ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Today's technology and communications (ICT) facility has seen the creation of various social media platforms, chat application and even online entertainment platforms. So, more and more generations are accessing these platforms in search of entertainment, information and even communicating with others. This situation actually opens the door to cyber risk when it is not used wisely and responsibly. As a result, in recent times, various incidents have been reported in adolescents that involve cyber risk, affecting psychological, mental and physical health. These include cyberbullying, digital games and social media addiction, pornography, grooming, cybersex and the misuse of personal information. The purpose of this research is to investigate the online activities among school students and to examine their online risks experienced by Malaysian secondary school students. A total of 1376 form four students (16 years old) were involved in this research. The research data was collected using a set of questionnaire. Descriptive data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 software. The findings show a high trend of online student activities for communicating, socializing, watching videos and finding information. Although students' experiences of cyber risk are low, steps to control the situation need to be taken in order to prevent the any risks when they are online. Therefore, this research paper also discusses the role of all parties in ensuring that the cyber world is used wisely and responsibly.
Ahmad, N., Mokhtar, U. A., Hood, Z., Tiun, S., & Jambari, D. I. (2019). Parental Awareness on Cyber Threats Using Social Media. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 35(2), 485-498.
Andrews, L. (2011). I Know Who You Are And I Saw What You Did: Social Networks And The Death Of Privacy. New York: Free Press.
Annasingh, F., & Veli, T. (2016). An Investigation Into Risks Awareness And E-Safety Needs Of Children On The Internet. Interactive Technology And Smart Education, 13(2), 147-165.
Bada, M., and Sasse, A. (2014). Cyber Security Awareness Campaigns: Why Do They Fail To Change Behaviour?
Balraj, S., Pandian, A., Nordin, M. Z., Nagalinganm, S., Ismail, J., & Jing Yi, L. (2013). Young People And New Media: Social Uses, Social Shaping And Social Consequences. Media Matters: Network Media Content Research Summary 1, 7-11.
Brady, K. P. (2010). Cyberbullying. Encyclopedia of Law and Higher Education. Sage Publications, Inc.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis For The Behavioral Sciences (2nd Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
CyberSecurity Malaysia. (2015). Kisah Benar Cyber 999. Shah Alam: Karangkraf Sdn Bhd.
Dilmac, B. (2017). The Relationship between Adolescents’ Levels of Hopelessness and Cyberbullying: The Role of Values. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 17: 1119-1133.
Donegan, R. (2012). Bullying and Cyberbullying: History, Statistics, Law, Prevention and Analysis. Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 3(1), 33–42.
Erdur-Baker, O., & Tanrikulu, I. (2010). Psychological Consequences of Cyber Bullying Experiences among Turkish Secondary School Children. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 2771-2776.
Erickson, L. B. (2011). Social Media, Social Capital, And Seniors: The Impact Of Facebook On Bonding And Bridging Social Capital Of Individuals Over 65. Paper presented at the AMCIS 2011, Detroit, Michigan.
Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. (2015). Online Addictions, Gambling. Video Gaming And Social Networking. In Sundar, S. (Ed.), The Handbook Of The Psychology Of Communication Technology. John Wiley, Chichester, Pp. 384-406.
Hassan, H. M., Salleh, M. A. M., & Ahmad, A. K. (2021). Keibubapaan Digital dan Mediasi Ibu Bapa Terhadap Penggunaan Internet Remaja di Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(8), 121-132.
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). The Relations Among Social Media Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction in University Students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576–586.
Jose RL Batubara. 2010. Adolescent Development (Perkembangan Remaja). Sari Pediatri, 12(1): 21-29.
Khalid, F., Daud, Y. M., Rahman, M. J. A., & Nasir, M. K. M. (2018). An Investigation of University Students’ Awareness on Cyber Security. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (4.21), 11-14.
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & Agatston, P. W. (2012). Cyberbullying: Bullying in the Digital Age. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons Ltd Publication, UK.
Krotidou, D., Eteokleous, N., & Zahariadou, A. (2012). Exploring Parents’ And Children’s Awareness On Internet Threats In Relation To Internet Safety. Campus-Wide Information Systems, 29(3), 133-143.
Malaysian Digital Association. (2016). Malaysia Digital Landscape Exploring The Digital Landscape In Malaysiaboosting Growth For A Digital Economy. Presented at The Digital Integration & Business Transformation Asia Conference 3 - 4 August 2016, |JW Marriott Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Muniandy, L., & Muniandy, B. (2012). State Of Cyber Security And The Factors Governing Its Protection In Malaysia. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2(4), 106-112.
MyCERT. (2021). Incident Statistics. Reported Incidents Based on General Incident Classification Statistics.https://www.mycert.org.my/portal/statistics-content?menu=b75e037d6ee3-4d118169-66677d694932&id=2650ed29-88be-4cec-86cc13f8e07ae228.
Ahmad, N. (2018). Model Keibubapaan Siber Untuk Kanak Kanak. Laporan Akhir Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Ningsih, W. (2016). Knowledge and Attitudes toward Internet Porn Videos Within Teenagers. Degree in Education Degree (Educational Psychology) dissertation. Sultan Idris Education University. Perak. Malaysia.
Idris, N. (2016). Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan. Edisi Kedua. Mc. Graw Hill Education (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd.
Osatuyi, B. (2013). Information Sharing On Social Media Sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2622–2631.
Pitchan, M. A., & Omar, S. Z. (2019). Malaysia's Cyber Security Policy: A Review Of Netizens Awareness And The Law. Journal of Communication: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 35 (1).
Rahman, N. A. A, Sairi, I. H., Zizi, N. A. M., and Khalid, F. (2020). The Importance of Cybersecurity Education in School. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 10(5).
Ratten, V. (2015). A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Online Behavioral Advertising Knowledge, Online Privacy Concerns And Social Networking Using The Technology Acceptance Model And Social Cognitive Theory. Journal Of Science & Technology Policy Management, 6(1), 25-36: Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/JSTPM-06-2014-0029.
Shanti, C. S., & Kia, L. C. (2013). The Use of Digital Stories for Listening Comprehension among Primary Chinese Medium School Pupils: Some Preliminary Findings. Jurnal Teknologi (Social Sciences), 65(2), 125–131.
Harian, S. (2022). 500 panggilan kes buli siber diterima setiap bulan: MMHA. Full Article : https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/181984/BERITA/Nasional/500-panggilan-kes-buli-siber-diterima-setiap-bulan-MMHA.
Alaui, S. A. (2018). Child Cyber Crime Complaints Complaint Oline messenger. Accessed January 4, 2019 at http://www. Result.com.my/mega/rona/crime-criminal-crime-date-1.779317.
Tiara, D. F., Sri, M. D., & Rulita, H. (2013). Factors Causing Sexual Behavior Disorders in SLB N Semarang Teenagers. Development and Clinical Psychology, 2(1), 26-32.
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Malaysia. (2014).
Vlachos, V., Minou, M., Assimakopouos, V., & Toska, A. (2011). The Landscape Of Cybercrime In Greece. Information Management & Computer Security.
Ismail, W. R. W., & Khalid, F. (2020). Pembangunan Modul (Kusedar) Untuk Meningkatkan Kesedaran Keselamatan Siber Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah. Proceeding-Malaysia International Convention on Education Research & Management (MICER) 14-16 March, 2020. Bangi Resort Hotel, Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia.
Ali, W. N. H. W., Mohd, M., and Fauzi, F. (2018). Cyberbullying Detection: An Overview. Cyber Resilience Conference (CRC), pp. 1-3, doi: 10.1109/CR.2018.8626869.
In-Text Citation: (Zuki et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Zuki, N. S. M., Khalid, F., & Karim, A. A. (2022). Secondary School Students’ Online Activities and Their Experience in Cyber Risks. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 12(6), 1-12.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode