ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
This study aimed to investigate the influence of emotional intelligence on employee psychological well-being with altruism as a moderator. This study was a cross-sectional study using quantitative methods, through the distribution of questionnaires. A total of 194 respondents were selected among employees of a government agency in Malaysia. The USM Emotional Quotient Inventory (USMEQ-i) was used in this research to measure emotional intelligence, The Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) was used to measure psychological wellbeing and Adapted Self- Report Altruism Scale was used to measure altruism. The results showed that emotional intelligence has an influence on psychological well-being of employees positively and significantly. However, the results found that altruism did not moderate the relationship between emotional intelligence with psychological well-being of employees.
Al-Tamimi, E. M. R. A., & Al-Khawaldeh, N. A. (2016). Emotional intelligence and its relation withmthe social skills and religious behaviour of female students at Dammam University in the light of some variables. International Education Studies, 9, 131–147.
Anastasi, A. (1982.) Psychological testing (5th Ed). New York: Collier MacMillan Publishing Company.
Bar-On, R., Handley, R., & Fund, S. (2012). The impact of emotional and social intelligence on performance. In Vanessa Druskat, Fabio Sala, and Gerald Mount (Eds.), Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work: Current research evidence. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 3-19.
Batson, C. D. (1991). The altruism question: Toward a social-psychological answer. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Batson, C. D. (2011). Altruism in humans. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Batson, C. D., Ahmad, N., & Stocks, E. L. (2011). Four forms of prosocial motivation: Egoism, altruism, collectivism, and principalism. In D. Dunning (Ed.), Social motivation. (pp. 103–126). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers
Buss, D. M. (2015). Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Campbell, D., & Fiske, D. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation. Psychology Bulletin, 56(3), 205-212.
Chaplin, J. D. (1985). Dictionary of Psychology (2nd Edition). New York: Dell Publishing Company.
Christopher, J. C. (1999). Situating Psychological Well-Being: Exploring the Cultural Roots of its Theory and Research. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77(2), 141-152.
Certel, Z., Catikkas, F., & Yalcinkaya, M. (2011). Analysis of the emotional ?ntelligence levels and critical thinking dispositions of physical education teacher candidates. Selcuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 13(1), 74-81.
Cohen, A., & Abedallah, M. (2015). The mediating role of burnout on the relationship of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy with OCB and performance. Management Research Review, 38, 2–28.
Cooper, R. K., & Sawaf, A. (1997). Executive EQ: Emotional Intelligence in Business. London: Orion Business Books.
Cristenen, L. B. (1994). Experimental Methodology, (6th Ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Davis, J. A. (1971). Elementary survey analysis. Prentice Hall.
Dovidio, J. F., Piliavin, J. A., Schroeder, D. A., & Penner, L. (2006). The social psychology of prosocial behaviour. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 241–273.
Feigin, S., Owens, G., & Goodyear-Smith, F. (2014). Theories of human altruism: A systematic review. Annals of Neuroscience and Psychology, 1(1). Diambil dari
http://www.vipoa.org/neuropsychol
Friedman, H. S., & Kern, M. L. (2014). Personality, well-Being, and Health. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 719–742. 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115123
Fuimano, J. (2004). Raise your emotional intelligence. Nurse Manage, 35 (7), 10-12.
Ghasemi, A., & Zahediasl, S. (2011). Normality Test for Statistical Analysis: A Guide for non-statisticians. Internatioanl Journal Endocrinol Metab, 10(2), 486-489.
Goleman, D. (1998). Working with Emotional Intelligence. NY: Bentham.
Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., & Van den Bergh, B. (2010). Going green to be seen: Status, reputation, and conspicuous conservation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 392-404. doi: 10.1037/a0017346
Hall, S., & Gay, P. (1996). Questions of Cultural Identity. Social Science. SAGE Pubications.
Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 17-52. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90039-6
Hogan, T. P., Benjamin, A., & Brezinski, K. L. (2000). Reliability methods. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60, 523-53.
Huang, J., Shi, H., & Liu, W. (2018). Emotional intelligence and subjective well-being: Altruistic behaviour as a mediator. Social Behaviour and Personality: An International Journal, 46, 749-758.
Hyun, L. J. (2013). The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Altruism among South Korean Central Government Officials. Social Behaviour and Personality, 41(10), 1667-1680.
Joseph, D. L., Jin, J., Newman, D. A., & O’Boyle, E. H. (2015). Why does self-reported emotional intelligence predict job performance? A meta-analytic investigation of mixed EI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100, 298–342.
Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2001). Psychological testing: Principles, applications and issues. Sydney: Wadworth.
Koydemir, S., & Schutz, A. (2012). Emotional intelligence predicts components of subjective well-being beyond personality: A two-country study using self- and informant reports. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7, 107–118.
Landa, J. M. A., Martos, M. P., & Zafra, E. L. (2010). Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Spanish Undergraduates. Social Behaviour and Personality, 38(6), pp?
Le Galliard, J. F., Ferriere, R., & Dieckmann, U. (2003). The adaptive dynamics of altruism in spatially heterogeneous populations. Evolution, 57, 1-17. doi: 10.1554/0014-3820.
Li, N., Kirkman, B. L., & Porter, C. O. (2014). Toward a model of work team altruism. Academy of Management Review, 39(4), 541-565. doi: 10.5465/amr.2011.0160
Liu, Y., Wang, Z., &, Lu, W. (2013). Resilience and affect balance as mediators between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 850–855.
Luthans, F. (2006). Perilaku organisasi. Alih Bahasa: Vivin Andika Y., Shekar P., Arie P., dan Winong R. Yogyakarta: ANDI.
Mayer, J. D., Roberts, R. D., & Barsade, S. G. (2008). Human abilities: Emotional intelligence. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 507–536.
McGarvey, R. (1997). Final score: Get more from employees by upping your EQ. Entrepreneur, 25(7),78-81.
Mikolajczak M., Nelis D., Hansenne M., & Quoidbach J. (2008). If you can regulate sadness, you can probably regulate shame: associations between trait emotional intelligence, emotion regulation and coping efficiency across discrete emotions. Personal Individual Differences, 44, 1356–1368. 10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.004
Modassir, A., & Singh, T. (2008). Relationship of emotional intelligence with transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 4(1), 3-21.
Murray, B. (1998). Does emotional intelligence matter in the workplace? APA 's Annual Convention, 29(7). [On-line]. Available: http://www.apa.org/monitor/jul98/emot.html
Marzuki, N. A., Zubir, A. Z., & Rani, U. H. A. (2018). Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-Being among Hearing-Impaired: Does it Relate? MATEC Web Conf., 150, 2018.
Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS Program. (6th Edition). McGraw-Hill Education, London, UK.
Pareek, S., & Jain, M. (2012). Subjective well-being in relation to altruism and forgiveness among school going adolescents. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, 2, 138–141.
Penner, L. A., Dovidio, J. F., Piliavin, J. A., & Schroeder, D. A. (2005). Prosocial behaviour: Multilevel perspectives. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 365–392.
Perera, H. N., & DiGiacomo, M. (2015). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance during the university transition: an integrative model of mediation via social support, coping, and adjustment. Personal Individual Differences, 83, 208–213.
Piliavin, J. A., & Charng, H.-W. (1990). Altruism: A Review of Recent Theory and Research. Annual Review of Sociology, 16(1), 27-65.
Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2000). On the Dimensional Structure of Emotional Intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 313-320.
Pokorski, M., Faron-Lasyk, A. & Borecki, L. (2013). Altruistic aptitude: Age-dependent influence of temperament and emotional intelligence. Advance Experiment Medical Biology, 788, 375-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6627- 3_51.
Post, S. G. (2007). Altruism and health: Perspectives from empirical research. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Raven, B., & Rubin, J. (1983). Social Psychology (2nd ed.). Toronto: John Wiley and Sons.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081.
Sakunthala, R. (2014). The impact of emotional intelligence on psychological well-being of public and private sector executive: Perspective of postgraduate students. Proceedings of the HR conference, 01(01).
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality. Baywood Publishing Company, 9(3).
Santrock, K. (2003). Psychology: Essentials. McGraw-Hill Companies.
Seyal, A. H., Afzaal, T., & Saun, C. T. S. (2012). Assessing Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour among Executives: Examples from Bruneian SMEs. Journal of International Business Management, 6(4), 476-486.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ibm.2012.476.486
Steinberg, D. (2010). Altruism in medicine: Its’ definition, nature, and dilemmas. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 19, 249–257.
Stürmer, S., & Snyder, M. (2010). The psychology of prosocial behaviour: Group processes, intergroup relations, and helping. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Mehmood, T., & Gulzar, S. (2014). Journal Social Social Human., 3, 178-185.
Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46(1), 35-57.
Vinai, V., & Satita, J. (2001). The relationship between emotional quotient and leadership egectiveness in life insurance business organizations. SOURCE?
Zaki, J., & Mitchell, J. P. (2013). Intuitive prosociality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(6), 466-470.
Zeidner, M., Matthews, G., & Roberts, R. D. (2012). The emotional intelligence, health, and well-being nexus: What have we learned and what have we missed? Applied Psychology Health Well-Being, 4, 1–30. 10.1111/j.1758-0854.2011.01062
Zeidner, M., & Olnick-Shemesh, D. (2010). Emotional intelligence and subjective well-being revisited. Personal Individual Differences, 48, 431–435. 10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.011
Zheng, X., Wang, Y., & Xu, L. (2016). Internet altruistic behaviour and subjective well-being: Self-efficacy as a mediator. Social Behaviour and Personality: An International Journal, 44, 1575–1584.
In-Text Citation: (Adnan & Abdullah, 2022)
To Cite this Article: Adnan, S. N. A., & Abdullah, N.-A. (2022). The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Employees’ Psychology Well Being: Altruism As A Moderator. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(9), 1372 – 1383.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non0-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode