ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
In Islam, life is considered extremely sacred. Thus, the protection of life is classified as one of the most important objectives in Maqasid Syari’ah. Malaysia, in particular, has established a provision of the Administration of Shariah Court Enactment whereby a person is excluded from offences committed under forced circumstances. This suggests that an individual who commits a Shariah crime under coercion will be murdered if he does not execute the crime. Although jurisdiction over the crime of murder is not specifically discussed in the Administration of Shariah Court Enactment, the purpose of the exemption has to do with the preservation of life (Hifz al-Nafs). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the views of experts to seek their approval based on the exemption provisions in the enactment, whether this is consistent with the Maslahah. This study has adopted the fuzzy Delphi analysis method, with a survey conducted among 20 expert informants consisting of academics, syarie judges, and syarie lawyers. The finding shows that all expert informants agreed that the exemptions addressed in the Syari’ah Criminal Offenses Enactment in Malaysia acknowledge the Maslahah of Hifz al-Nafs (preservation of life). The finding shows that the expert group of the study agreed that while the provision was not the death sentenced for the criminality of homicide, the exemption from punishment is justifiable under certain situation which could save human lives.
Akta 574, Seksyen 302, Kanun Keseksaan
Akta 574, Seksyen 364 Kanun Keseksaan
Akta 574, Seksyen 374A Kanun Keseksaan
Akta 574, Seksyen 396 Kanun Keseksaan
Akta Dadah Berbahaya. (1952). Seksyen 39B
Al-‘Asqalani, I. H. A. A. H. (1989). Fath al-Bari Syarh Sahih al-Bukhari, Jld. 12, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah: Beirut, 311
Al-Bukhari. (1989). Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitab Ahadith al-Anbiya’, bab ma zukira ‘an bani Israel, hadis, 3463
Al-Bustani, F. I. (1956). Munjid Tullab, Dar al-Masyreq: Beirut, 130
Al-Ghazali, A. H. (2008). Al-Mustasfa min ‘Ilm al-Usul, Tahqiq oleh ‘Abdullah Mahmud Muhammad ‘Umar. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah: Beirut
Al-Khadimi, N. M. (2006). Al-Munasabah al-Syar'iyyah Wa Tatbiquha al-Mu'asiroh, Dar Ibn Hazm: Beirut, 77
Al-Sijistani, A. D. A. (1985). Sunan Abi Daud. Dar al-Fikr: Dimasyq, kitab al-Jana’iz, bab fi al-Jaffar yajid al-‘Azma Hal Yatanakkab Zalik al-Makan, no hadis: 3207
Al-Suyuti, J., & Al-Mahalli, J. (n.d). Tafsir al-Jalalain. Dar Ihya' al-Kutub al-'Arabiyah: Kaherah, jld 5, 108
Baharom, N. (1994). Kamus Dewan, Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka: Kuala Lumpur, hlm 1000
Chen, C. T. (2000). Extensions of the TOPSIS for Group Decision-Making Under Fuzzy Environment, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1-9
Cheng, C. H., & Lin, Y. (2002). Evaluating the Best Main Battle Tank Using Fuzzy Decision Theory with Linguistic Criteria Evaluation. European Journal of Operational Research, 142(1), 174-186
Chu, H. C., & Hwang, G. J. (2008). A Delphi-Based Approach to Developing Expert Systems with The Cooperation Of Multiple Experts. Expert Systems with Applications, 34(28), 26-40.
Enakmen 3. (1996). Enakmen Kesalahan Jenayah Shariah Negeri Pulau Pinang
Enakmen 4. (1997). Enakmen Kesalahan Jenayah Syari’ah, Negeri Johor
Enakmen 6. (1991) Enakmen Kesalahan Syari’ah, Negeri Melaka
Enakmen 7. (2001). Enakmen Kesalahan Jenayahshariah(Ta’zir), Negeri Terengganu Enakmen 18. (2014). Kesalahan JenayahshariahNegeri Kedah Darul Aman
Hadi, M. (2021). Ketahuilah hukum dalam Islam jika seseorang terpaksa mencuri makanan akibat darurat seperti musibah banjir. Mstar.com.my.
https://www.mstar.com.my/xpose/ad-din/2021/12/21/ketahuilah-hukum-dalam-islam-jika-seseorang-terpaksa-mencuri-makanan-akibat-darurat-seperti-musibah-banjir
Hasan, H. M. (2020). Dalam keadaan darurat hukum-hukum fiqh dimudahkan, Berita - BeritaHarian.sg. BeritaHarian. https://www.beritaharian.sg/hidayah/dalam-keadaan-darurat-hukum-hukum-fiqh-dimudahkan
Hashim, Z. N. (2020). “Rujuk maqasid syariah dalam menghukum.” Sinarharian; sinarharian. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/85185/BERITA/Nasional/Rujuk-maqasid-syariah-dalam-menghukum
Jamil, M. R. M. (2021), Kepelbagaian Metodologi dalam Penyelidikan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan, Qaisar Prestige Resources: Shah Alam, 182
Lin, C. (2002). Evaluating The Best Main Battle Tank Using Fuzzy Decision Theory With Linguistic Criteria Evaluation. Journal of Operational Research: European,74-86
Manzur, I. (1993). Lisan Al-‘Arab, jld, 7, 11, Maktabah Tahqiq Al-Turath: Beirut, 441
Mohamad, A. D. (2017). Tazkiyat al-Nafs dalam Kerangka Maqasid al-Syari’ah, jld 9, Jurnal al-Hikmah, 91
Muhammad, J. (1988). Nazariyat al-Darurah Hududuha wa Dawabituha, Dar Wafa al-Mansurah: Mesir, 88
Nasir, A. (2020). Maqasid syariah jadi panduan cegah penularan wabak. Berita Harian; Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/rencana/muka10/2020/04/680964/maqasid-syariah-jadi-panduan-cegah-penularan-wabak
Sarif, A. (2012). Analisis Perbandingan Konsep Maslahah dan Mafsadah antara Imam al-Ghazali dan Imam al-Syatibi, Tesis Master, Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Fiqh dan Usul, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, 68-69
In-Text Citation: (Halim & Desa, 2022)
To Cite this Article: Halim, W. M. A. W., & Desa, R. (2022). Analysis of Hifz al-Nafs' (Protection of Life)
Achievements on the Shariah Criminal Offenses Enactment in Malaysia Based on the Fuzzy Delphi Method. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 12(5), 1532 – 1542.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non0-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode