A headache for pronunciation teachers and oral testers. IATEFL Special Interest Groups Newsletter, 34-38.
Flege, J. E. (1984). The detection of French accent by American listeners. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 76(3), 692-707.
Flege, J. E., Schirru, C., & MacKay, I. R. A. (2003). Interaction between the native and second language phonetic subsystems. Speech Communication, 40(4), 467-492.
Fletcher, H. (1953). Speech and Hearing in Communication. Princeton, NJ: Van Nos-trand.
Florentine, M., Buus, S., Scharf, B., & Canevet, G. (1984). Speech reception thresholds in noise for native and non?native listeners. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 75(S1), S84-S84.
Fry, D. B. (1955). Duration and intensity as physical correlates of linguistic stress. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 27, 765-769.
Gass, S., & Varonis, E. M. (1984). The effect of familiarity on the comprehensibility of nonnative speech. Language Learning, 34, 65-89.
Gebhardt, F. (2010). ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION. Retrieved from
http://lettere2.unive.it/lingue/lingua_ING/English_Pronunciation.pdf.
Gilakjani, A. P. (2012). The significance of pronunciation in English language teaching. English language teaching, 5(4), 96.
Gilakjani, A. P., & Ahmadi, M. R. (2011). Why Is Pronunciation So Difficult to Learn?. English Language Teaching, 4(3), 74-83.
Goldinger, S. D. (1996). Words and voices: Episodic traces in spoken word identification and recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 22(5), 1166-1183.
Graddol, D. (1997). The future of English. The British Council.
Graddol, D. (2006). English Next: Why Global English May Mean the End of ‘English as a Foreign Language’. London: British Council.
Hassan, S. M., Hegazi, M., & Al-Kassaby, R. (2013). The effect of intensive auditory training on auditory skills and on speech intelligibility of prelingual cochlear implanted adolescents and adults. Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences, 14(3), 201-206.
Jaber, M., & Hussein, R. F. (2011). Native speakers’ perception of non-native English speech. English Language Teaching, 4(4), 77.
Jenkins, J. (2000). The Phonology of English as an International Language (Oxford University Press, Oxford).
Jenkins, J. (2002). A sociolinguistically based, empirically researched pronunciation syllabus for English as an international language. Applied Linguistics, 23, 83-103.
Jenkins, J. (2007). English as a lingua franca: attitude and identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jung, M-Y. (2010). The Intelligibility and Comprehensibility of World Englishes to Non-Native Speakers. Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 14(2), 141-163.
Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: the English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk and H. G. Widdowson (Eds.). English in the World: Teaching and learning the language and literatures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kachru, B. B. (2004). Asian Englishes: beyond the canon. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Kent, R. D., Weismer, G., Kent, J. F., & Rosenbek, J. C. (1989). Toward phonetic intelligibility testing in dysarthria. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 54(4), 482-499.
Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: implications for international communication and English language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Llurda, E. (2004). Non-native-speaker teachers and English as an International Language. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(3), 314-323.
Magen, H. S. (1998). The perception of foreign-accented speech. Journal of phonetics, 26(4), 381-400.
Mahboob, A. (2014). Englishes in multilingual contexts. In Englishes in Multilingual Contexts (pp. 1-12). Springer Netherlands.
Majanen, S. (2008). English as a Lingua Franca: Teachers' Discourses on Accent and Identity. Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Helsinki.
Mauranen, A. (2006). Signaling and preventing misunderstanding in English as lingua franca communication. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 177(1), 123-150.
Mauranen, A. (2009). Spoken rhetoric: How do natives and non-natives fare? In Suomela-Salmi, Eija & Dervin, Fred (Eds.), Cross-linguistic and Cross-cultural Perspectives on Academic Discourse (pp. 199-218). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mayo, L., Florentine, M., & Buus, S. (1997). Age of second-language acquisition and perception of speech in noise. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, ASHA, 40, 686-693.
Munro, M., & Derwing, T. (2001). Modeling perceptions of the accentedness and comprehensibility of L2 speech. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23, 451-468.
Munro, M. J. (1998). The effects of noise on the intelligibility of foreign-accented speech. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 139-154.
Munro, M. J. (2008). Foreign accent and speech intelligibility. In J. G. Hansen Edwards & M. L. Zampini (Eds.), Phonology & second language acquisition (pp. 193-218). (Vol. 36). Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T. M. (1995a). Foreign accent, comprehensibility, and intelligibility in the speech of second language learners. Language Learning, 45(1), 73- 97.
Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T. M. (1998). The Effects of Speaking Rate on Listener Evaluations of Native and Foreign?Accented Speech. Language Learning, 48(2), 159-182.
Munro, M. J., Flege, J. E., & MacKay, I. R. (1996). The effects of age of second language learning on the production of English vowels. Applied Psycholinguistics, 17(3), 313-334.
Munro, M.,Derwing, T., & Morton, S. (2006). The mutual intelligibility of L2 speech. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 28, 111-131.
Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T. M. (1995) Foreign Accent, comprehensibility, and intelligibility in the speech of second language learners. Language Learning, vol. 45, pp. 73-97.
Nelson, C. (1982). Intelligibility and non-native varieties of English. In B. B. Kachru (Ed.), The other tongue: English across cultures (pp. 58-73). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Nielsen, J. B., & Dau, T. (2009). Development of a Danish speech intelligibility test. International journal of audiology, 48(10), 729-741.
Nygaard, L. C., Sommers, M. S., & Pisoni, D. B. (1994). Speech perception as a talker contingent process. Psychological Science, 5(1), 42-46.
Penrod, J. P. (1985). "Speech discrimination testing." In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of Clinical Audiology, (3rd ed.), 235-255. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Piske, T., MacKay, I. R., & Flege, J. E. (2001). Factors affecting degree of foreign accent in an L2: A review. Journal of phonetics, 29(2), 191-215.
Podlipsky, V. J., Simackova, S., & Petraz, D. (2016). Is there an interlanguage speech credibility benefit?. Topics in Linguistics, 17(1), 30-44.
Reddy, M. S., Mahavidyalaya, P., & Hyderabad, K. (2016). Importance of English Language in today’s world. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(4),179-184.
Salheen, D. A. A., Thai, Y. N., Ali, A. M., & Nimehchisalem, V. (2019). Perceptual learning of systematic variation in Malaysian English among Libyan EFL learners. Journal of Language and Communication (JLC), 351-362.
Schiavetti, N. (1992). Scaling procedures for the measurement of speech intelligibility. In R. D. Kent (Ed.), Intelligibility in speech disorders: Theory, measurement and management (pp. 11-34). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.
Schmied, J. (1991). English in Africa: An Introduction. London: Longman.
Seidlhofer, B. (2001). Closing a conceptual gap: the case for a description of English as a lingua franca. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 133-158.
Seidlhofer, B. (2004). Research perspectives on teaching English as a lingua franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 24: 209-239.
Smith, L. (1992). Spread of English and issues of intelligibility. In Kachru, B.B. (Ed.), The other tongue: English across cultures (pp.75-90). Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Sneddon, J. N. (2003). The Indonesian language: Its history and role in modern society. Sydney: UNSW Press.
Stevens, S. S. (1946). “On the theory of scales of measurement.” Science, 103, 677-680.
Stevens, S. S. (1951). "Mathematics, measurement, and psychophysics." In S.S. Stevens (ed.), Handbook of Experimental Psychology, 1-49. New York: Wiley.
Stibbard, R., & Lee, J. (2006). Evidence against the mismatched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit hypothesis. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 120, 433-442.
Tajima, K., Port, R., & Dalby, J. (1997). Effects of temporal correction on intelligibility of foreign-accented English. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 1-24.
Trofimovich, P., & Baker, W. (2006). Learning second-language suprasegmentals: Effect of L2 experience on prosody and fluency characteristics of L2 speech. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 28, 1-30.
Van Splunder, F. (2013). All Englishes Are Equal (But Some Are More Equal Than Others). BO?AZ?Ç? ÜN?VERS?TES? E??T?M DERG?S?, 30(1).
Van Wijngaarden, S. J. (2000). Speech Intelligibility of Native and Non-Native Speech. In H. J. M. Steeneken, D. A. van Leeuwen & S. J. van Wijngaarden (Eds.), Multi-lingual interoperability in speech technology (pp. 61-66). ISCA.
Van Wijngaarden, S. J. (2001). The intelligibility of non-native Dutch speech. Speech Communication, 35, 103–113.
Van Wijngaarden, S. J., Steeneken, H. J. M., & Houtgast, T. (2002a). Quantifying the intelligibility of speech in noise for non-native talkers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111 (4), 3004-3013.
Van Wijngaarden, S. J., Steeneken, H. J. M., and Houtgast, T. (2002b). Quantifying the intelligibility of speech in noise for non-native listeners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111 (4), 1906–1916.
Weil, S. A. (2003). The impact of perceptual dissimilarity on the perception of foreign accented speech (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).
Womack, T. (1957). Is English a Phonetic Language?. Elementary English, 34(6), 386-388.
Zhao, Y. (1997). The effects of listeners' control of speech rate on second language comprehension. Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 49-68.

In-Text Citation: (Salheen & Thai, 2022)
To Cite this Article: Salheen, D. A. A., & Thai, Y. N. (2022). Speech Intelligibility Level Determinants and Measurement Methods. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(4), 302–315.

Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non0-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode