Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy Counseling Module (REBTGCM) for Adolescent Smokers

Abdullah, S. (1990). Panduan amali untuk penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia
Ahmad, J. (2008). Modul dan pengendalian bimbingan kelompok. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Andrea, C. V., Julia, C. W., Elias, M. K., Amanda, L. G., Darren, M., Robin, J. M., & Stephen T. H. (2020). Smoking-cessation interventions for U.S. young adults: updated systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2020;000(000):1?14.
Ball, J., Sim, D., & Edwards, R. (2018). Why has adolescent smoking declined dramatically? Trend analysis using repeat cross-sectional data from New Zealand 2002–2015. BMJ Open 2018;8: e020320. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020320.
Bashirian, S., Barati, M., Karami, M., Hamzeh, B., & Ezat, E. (2020). Predictor of shisha smoking among adolescent females in Wastern Iran in 2019: using the Prototype-Willingness Model. Tob. Pre. Cessation 2020; 6 (August);50.
Bishop, M. F. (2019). REBT and Addictions. In W. Dryden & M. E. Bernard (eds.), REBT with diverse client problems and populations (pp. 103-125). US: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02723-0_6.
Chinwong, D., Mookmanee, N., Chongpornchai, J., & Chinwong, S. (2018). A comparison of gender differences in smoking behaviors, intention to quit, and nicotine dependence among Thai university students. Journal of Addiction, Volume 2018, Article ID 8081670, 8 pages.
Choi, D., Ota, S., & Watanuki, S. (2015). Does cigarette smoking relieve stress? Evidence from the event-related potential (ERP). International Journal of Psychophysiology 98 (2015) 470–476.
Coban, F. R., Kunst, A. E., Van Stralen, M. M., Richter, M., Rathmann, K., Perelman, J., & Alves, J., Federico, B. (2018). Nicotine dependence among adolescents in the European Union: How many and who are affected? Journal of Public Health. pp. 1–9. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdy136.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Corey, G. (2016). Theory and practice in group counseling. (9th ed.) version 2. USA: Cengage Learning, Inc.
DiClemente, C. C., & Prochaska, J. O. (1982). Self-change and therapy change of smoking behavior: A comparison of processes of change in cessation and maintenance. Addictive Behaviors, 7, 133-142.
Dryden, W., & Neenan, M. (2011). Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy in a nutshell. London, UK: Sage Publication Ltd.
Ellis, A., & Bernard, E. F. (1985). Clinical applications of Rational-Emotive Therapy. New York: Plenum Press.
Ellis, A. (1995). Changing Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) to Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Behavior Therapist, 16, 257-258.
Ellis, A. (2003). The relationship of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) to social psychology. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, Vol. 21, No. 1, Spring 2003.
Ellis, A., David, D., & Lynn, s. J. (2010). Rational and irrational belief. Research, theory, and clinical practice. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
Erikson, E. H. (1994). Identity youth and crisis. New York: Norton & Company.
Ern, T. S., & Yaacob, N. R. (2017). Disputing irrational beliefs technique to develop female
adolescent self-esteem. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 25 (S): 181 - 192 (2017).
Fagerstrom, K. O. (1982). Effects of a nicotine-enriched cigarette on nicotine titration, daily cigarette consumption, and levels of carbon monoxide, cotinine, and nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1982;77(2):164-167.
Fauziah, D. M. (2016). Bimbingan Konseling Rational Emotif Behaviour Therapy teknik homework assignment dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri siswa korban bullying di SMP negeri 3 terbanggi besar tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Raden Intan Lampung.
Folan, P., Spatarella, A., Jacobsen, D., & Farber, H. J. (2017). Why do i smoke and why do i keep smoking? Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol. 196, P7-P8, 2017.
Fraenkel, J. P., & Wallen, E. W. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Froggatt, W. (2005). A brief introduction to Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy. New Zealand: Harper Collin Publishers.
Glover, E. D., Nilsson, F., Westin, A., Penny, N., Glover, Molly, T. L., & Persson, B. (2005). Developmental history of the Glover-Nilsson smoking behavioral questionnaire. Am J Health Behav. Sep-Oct 2005;29(5):443-455.
Grapatsas, K., Tsilogianni, Z., Leivaditis, V., Dimopoulos, E., Zarogoulidis, P., Karapantzos, I.,
Tsiouda, T., Barbetakis, N., Paliouras, D., Chatzinikolaou, F., Trakada, G., & Skouras, V. (2017). Smoking habit of children and adolescents: an overview. Ann Res Hosp 2017;1:26. doi: 10.21037/arh.2017.05.01.
