ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) should be known by school administrators to raise the quality of students in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy research in the past was dispersed. As far as this study is concerned, this is what it has to offer and a novel approach that could lead to future research work. Scale development for students in vocational school contexts, as well as a determination of item dimensionality to measure ESE construct, will be pursued by this study. Seven panelists were used for content and face validity, while 100 students in 23 vocational high schools (VHS) were administered questionnaires to measure construct validity using the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Content Validity Index (CVI), which consists of both I-CVI and S-CVI, was used to assess the initial items' content validity. However, the face validity using Fleiss Kappa Index (FKI). The result for S-CVI is 0.917, FKI is 0.432, the I-CVI met the criteria for 32 items. Four sub-constructs of ESE were identified by the EFA with a total of 78.788 percent of the total variance explained (TVE) in this study. ESE's values can be accurately measured with this instrument, as the researchers discovered during the course of the investigation. Governments, school boards, and other academics may be interested in the study's findings. By doing so, all parties will be able to assess what steps should be taken to raise standards for students in entrepreneurship beyond COVID-19.
Aklin, W. M., Lejuez, C. W., Zvolensky, M. J., Kahler, C. W., & Gwadz, M. (2005). Evaluation of behavioral measures of risk taking propensity with inner city adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(2), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.12.007
Carpenter, S. (2018). Ten Steps in Scale Development and Reporting: A Guide for Researchers. Communication Methods and Measures, 12(1), 25–44.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2017.1396583
Custer, R. L., Scarcella, J. A., & Stewart, B. R. (1999). The Modified Delphi Technique - A Rotational Modification. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 15(2), 1–10.
Hoque, A. S. M. M., & Awang, Z. (2016). Exploratory Factor Analysis of Entrepreneurial Marketing: Scale Development and Validation in The SME Context of Bangladesh. In H. M. M. K. Ahmad Puad Mat Som, Muhamad Fazil Ahmad (Ed.), The International Social Sciences and Tourism Research Conference 2016 (pp. 22–38). Unisza. http://vuir.vu.edu.au/31046/1/Proceedings ISSTRC 2016.pdf
Hsu, D. K., Burmeister-Lamp, K., Simmons, S. A., Foo, M. D., Hong, M. C., & Pipes, J. D. (2019). “I know I can, but I don’t fit”: Perceived fit, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(2), 311–326.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.08.004
Lauriola, M., & Levin, I. P. (2001). Personality traits and risky decision-making in a controlled experimental task: An exploratory study. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(2), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00130-6
Marta, M. S., & Kurniasari, D. (2019). The Interaction of Social Support in the Relationship of Entrepreneurial Education, Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention. BENEFITS Journal of Management and Business, 4(1), 16–26.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23917/benefit.v4i1.7113
McDonald, D., Bammer, G., & Deane, P. (2009). Research Integration Using Dialogue Methods. In Research Integration Using Dialogue Methods. ANU E Press- The Australian National University. https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_459494
Mcgee, J. E., Peterson, M., Mueller, S. L., & Sequeira, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Refining the measure. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(4), 965–988. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00304.x
McGhee, R. L., Ehrler, D. J., Buckhalt, J. A., & Phillips, C. (2012). The Relation between Five-Factor Personality Traits and Risk-Taking Behavior in Preadolescents. Psychology, 03(08), 558–561. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2012.38083
Miao, C., Qian, S., & Ma, D. (2017). The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Firm Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Main and Moderator Effects. Journal of Small Business Management, 55(1), 87–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12240
Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M., & Nielsen, I. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110(May 2018), 403–419.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.012
Nguyen, T. T. (2020). Impact of entrepreneurship environmental support factors to university students’ entrepreneurship self-efficacy. Management Science Letters, 10(6), 1321–1328. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.11.026
Pearson, R. H., & Mundfrom, D. J. (2010). Recommended sample size for conducting exploratory factor analysis on dichotomous data. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 9(2), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1288584240
Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Owen, S. V. (2007). Focus on Research Methods Is the CVI an Acceptable Indicator of Content Validity? Appraisal and Recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30, 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur
Preston, C. C., & Colman, A. M. (2000). Optimal number of response categories in rating scales: Reliability, validity, discriminating power, and respondent preferences. Acta Psychologica, 104(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(99)00050-5
Taber, K. S. (2018). The Use of Cronbach’s Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
Tavakol, M., & Wetzel, A. (2020). Factor Analysis: a means for theory and instrument development in support of construct validity. International Journal of Medical Education, 11, 245–247. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5f96.0f4a
Taylor, E. (2020). We Agree, Don’t We? The Delphi Method for Health Environments Research. Health Environments Research and Design Journal, 13(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586719887709
Vemmy, C. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi berwirausaha siswa SMK. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 2(1), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v2i1.1022
Verhagen, A. P., De Vet, H. C. W., De Bie, R. A., Kessels, A. G. H., Boers, M., Bouter, L. M., & Knipschild, P. G. (1998). The Delphi list: A criteria list for quality assessment of randomized clinical trials for conducting systematic reviews developed by Delphi consensus. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51(12), 1235–1241.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00131-0
Wilson, D., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2008). Entrepreneurial Intentions Research?: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 11(617), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00179.x
Yuliatika, D., Rahmawati, S. W., & Palupi, S. R. (2017). Self Efficacy and Achievement Motivation of Students of SMA Negeri 7 Purworejo. Psychology Journal, 5(2), 59.
Awang, Z. (2015). SEM Made Simple: A Gentle Approach To learning Structural Equation Modeling. MPWS Rich Publication Sdn. Bhd. (1132290-K).
Awang, Z. H. (2012). Research Methodology and Data Analysis (Second). Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Terengganu Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65457-7_3
In-Text Citation: (Swaramarinda et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Swaramarinda, D. R., Isa, B., Yusof, N. M., Kadir, M. A. B. A., & Rahman, Z. A. (2022). Promoting Students’ Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy in Vocational High School: Scale Development. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(4), 1174–1186.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non0-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode