Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Exploring Social Cognitive Learning in The Online Learning Environment

Shamsatun Nahar Ahmad, Thahira Bibi TKM Thangal, Faridah Najuna Misman, Nurhazirah Mohamad Yunos, Nur Idayu Alimon, Ee How Heng

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i10/14896

Open access

Social cognitive learning is where an individual gain knowledge through observation and imitating of others’ behaviours in different environment and setting. This method of learning also can be implemented through online learning. Consequently, online learning has shown significant growth recently, as the education combined with internet for providing people with the opportunity to gain new skills. The online learning has become more centric in people live since the COVID-19 outbreak. The pandemic has forced schools, universities, and companies to remote working, and this booms the usage of online learning. Thus, this study aims to explore the social cognitive learning in the online learning environment. This study was conducted by distributing a set of questionnaires to 163 students from higher institutions in Malaysia. The respondents were of age 18 to 32 years from social sciences, and science and technology disciplines and their level of study were from diploma to master’s degree. The questionnaires consist of 30 items divided into four sections, namely, learner-centred, community-centred, assessment-centred and knowledge-centred. The findings reported that all factors such as behavioural, cognitive and environment are significant and influence the learning environment. From this result, by integrating the principles of social cognitive learning in the online learning environment, the engagement between students and educators are believed to have positive feedback.

Al-Rahmi, W. M., Yahaya, N., Aldraiweesh, A. A., Alamri, M. M., Aljarboa, N. A., Alturki, U., & Aljeraiwi, A. (2019). Integrating technology acceptance model with innovation diffusion theory: an empirical investigation on students’ intention to use E-learning systems, in IEEE Access, 7: 26797-26809. Doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2899368.
Apriyanti, C. (2020). Distance learning and obstacles during COVID-19 outbreak. Journal
Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 7(2): 68–83. https://doi.org/10.30659/pendas.7.2.68-83
Bandura, A. (1977). Origins of behaviour. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Social learning theory, 16-55. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Barrot, J. S., Llenares, I. I., & Del Rosario, L. S. (2021). Students’ online learning challenges during the pandemic and how they cope with them: The case of the Philippines. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6): 7321-7338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x
Boca, G. D. (2021). Factors influencing students’ behavior and attitude towards online education during COVID-19, Sustainability, MDPI, 13: 7469. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137469
Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (2001). Early Childhood Development and Learning: New Knowledge for Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10067
Buan, A. T., Ali, A. Z. M., & Gomez, R. (2019). Development and validation of contextualized lesson in mathematics, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1835 (2021) 012100, IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1835/1/012100
Colomer, J., Serra, L., Canabate, D., & Serra, T. (2018). Evaluating knowledge and assessment-centered reflective-based learning approaches. Sustainability, 10(9), 3122.
Crouch, C. H., & Mazur, E. (2001). Peer instruction: Ten years of experience and results. American journal of physics, 69(9), 970-977.
Day, I. N. Z., Admiraal, W., & Saab, N. (2021). Designing Assessment and Feedback to Improve Student Learning and Student Success. In: Shah, M., Kift, S., Thomas, L. (eds) Student Retention and Success in Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80045-1_11
Devi, B., Khandelwal, B., & Das, M. (2017). Application of Bandura's social cognitive theory in the technology enhanced, blended learning environment. International Journal of Applied Research. 3(1): 721-724.
Fischer, I. D., & Yang, J. C. (2022). Flipping the flipped class: Using online collaboration to enhance EFL students’ oral learning skills. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00320-2
Froyd, J., & Simpson, N. (2008). Student-centered learning addressing faculty questions about student centered learning. In Course, Curriculum, Labor, and Improvement Conference, Washington DC (Vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 1-11).
Hammond, L. D., Flook, L., Harvey, C. C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2020). Implication for educational practice of the science of learning and development, Applied Developmental Science, 24(2): 97-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791
Hassan, N. M., Majid, N. A., & Hassan, N. K. A. (2020) Validation of Learning Environment inventory for secondary school contexts. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), Vol 9(2): 379-384. Retrieved from https://doi.dx.org/0.11591/ijere.v9i2.20444
Hill, J. R., Song, L., & West, R. E. (2009) Social Learning Theory and Web-Based Learning Environments: A Review of Research and Discussion of Implications, The Amer. Jrnl. of Distance Education, 23(2): 88-103, DOI: 10.1080/08923640902857713
Lin, C. L., Jin, Y. Q., Zhao Q., Yu, S. W., & Su, Y. S. (2021). Factors Influence Students’ Switching Behavior to Online Learning under COVID-19 Pandemic: A Push–Pull–Mooring Model Perspective. Asia-Pacific Edu Res. 30(3): 229–45. doi: 10.1007/s40299-021-00570-0.
Mamolo, L. A. (2022). Online Learning and Students’ Mathematics Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Anxiety in the “New Normal”. Education Research International, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9439634
McKenna, A. F., Yalvac, B., & Light, G. J. (2009). The role of collaborative reflection on shaping engineering faculty teaching approaches. Journal of Engineering Education, 98(1), 17-26.
Reflianto, Setyosari, P., Kuswandi, D., & Widiati, U. (2021). Reading comprehension skills: The effect of online flipped classroom learning and student engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic. European J Ed Res.10(4):1613-1624. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.1613
Rusticus, S. A., Pashootan, T., & Mah, A. (2022). What are the key elements of a positive learning environment? Perspectives from students and faculty. Learning Environ Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-022-09410-4
Said, G. R. E. (2021). How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect higher education learning experience? An empirical investigation of learners’ academic performance at a university in a developing country. Advances in Human Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1155/
2021/6649524
Sallum, N. (2021). A simple guide to four popular online learning formats. CommLab India. https://blog.commlabindia.com/elearning-design/online-learning-formats-simple-guide
Silva, R., Farias, C., & Mesquita, I. (2021). Cooperative Learning Contribution to Student Social Learning and Active Role in the Class. Sustainability, 13, 8644. https:// doi.org/10.3390/su13158644
Terada, Y. (2020). COVID-19’s impact on students’ academic and mental well-being.
https://www.edutopia.org/article/covid-19s-impact-students-academic-and-mental-well-being
Tuononen, T., Parpala, A., & Lindblom-Ylanne, S. (2019). Complex interrelations between academic competences and students’ approaches to learning – mixed-methods study (early online). J Further Higher Educ:1–18.
Walker, B. J. (2011). Diagnostic Teaching of Reading: Techniques for Instruction and Assessment, 7 th Ed. Boston: Pearson.
Weibell, C. J. (2011). Principles of learning: 7 principles to guide personalized, student-centered learning in the technology-enhanced, blended learning environment; Retrieved from
[https://principlesoflearning.wordpress.com].
Yang, J., Peng, M. Y., Wong, S., & Chong, W. (2021). How E-Learning Environmental Stimuli Influence Determinates of Learning Engagement in the Context of COVID-19: SOR Model Perspective. Front Psychol. 12:584976. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584976
Yusuf, B. N., & Ahmad, J. (2020). Are we prepared enough? A case study of challenges in online learning in a private higher learning institution during the Covid-19 outbreaks. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(5): 205-212. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.75.8211
Zou, Y., Shen, L., & Dadparvar, S. (2022). The nfluence of E-learning Bebhavior on students’ learning performance of disaster emergency knowledge. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 17(1): 49-59. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i01.28475
Yariyan, P., Amiri, M., Saffariha, M., Avand, M., Ghiasi, S. S., & Tiefenbacher, J. P. (2022). Spatial analysis of environmental factors influencing dust sources in the east of Iran using a new active-learning approach. Geocarto International, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2022.2063393
Wahyuni, I. W., & Azwar, S. (2022). Fostering tolerance in early childhood in islamic perspectives and social learning theory. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Development. 4(1): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.15642/jeced.v4i1.1676
Garrison, D. R., & Cleveland-Innes, M. (2005). Facilitating cognitive presence in online learning: interaction is not enough. The American Journal Of Distance Education, 19(3): 133–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15389286ajde1903_2
Koutroubas, V., & Galanakis, M. (2022). Bandura’s social learning theory and its importance in the organizational psychology context. Psychology Research, 12(6): 315-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.06.001

In-Text Citation: (Ahmad et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Ahmad, S. N., Thangal, T. B. T., Misman, F. N., Yunos, N. M., Alimon, N. I., & How, H. E. (2022). Exploring Social Cognitive Learning in The Online Learning Environment. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(10), 1947 – 1966.