Gulsen, A., & Uygur, B. (2018). Psychological features of smokers. Respiratory Care Paper in Press. Published on July 31, 2018, as DOI: 10.4187/respcare.06287.
Harvey, J., & Chadi, N. (2016). Preventing smoking in children and adolescents: Recommendations for practice and policy. Paediatr Child Health Vol 21 No 4 May 2016.
Shaari, H. A. A. (2021). People in recovery from substance use disorders: What motivates them to enter addiction treatment agencies as Counselors?. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 29 (4): 2315 - 2334 (2021).
Hiemstra, M., De Leeuw, R. N., Engels, R. C., & Otten, R. (2017). What parents can do to keep their children from smoking: a systematic review on smoking-specific parenting strategies and smoking onset. Addict Behav 70:107–128.
Idris, A., & Shaari, A. (2017). Pembinaan, kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan Modul Bimbingan Terapi Realiti Teori Pilihan. Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial Jilid 20: 77–8. 2017.
Ilechukwu, L. C., Egenti, N. T., Aloh, H. E., Uwakwe, R. C., Ogbuinya, N. O., Eke, C. L., Kalu, I. A.,
Ejionueme, L. K., & Iremeka, F. U. (2021). Rational Emotive Education for reducing stress of undergraduate students of religious education program. Medicine (2021) 100:23.
Ismail, A. (2017). Kaunseling kelompok: Proses, kemahiran dan isu. Negeri Sembilan: Penerbitan USIM.
Jogdand, A. M. (2018). The Effect of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder among nicotine addict youth. International Journal of Indian Psychology, Vol. 6, (1), DIP: 18.01.089/20180601, DOI: 10.25215/0601.089.
Kamaluddin, M. R., & Sulaiman, W. S. (2019). Teknik kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan alat ujian psikologi. Bangi: Penerbit Univuersiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Kerlinger, F. N. (2009). Foundation of behavioral research (8th edition). New York: Holth, Rinehart & Winston.
Khalid, N. F. (2017). Kesan kaunseling kelompok perkembangan dan rawatan terhadap konsep kendiri, resilien dan daya tindak pelajar SMKA. Tesis Ph.D. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan.
Kline, T. J. B. (2005). Psychological testing a practical approach to design and evaluation. United State of America: Sage Publications Ltd.
Kuang, H. L., Hui, L. L., Chien, H. T., Chee, C. K., Yi, Y. K., Ganapathy, S. S., Miaw, Y. J., Ghazali, S. M., & Eng, O. T. (2017). Smoking among school-going adolescents in selected secondary schools in Peninsular Malaysia- findings from the Malaysian Adolescent Health Risk Behaviour (MyaHRB) study. Tobacco Induced Diseases (2017) 15:9.
Kurniawat, D. A., & Basuki, A. (2019). Implementation of REBT for drug addicts: meta-analysis. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 462. Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar on Guidance and Counseling 2019 (ISGC 2019).
Layoun, N., Salameh, P., Waked, M., Bacha, A., Zeenny, R. M, Hitti, E., Godin, I., & Dramaix,M. (2017). Motivation to quit smoking and acceptability of shocking warnings on cigarette packages in Lebanon. Patient Preference and Adherence 2017:11 331–342.
Mahfar, M., & Senin, A. A. (2015). Managing stress at workplace using the Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) approach. International Conference on Human Resource Development 2015.
Martin, J. T. (2016). Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), irrational and rational beliefs, and the mental health of athletes. Front. Psychol. 7:1423. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01423.
Martinez, U., Martinez, V., Simmons, V. N., Meltzer, L. R., Drobes, D. J., Brandon, K. O., Palmer, M., Eissenberg, T., Bullen. C. R., Harrell, P. T., & Brandon, T. H. (2019). How does smoking and nicotine dependence change after onset of vaping? a retrospective analysis of dual users. Nicotine and Tobacco 2019.
Mat, A., & Jaafar, W. M. (2022). Kesan Modul Terapi Rasional Emotif Tingkah Laku (REBT) terhadap sistem kepercayaan dan estim kendiri dalam kalangan pelatih di Sekolah Tunas Bakti. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), Volume 7, Issue 1 (page 50-58) 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i1.1215.
Zahir, M. Z., Saper, M. N., & Bistamam, M. N. (2019). Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Modul Kelompok Bimbingan Integrasi REBT-Tazkiyah An-Nafs. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education (ISSN 2232-0458/ e-ISSN 2550-1771) Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2019, 58-69.
Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2017). National Health & Morbidity Survey (NHMS) (2017) Putrajaya: Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2019). Pharmacotherapy guidelines for smoking cessation.
Selangor: Pharmacy Services Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Kamaluddin, M. R., & Sulaiman, W. S. W. (2019). Teknik kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan alat ujian psikologi. Bangi: Penerbit Univuersiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Mourik, D. A., Gera, E. N., Willemsen, M. C., Putte, B., & Vries, D. (2020). Differences in smokers’ awareness of the health risks of smoking before and after introducing pictorial tobacco health warnings: findings from the 2012–2017 international tobacco control (ITC) Netherlands surveys. BMC Public Health (2020) 20:512. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08667-9.
Noah, S. M. (2002). Reka bentuk penyelidikan. Serdang: Institut Pendidikan dan Penyelidikan Jauh (IDEAL). Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Noah, S. M., & Ahmad, J. (2005). Pembinaan Modul: Bagaimana Membina Modul Latihan dan Modul Akademik. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Orcullo, D. J., & Teo, H. S. (2016). Understanding cognitive dissonance in smoking behaviour: A qualitative study. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol. 6, No. 6, June 2016.
Ren, L., Cui, L. B., Chen, C., Dong, X., Wu, Z., Wang, Y., & Yang, Q. (2019). The implicit beliefs and implicit behavioral tendencies towards smoking-related cues among Chinese male smokers and non-smokers. BMC Public Health (2019) 19:1000.
Russell, J. D. (1974). Modular instruction: A guide to the design, selection, utilization, and evaluation of modular material. New York: Publishing Company.
Suhanyi, L., Gavurova, B., Ivankova, V., & Rigelsky, M. (2020). Smoking behaviour of university students: a descriptive study. Adiktologie, 20(1–2), 57–63; doi 10.35198/01-2020-001-0009.
Besar, T. N., Ahmad, N. S., & Hashim, S. (2021). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan Modul Kaunseling SoF-Ea (Solution Focused Brief -Expressive Arts) terhadap penyesuaian pelajar di Institut Pendidikan Guru (IPG). Journal of Educational Research & Indigenous Studies Volume: 3 (2021).
Tuckman, W. B. (1998). Using tests as an incentive to motivate procrastinators to study. The Journal of Experimental Education, 66:2, 141-147, DOI: 10.1080/00220979809601400.
Unubol, H., & Sayar, G. H. (2019). Psychological factors associated with smoking and quitting: addiction map of Turkey study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2019:15. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S204167.
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2019). Reducing tobacco use: a report of the surgeon general. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
Vajravelu, H. R., Gnanadurai, T. R., Krishnan, P., & Ayyavoo, S. (2015). Impact of quantified smoking status on cognition in young adults. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2015 Dec, Vol-9(12): CC01-CC03
World Health Organization. (2009). WHO Report on The Global Tobacco Epidemic, Implementing Smoke-Free Environment. Geneva: World Health Organization.World Health Organization. (2019). WHO Report on The Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2019 Geneva: World Health Organization.
Xu, L., & Liu, H. (2017). Effects of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) intervention program on mental health in female college students. Neuro Quantology 2017; 15, 4:156-161.
Yahaya, M., Akhir, M. N., & Sulaiman, M. N. (2018). Faktor tingkah laku merokok dalam kalangan mahasiswa Universiti. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar 21(2): 37-44.
Zaborskis, A., & Sirvyte, D. (2015). Familial determinants of current smoking among adolescents of Lithuania: a cross-sectional survey 2014. BMC Public Health 15:889.
Zoe, T. M., Kathryn, R. K., Pamela, S. S., Christine, A. H., Martha, J. B., Paul, A. D., Kenneth, R.,
Christie, A. F., Crystal, D. M., Clara, R. M., Judith, J. P., Timothy, K. T., & Christi, A. P. (2021). Developing a Social Media Intervention to connect Alaska Native People who smoke with resources and support to quit smoking: the connecting Alaska native quit study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2021, 1002–1009 doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa253.
Zvolensky, M. J., Jardin, C., Wall, M. M, Gbedemah, M., Hasin, D., Shankman, S. A., Gallagher,
Bakhshaie, M. W. J., & Goodwin, R. D. (2018). Psychological distress among smokers in the United States: 2008–2014. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2018, 707–713doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx099.

In-Text Citation: (Salleh et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Salleh, A. J., Jusoh, A. J., & Noor, A. M. (2022). Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy Counseling Module (REBTGCM) for Adolescent Smokers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(12), 1781 – 1797.

Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non0-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode