Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Social Media: Impact on Human Feelings and Emotions

Noor Afzaliza Nazira Ibrahim, Rusydi Mohamad Kamal, Farish Hazmi Jamri, Nur Aqilah Ayuni Ruslan, Norhaiza Amira Rozali, Nur Syafiqah Nasir, Alia Sofiyyah Mohamed Shuhaimi, Mohd Shukury Anuar

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i2/16394

Open access

This paper is a conceptual paper which presents the study on the effect of social media use towards human feelings. Social media has become a prevalent part of modern life, with users using various platforms to communicate and interact with others. The use of social media has been widely permeated throughout all age groups in the past decade, becoming an integral aspect of people's lives. People also rely on social media as it has a significant impact on their feelings. The purpose of this concept paper is to understand (i) how social media influences human feelings, (ii) how social media develops positive feelings, and (iii) how social media develop negative feelings. This concept paper applied the uses and gratification theory, which is related to the main purpose of this study since the theory discusses the effects of media on people and explains why and how people use specific media to satisfy their needs. The method used for this concept paper is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) which is based on previous journal articles that focus on the influence of social media on positive and negative feelings. A study has found that age and stress are strong predictors of social media use, with the relationship being positive in young adults (25–34 years old) but negative in older people (35– 54 years old). Moreover, some studies have shown that social media can be helpful in dealing with emotions, whereas others suggest it may lead to increased anxiety and stress. However, all of these findings support the idea that social media has a powerful impact on human feelings and emotions.

Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2003). Loneliness and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior. 19(1): 71–80.
Amo, Erkoyuncu, J. A., Roy, R., Palmarini, R., & Onoufriou, D. (2018). A systematic review of Augmented Reality content-related techniques for knowledge transfer in maintenance applications. Computers in Industry. 103: 47–71.
Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, Social Media & Technology. Pew Research Center.
Antman, E. M., Lau, J., Kupelnick, B., Mosteller, F., & Chalmers, T. C. (1992). A comparison of results of meta-analyses of randomized control trials and recommendations of clinical experts. Treatments for myocardial infarction. JAMA. 268(2): 240–248.
Apaolaza, V., Hartmann, P., Medina, E., Barrutia, J. M., & Echebarria, C. (2013). The relationship between socializing on the Spanish online networking site Tuenti and teenagers’ subjective wellbeing: The roles of self-esteem and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior. 29(4): 1282–1289.
Bae, M. (2022). Coping strategies initiated by COVID-19-related stress, individuals’ motives for social media use, and perceived stress reduction. Internet Research.
Bakry, H., Almater, A. A., Alslami, D. M., Ajaj, H. S., Alsowayan, R. A., Almutairi, A. F., & Almoayad, F. (2022). Social media usage and loneliness among Princess Nourah University medical students. Middle East Current Psychiatry. 29(1).
Barkley, J. E., & Lepp, A. (2016). Mobile phone use among college students is a sedentary leisure behavior which may interfere with exercise. Computers in Human Behavior. 56: 29–33.
Bashir, H., & Bhat, S. A. (2017). Effects of social media on mental health: A review. International Journal of Indian Psychology. 4(3): 125-131.
Bureau, N. (2022). Is Social Media Bad For Your Mental Health?: Middle Georgia State University.
Burke, M., Marlow, C., & Lento, T. (2010). Social network activity and social well- being. Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’10.
Cauberghe, V., Van Wesenbeeck, I., De Jans, S., Hudders, L., & Ponnet, K. (2021). How Adolescents Use Social Media to Cope with Feelings of Loneliness and Anxiety During COVID-19 Lockdown. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 24(4): 250–257.
Cho, S. H. (2007). Effects of Motivations and Gender on Adolescents’ Self-Disclosure in Online Chatting. CyberPsychology & Behavior. 10(3): 339–345.
Cicognani, E., Klimstra, T., & Goossens, L. (2014). Sense of community, identity statuses, and loneliness in adolescence: a cross- national study on italian and belgian youth. Journal of Community Psychology. 42(4): 414–432.
Dean, B. (2021). Social Network Usage & Growth Statistics: How Many People Use Social Media in 2021? Backlinko; Backlinko.
Dryman, M. T., Gardner, S., Weeks, J. W., & Heimberg, R. G. (2016). Social anxiety disorder and quality of life: How fears of negative and positive evaluation relate to specific domains of life satisfaction. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 38: 1–8.
Ellison, N., Heino, R., & Gibbs, J. (2006). Managing Impressions Online: Self- Presentation Processes in the Online Dating Environment. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication. 11(2): 415–441.
Fennell, C., Barkley, J. E., & Lepp, A. (2019). The relationship between cell phone use, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in adults aged 18–80. Computers in Human Behavior. 90: 53–59.
Frost, R. L., & Rickwood, D. J. (2017). A systematic review of the mental health outcomes associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior. 76(76): 576– 600.
Gee, J. P., & Hayes, E. (2012). Nurturing Affinity Spaces and Game-Based Learning. Games, Learning, and Society. 129–153.
Grieve, R., Indian, M., Witteveen, K., Anne Tolan, G., & Marrington, J. (2013). Face- to-face or Facebook: Can social connectedness be derived online? Computers in Human Behavior. 29(3): 604–609.
Grimaldi-Puyana, M., Fernandez-Batanero, J. M., Fennell, C., & Sanudo, B. (2020). Associations of objectively-assessed smartphone use with physical activity, sedentary behavior, mood, and sleep quality in young adults: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(10): 3499.
Gross, E. F., Juvonen, J., & Gable, S. L. (2002). Internet Use and Well-Being in Adolescence. Journal of Social Issues. 58(1): 75–90.
Havener, P. H., & Izard, C. E. (1962). Unrealistic self-enhancement in paranoid schizophrenics. Journal of Consulting Psychology. 26(1): 65–68.
Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness and blood pressure in older adults: defining connections. Aging Health. 6(4): 415–418.
Hong, W., Liu, R.-D., Oei, T.-P., Zhen, R., Jiang, S., & Sheng, X. (2019). The mediating and moderating roles of social anxiety and relatedness need satisfaction on the relationship between shyness and problematic mobile phone use among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior. 93: 301–308.
International Data Corporation (IDC). (2017). IDC Malaysia: OPPO and Huawei Make Strides as Samsung Remains Malaysia’s Top Smartphone Player in 2016.
Izard, C. E. (2013). Human Emotions. Springer Science & Business Media.
Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Treating Social Anxiety Disorder with CBT: Impact on Emotion Regulation and Satisfaction with Life. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 41(3): 406–416.
Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., Werner, K., Ziv, M., & Gross, J. J. (2012). A Randomized Trial of MBSR Versus Aerobic Exercise for Social Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 68(7): 715–731.
Jiang, S., & Ngien, A. (2020). The Effects of Instagram Use, Social Comparison, and Self-Esteem on Social Anxiety: A Survey Study in Singapore. Social Media + Society. 6(2)
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons. 53(1): 59–68.
Karim, F. (2020). Social Media Use and Its Connection to Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 12(6).
Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and Gratifications Research. Public Opinion Quarterly. 37(4): 509–523.
Kayahara, J., & Wellman, B. (2007). Searching for Culture-High and Low. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 12(3): 824–845.
Khan, K. S., Kunz, R., Kleijnen, J., & Antes, G. (2003). Five steps to conducting a systematic review. JRSM. 96(3): 118–121.
Kim, K.-S., Yoo-Lee, E., & Joanna Sin, S.-C. (2011). Social media as information source: Undergraduates’ use and evaluation behavior. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 48(1): 1–3.
Koh, J., & Kim, Y.-G. (2004). Knowledge sharing in virtual communities: an e-business perspective. Expert Systems with Applications. 26(2): 155–166.
Koliby, I. S. A., & Rahman, M. A. (2018). Influence Dimensions of Brand Equity on Purchase Intention toward Smartphone in Malaysia. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences. 6(1): 7–19.
LaRose, R., Mastro, D., & Eastin, M. S. (2001). Understanding Internet Usage. Social Science Computer Review. 19(4): 395–413.
Lazarus, A. (1968). Letter from Arnold Lazarus. The English Journal. 57(2): 251.
Lazarus, C. N., & Lazarus, A. A. (1996). Treating depression. Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews. 41(9): 947.
Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C. (2014). The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in college students. Computers in Human Behavior. 31: 343–350.
Leung, L. (2007). Stressful Life Events, Motives for Internet Use, and Social Support among Digital Kids. CyberPsychology & Behavior. 10(2): 204–214.
Lin, W.-S., Chen, H.-R., Lee, T. S.-H., & Feng, J. Y. (2019). Role of social anxiety on high engagement and addictive behavior in the context of social networking sites. Data Technologies and Applications. 53(2): 156–170.
McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). Causes and Consequences of Social Interaction on the Internet: A Conceptual Framework. Media Psychology. 1(3): 249-269.
McKenna, K. Y. A., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. J. (2002). Relationship formation on the internet: what’s the big attraction? Journal of Social Issues. 58(1): 9–31.
Mengist, W., Soromessa, T., & Legese, G. (2020). Method for conducting systematic literature review and meta analysis for environmental science research. Methods X. 7: 100777.
Mohsin, M. (2022). 10 Social Media Statistics You Need to Know in 2021 [Infographic]. Oberlo.
Mowrer, E. R. (1948). The Study of Social Problems: Discussion. American Sociological Review. 13(3): 260.
Nightingale, A. (2009). A guide to systematic literature reviews. Surgery (Oxford). 27(9): 381–384.
Ohannessian, C. M., Vannucci, A., Flannery, K. M., & Khan, S. (2017). Social Media Use and Substance Use during Emerging Adulthood. Emerging Adulthood. 5(5): 364– 370.
Oxman, A. D., & Guyatt, G. H. (1993). The Science of Reviewing Research. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 703(1 Doing More Go). 125–134.
Papacharissi, Z., & Rubin, A. M. (2000). Predictors of Internet Use. Journal of Broadcasting& Electronic Media. 44(2): 175–196.
Paul, J., & Barari, M. (2022). Meta?analysis and traditional systematic literature reviews—what, why, when, where, and how? Psychology & Marketing.
Perrin, A. (2015). Senior Communications Manager. 202.
Pretty, G. M. H., Andrewes, L., & Chris, C. (1994). Exploring adolescents’ sense of community and its relationship to loneliness. Journal of Community Psychology. 22(4): 346–358.
Quan-Haase, A., & Young, A. L. (2010). Uses and Gratifications of Social Media: A Comparison of Facebook and Instant Messaging. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society. 30(5): 350–361.
Rapaport, M. H., Clary, C., Fayyad, R., & Endicott, J. (2005). Quality-of-Life Impairment in Depressive and Anxiety Disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry. 162(6): 1171–1178.
Reich, S. M., Black, R. W., & Korobkova, K. (2014). Connections and communities in virtual worlds designed for children. Journal of Community Psychology. 42(3): 255–267.
Rubin, A. M. (1993). Audience activity and media use. Communication Monographs. 60(1): 98–105.
Rubin, R. B., Perse, E. M., & Barbato, C. A. (1988). Conceptualization and Measurement of Interpersonal Communication Motives. Human Communication Research. 14(4): 602–628.
Schachtel, E. G. (1959). Metamorphosis. Routledge.
Shaw, A. M., Timpano, K. R., Tran, T. B., & Joormann, J. (2015). Correlates of Facebook usage patterns: The relationship between passive Facebook use, social anxiety symptoms, and brooding. Computers in Human Behavior. 48: 575–580.
Simon, N. M., Otto, M. W., Korbly, N. B., Peters, P. M., Nicolaou, D. C., & Pollack, M. H. (2002). Quality of Life in Social Anxiety Disorder Compared With Panic Disorder and the General Population. Psychiatric Services. 53(6): 714–718.
Smith, D., Leonis, T., & Anandavalli, S. (2021). Belonging and loneliness in cyberspace: Impacts of social media on adolescents’ well-being. Australian Journal of Psychology. 73(1): 1–12.
Starkman, N. (2007). eLearning: Going the Distance. T.H.E. Journal. 34(2): 18–24.
Sadaba, C., & Bringue, X. (2007). Redes Sociales. Manual de Supervivencia para padres (Social media: A parent’s survival handbook). Viceversa Ayer y Hoy.
Sanchez-Franco, M. J., Buitrago-Esquinas, E. M., & Hernandez-Mogollon, J. M. (2012). Antecedentes sociales y psicologicos del compromiso comunitario. Un análisis del comportamiento del usuario de una red social de relaciones. Cuadernos de Economía Y Direccion de La Empresa. 15(4): 205–220.
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a Methodology for Developing EvidenceInformed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review. British Journal of Management. 14(3): 207–222.
V., R. R., I., A. A., & V., S. S. (2018). Social media as a means to overcome stress and depression among women. Journal of Media and Communication Studies. 10(6): 46– 64.
Weiß, M., Baumeister, H., Cohrdes, C., Deckert, J., Gründahl, M., Pryss, R., & Hein, G. (2022). Extraversion moderates the relationship between social media use and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports. 8: 100343.
Whiting, A., & Williams, D. (2013). Why people use social media: a uses and gratifications approach. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal. 16(4): 362–369.
Wittchen, H. U., Fuetsch, M., Sonntag, H., Muller, N., & Liebowitz, M. (2000). Disability and quality of life in pure and comorbid social phobia. Findings from a controlled study. European Psychiatry. 15(1): 46–58.
Wolfers, L. N., & Utz, S. (2022). Social Media Use, Stress, and Coping. Current Opinion in Psychology. 45: 101305.
Wolfradt, U., & Doll, J. (2001). Motives of Adolescents to Use the Internet as a Function of Personality Traits, Personal and Social Factors. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 24(1): 13–27.
Xu, Z. (2022). Age moderated relation between perceived stress and social media use. BCP Business & Management. 25: 111–118.
Yavich, R., Davidovitch, N., & Frenkel, Z. (2019). Social Media and Loneliness - Forever connected? Higher Education Studies. 9(2): 10.

In-Text Citation: (Ibrahim et al., 2023)
To Cite this Article: Ibrahim, N. A. N., Kamal, R. M., Jamri, F. H., Ruslan, N. A. A., Rozali, N. A., Nasir, N. S., Shuhaimi, A. S. M., & Anuar, M. S. (2023). Social Media: Impact on Human Feelings and Emotions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(2), 1535 – 1550.