Purchase Intention on Grooming Products among Metrosexual Men: Whether Brand Awareness, Brand Loyalty and Self Concept Give Significant Relationship?

Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California Management Review, 38(3), 102-120
Aida, A. (2014). Rise of the metrosexual. TheStar Online. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com.my/ne ws/community/2 014/05/02/ris e-of-the-metro sexual/
Akkucuk, U., & Esmaeili, J. (2016). The Impact of Brands on Consumer Buying Behavior. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 5(4), 1-16.
Anwar, K. (2017). Leading Construction Project Teams: The Effectiveness of Transformational Leadership in Dynamic Work Environments in Kurdistan. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 3(10), 239925.
Anwar, K., & Ghafoor, C. (2017). Knowledge management and organizational outcome: A study of private universities in Kurdistan. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 4(2), 53
Anwar, K., & Louis, R. (2017). Factors Affecting Students’ Anxiety in Language Learning: A Study of Private Universities in Erbil, Kurdistan. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 4(3), 160.
Bernarto, I., & Purwanto, A. (2022). The Effect of Perceived Risk, Brand Image and Perceived Price Fairness on Customer Satisfaction. Brand Image and Perceived Price Fairness on Customer Satisfaction (March 1, 2022).
Calvo-Porral, C., & Levy-Mangin, J. P. (2017). Store brands’ purchase intention: Examining the role of perceived quality. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 23(2), 90-95
Campbell, J., DiPietro, R. B. & Remar, D. (2014). Local foods in a university setting: Price consciousness, product involvement, price/quality inference and consumer's willingness-to-pay. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 42, 39-49.
Chakraborty, U. (2019). “The Impact of Source Credible Online Reviews on Purchase Intention: The Mediating Roles of Brand Equity Dimensions,” Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, vol. 13 no. 2, pp. 142-161, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-06- 2018-0080
Cheng, G., Cherian, J., Sial, M. S.,Mentel, G., Wan, P., Álvarez-Otero, S., & Saleem, U. (2021). The relationship between csr communication on social media, purchase intention, and e-wom in the banking sector of an emerging economy. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(4), 1025-1041.
Cheong, B. (2012). Personal grooming habits of Malaysian men exposed. TheStar Online. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/archive/2012/09/24/personal-grooming-habits-of-malaysian-men-exposed /
Coelho, A., Bairrada, C. and Peres, F. (2019), “Brand communities’ relational outcomes, through brand love”, Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 154-165
da Costa, M. F., de Moraes Patriota, A. L., & de Angelo, C. F. (2017). Propagandas de apelo emocional e utilitário: efeitos na atitude do consumidor e na percepção do brand equity de um celular Samsung. REGE-Revista de Gestão, 24(3), 268-280.
Duffy, D. (2018). Traversing the matriarch’s domain: How young men negotiate the feminized space of fashion consumption and self-presentation. In: Belk, R.W., Scott, L., Askegaard, S., editors. Research in Consumer Behavior, 1(14). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Eelen, J., Ozturan, P., and Verlegh, P. W. (2017), “The differential impact of brand loyalty on traditional and online word of mouth: the moderating roles of self-brand connection and the desire to help the brand”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 34 No. 4, pp. 872-891.
Eng, T. C., Ahmad, F. S., & Onn, C. Y. (2018). Conceptual Study on Malaysian Male Consumption Behaviour Towards Skin Care Products. International Journal of Innovation and Business Strategy (IJIBS), 9(1), 1-12
Faeq, D. K., & Ismael, Z. N. (2022). Analyzing the Relationships Between Organizational Justice and Job Performance. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management, 6(5). [43] Nguyen, T., Pham, T., L
Faeq, D. K., Ismail, Z. N., & Sadq, Z. M. (2020). The Role of Body Language on Achieving Customer Satisfaction (An empirical study of consumers' perspectives of electronic devices in the commercial centers of Sulaymaniyah Governorate-Kurdistan Region/Iraq). International Journal on Humanities and Social Sciences,(16), 117-129
Faraj, K. M., Faeq, D. K., Abdulla, D. F., Ali, B. J., & Sadq, Z. M. (2021). Total Quality Management And Hotel Employee Creative Performance: The Mediation Role Of Job Embeddedment. Faraj, KM, Faeq, DK, Abdulla, DF, Ali, BJ, & Sadq, ZM (2021). Total Quality Management And Hotel Employee Creative Performance: The Mediation Role Of Job Embeddedment. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(1), 3838-3855.
Fernandes, T., and Moreira, M. (2019), “Consumer brand engagement, satisfaction and brand loyalty: a comparative study between functional and emotional brand relationships”, Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 274-286
Ferry, R. T., & Astuti, R. D. (2021). Analysis of Urban Male Consumers Attitude and Behavioral Intention Towards Skincare Product in Indonesia. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 177, 124-136
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural Equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50
Foroudi, P., Jin, Z., Gupta, S., Foroudi, M. M., & Kitchen, P. J. (2018). Perceptional components of brand equity: Configuring the Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Paths to brand loyalty and brand purchase intention. Journal of Business Research, 89, 462-474.
Giovannini, S., Xu, Y., & Thomas, J. (2015). Luxury fashion consumption and Generation Y consumers. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 19(1), 22-40.
Gogoi, B. (2013). Study of antecedents of purchase intention and its effect on brand loyalty of private label brand of apparel. International Journal of Sales & Marketing. 73-86.
Grand View Research. (2020). Men’s Personal Care Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Skincare, Personal Grooming), By Distribution Channel (Hypermarket & Supermarket, Pharmacy & Drug Store, E-commerce), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020 – 2027.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Haudi, H., Rahadjeng, E., Santamoko, R., Putra, R., Purwoko, D., Nurjannah, D., & Purwanto, A. (2022). The role of e-marketing and e-CRM on e-loyalty of Indonesian companies during Covid pandemic and digital era. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 10(1), 217-224
Herrando, C., & MartIn-De Hoyos, M. J. (2022). Influencer endorsement posts and their effects on advertising attitudes and purchase intentions. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 46, 2288– 2299. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12785
Ho, H-C., Chiu, C. L., Mansumitrchai, S., & Quarles, B. J. (2020). Hedonic and utilitarian value as mediator of men’s intention to purchase cosmetics. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 11(1), 71-89.
Huang, R., & Sarigollu, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors (pp. 113-132). Springer, New York, NY.
Japutra, A., Ekinci, Y., and Simkin, L. (2019), “Positive and negative behaviours resulting from brand attachment: the moderating effects of attachment styles”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 52 Nos 5/6, pp. 1185-1202.
Jasin, M. (2022). The Role of Social Media Marketing and Electronic Word of Mouth on Brand Image and Purchase Intention of SMEs Product. Journal of Information Systems and Management. Vol. 01 No.04, Agustus 2022. https://jisma.orge-ISSN: 2829-6591.
Josiam, B. M., Kinley, T. R., & Kim, Y.-K. (2016). Involvement and the tourist shopper: Using the involvement construct to segment the American tourist shopper at the mall. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 11(2), 135-154.
Kacen, J. J. (2000), Girl power and boy nature: The past, present, and paradisal future of consumer gender identity. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 18(6-7), 345-355.
Kang, J., Tang, L., Lee, J. Y., & Bosselman, R. H. (2012). Understanding customer behavior in name-brand Korean coffee shops: The role of self-congruity and functional congruity. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 809-818.
Kaur, H., Paruthi, M., Islam, J., and Hollebeek, L. D. (2020), “The role of brand community identification and reward on consumer brand engagement and brand loyalty in virtual brand communities”, Telematics and Informatics, Vol. 46, p. 101321.
Keller, K. L., & Lehmann, D. R. (2006). Brands and branding: Research findings and future priorities. Marketing science, 25(6), 740-759
Khamitov, M., Wang, X., and Thomson, M. (2019), “How well do consumer-brand relationships drive customer brand loyalty? Generalizations from a meta-analysis of brand relationship elasticities”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 46 No. 3, pp. 435-459.
Khan, I., Dongping, H., Abdullah, M., Ahmad, Z., Ghauri, A. T., Ghazanfar, S., & Wright, L. T. (2017). Men’s attitude and motivation toward consumption of grooming products: A comparison of Chinese and Pakistani male consumers. Cogent Business & Management, 4(1).
Khan, N. J., Razzaque, M. A., and Hazrul, N. M. (2017). “Intention of and commitment towards purchasing luxury products: A study of Muslim consumers in Malaysia,” Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 476-495, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA12-2015-0091 [6]
Kumar, S., Talwar, S., Krishnan, S., Kaur, P., & Dhir, A. (2021). Purchasing natural personal care products in the era of fake news? The moderation effect of brand trust. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 1-13.
Kumar, T. B. J., Renee, T., Kwong, G. S., Keong, Y. K., Haur, F. C., & Jiang, N. (2020). Grooming Products Purchase Intention: Using the Value-Attitude-Behaviour Model. A Contemporary Business Journal, 9(1), 33–58.
Lam, Y. W. K., & Yee, R. W. Y. (2014). Antecedents and consequences of fashion consciousness: An empirical study in Hong Kong. Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 18(4), 62-69. doi:10.1108/rjta-18-04-2014-b007.
Luciano, M. M., Mathieu, J. E., Park, S., and Tannenbaum, S. I. (2018), “A fitting approach to construct and measurement alignment: the role of big data in advancing dynamic theories”, Organizational Research Methods, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 592-632.
Moungkhem, C., and Surakiatpinyo, J. (2010). A study of factors affecting on men’s skin care products purchasing, particularly in Karlstad, Sweden [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Karlstad University.
Oh, T. T., Keller, K. L., Neslin, S. A., Reibstein, D. J., and Lehmann, D. R. (2020), “The past, present, and future of brand research”, Marketing Letters, Vol. 31 Nos 2/3, pp. 151-162
Popovic, I., Bossink, B. A. G., and Sijde, P. C. (2019). Factors Influencing Consumers’ Decision to Purchase Food in Environmentally Friendly Packaging: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here? Sustainability, 11, 7197.
Ranjbariyan, B., Shahin, A., & Jafari, S. (2012). Investigating the Influence of Customers’ Feeling and Judgment on Their Loyalty with Emphasize on Brand Equity The Case of Isfahan Crystal and Glass Products. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(9), 517-524.
Roscoe, J. T. (1975). Fundamentals Research Statistics for Behavioural Sciences. (2nd.). in Hill, R. (1998). “What Sample Size is ‘Enough’ in Internet Survey Research”? Interpersonal Computing and Technology: An electronic Journal for the 21st Century.
Sadq, Z. M., Ahmad, B. S., Faeq, D. K., & Muhammed, H. O. (2020). The Effect of Strategic Planning on Entrepreneurship Strategy Requirements (The Case of Private Hospitals in Iraqi Erbil City). International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(10), 147-164.
Sadq, Z. M., Faeq, D. K., & Abdulla, D. (2021). Role Of Servant Leadership In Achieving And Developing Employee’s Career Satisfaction And Intention To Remain With The Organization: An Empirical Study Of Tourist Companies In Erbil City, Kurdistan Region Of Iraq. Ecoforum Journal, 10(1).
Sandhu, M. A., Usman, M., Ahmad, Z., Rizwan, M. (2018). The impact of self-concept and its congruence with different brands on purchase intention: Evidence from Pakistani consumers, Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), ISSN 2309-8619, Johar Education Society, Pakistan (JESPK), Lahore, Vol. 12, Iss. 2, pp. 695-709
Sankaranarayanan, K. G., & Mekoth, N. (2014). Cosmetic Consumption Pattern among male college students: A cluster analytic Segmentation Approach, International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, 5(6), 5-10
Sanny, L., Arina, A. N., Maulidya, R. T., and Pertiwi, R. P. (2020). Purchase intention on Indonesia male’s skin care by social media marketing effect towards brand image and brand trust. Management Science Letters 10 (2020) 2139–2146.
Shahid, S., Hussain, T., and Zafar, F. (2017). The Impact of Brand Awareness on The consumers’ Purchase Intention. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2422-8451 An International Peer-reviewed Journal Vol.33, 2017.
Shephard, A., Pookulangara, S., Kinley, T. R., & Josiam, B. M. (2016). Media influence, fashion, and shopping: a gender perspective. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 20(1), 4-18.
Shwastika, R., and Keni, K. (2021). The Effect of Brand Awareness, Social Media Marketing, Perceived Quality, Hedonic Motivation, and Sales Promotion Towards Consumers Intention to Purchase in Fashion Industry.Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 570 Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities (ICEBSH 2021)
Sin, L. M., & Omar, B. (2020). The Impact of Korean Wave on MalaysianMetrosexual Grooming Attitude and Behaviour:The Moderating Role of Visual Media Consumption. Media Watch, 11(2), 263-280.
Skalen, P. (2010). A Study of Factors Affecting on Men’s Skin Care Products Purchasing. Particularly in Karlstad, Sweden. Karlstads University.
Strubel, J., & Petrie, T. A. (2016). The clothes make the man: The relation of sociocultural factors and sexual orientation to appearance and product involvement. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 33, 1-7.
Swaminathan, V., Sorescu, A., Steenkamp, J. B. E., O’Guinn, T. C. G., and Schmitt, B. (2020), “Branding in a hyperconnected world: refocusing theories and rethinking boundaries”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 84 No. 2, pp. 24-46.
Tuten, T. L., & Solomon, M. R. (2017). Social Media Marketing Third Edition. Los Angeles: SAGE Publication.
Ulag,O. J. S., Tumbuan, W. J. F. A., and Rumokoy, L. J. (2023).The Influence Of Brand Personality And Self-Concept On Brand Attachment Of Apple Products. Jurnal EMBA Vol. 11 No. 1 Januari 2023, Hal. 414-423
Warfield, N. (2019). Men are a multibillion dollar growth opportunity for the beauty industry. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/17/men-are-a-multibillion-dollar-growth-opportunity-for-the-beauty-industry.html on 25th May 2021
Yusof, J. M., & Ariffin, S. (2016). The Influence of Self-Congruity, Functional Image, and Emotional Attachment on Loyalty. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 350-357. Zikmund, W. (2003). Business Research Methods. Cincinnati, Ohio: Thomson/South Western Publishing

In-Text Citation: (Abdullah et al., 2023)
To Cite this Article: Abdullah, M. S., Abas, N. M., Aziz, A., & Kadir, M. S. A. (2023). Purchase Intention on Grooming Products among Metrosexual Men: Whether Brand Awareness, Brand Loyalty and Self Concept Give Significant Relationship? International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 13(4), 1314 – 1328.

Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non0-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode