The Attitudes of Secondary School Teachers toward the Utilization of Microcontroller in The Classroom

Al-Awidi, H. M., & Aldhafeeri, F. M. (2017). Teachers’ readiness to implement digital curriculum in Kuwaiti schools. Journal of Information Technology Education. Research, 16, 105–126
Al-Emran, M., Elsherif, H. M., & Shaalan, K. (2016). Investigating attitudes towards the use of mobile learning in higher education. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.033
Dymek, A. R., & Murdy, S. T. (2016). Embedded Instruction Kit Steven Murdy, (June).
Almusalam, S. N. (2001). Factors related to the use of computer technologies for professional tasks by business and administration teachers at Saudi technical colleges. The Ohio State University.
Barak, M. (2017). Teaching electronics: From building circuits to systems thinking and programming. In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series (pp. 1-24). Springer Science and Business Media BV. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38889-2
Blackwell, C. K., Lauricella, A. R., & Wartella, E. (2014). Factors influencing digital technology use in early childhood education. Computers & Education, 77,82–90
Blikstein, P. (2017). The History and Prospects of the Maker Movement in Education. In Springer International Handbook of Education (pp.1–19). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38889-2
Bolanakis, D. E. (2019). A Survey of Research in Microcontroller Education. IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias Del Aprendizaje, 14(2), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2019.2922856
Bolanakis, D. E. (2019). A survey of research in microcontroller education. IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje, 14(2), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2019.2922856
Bruce, R., Brock, D., & Reiser, S. (2013). Teaching programming using embedded systems. In 2013 Proceedings of IEEE Southeastcon (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.2013.6567401
Bunyamin, M. A. H. (2015). Pendidikan STEM Bersepadu: Perspektif global, perkembangan semasa di Malaysia, dan langkah kehadapan. Buletin Persatuan Pendidikan Sains dan Matematik Johor, 25(1), 1-6.
Chan, J., Pondicherry, T., & Blikstein, P. (2013, June). LightUp: an augmented, learning platform for electronics. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (pp. 491-494).
Chan, J., Pondicherry, T., & Blikstein, P. (2013, June). LightUp: an augmented, learning platform for electronics. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (pp. 491-494).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2485760.2485812
Chien, S. P., Wu, H. K., & Hsu, Y. S. (2014). An investigation of teachers' beliefs and their use of technology-based assessments. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 198-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.037
Chou, P. N. (2018). Skill development and knowledge acquisition cultivated by maker education: Evidence from Arduino-based educational robotics. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(10), em1600. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pao_Nan_Chou/publication/326411462_Skill_Development_and_Knowledge_Acquisition_Cultivated_by_Maker_Education_Evidence_from_Arduino-based_Educational_Robotics/links/5b4c2c2745851519b4c02a2c/Skill-Development-and-Knowled
Cooper, R., & Heaverlo, C. (2013). Problem Solving and Creativity and Design: What Influence Do They Have on Girls' Interest in STEM Subject Areas?. American Journal of Engineering Education, 4(1), 27-38.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340.
Drost, E. A. (2004). Validity and reliability in social science research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38(1), 105–123.
Dymek, A. R., & Murdy, S. T. (2016). Embedded instruction kit. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/mqp-all
El-Abd, M. (2017). A review of embedded systems education in the arduino age: Lessons learned and future directions. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (IJEP), 7(2), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2723
Ertmer, P. A., Ottenbreit-leftwich, A. T., Sadik, O., Sendurur, E., & Sendurur, P. (2012). Computers & education teacher beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship. Computers & Education, 59(2), 423–435.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.02.001
Fadila, N., & Chiew, K. W. (2014). Persepsi guru terhadap penggunaan perisian multimedia dalam proses penagajaran dan pembelajaran mata pelajaran.
http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11785861.pdf
Filippov, S., Ten, N., Shirokolobov, I., & Fradkov, A. (2017). Science direct robotics in secondary school teaching robotics in secondary school. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 50(1), 12155–12160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.2143
Fisher, T. (2006). Educational transformation: is it like ‘beauty’ in the eye of the beholder, or will we know it when we see it? Education and Information Technologies, 11(3/4), 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-006-9009-1.
Garcia, M., Vargas, J., & Isaza, L. (2018). Virtual object of learning for driving through virtual reality with development of peripherals and glasses for virtual reality. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13(11), 9382–9386.
Garduno-Aparicio, M., Rodriguez-Resendiz, J., Macias-Bobadilla, G., & Thenozhi, S. (2017). A multidisciplinary industrial robot approach for teaching mechatronics-related courses. IEEE Transactions on Education, 61(1), 55-62.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2017.2741446
Darusalam, G., & Hussin, S. (2018). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam pendidikan: amalan dan analisis kajian (2nd ed.). Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Guven, Y., Co?gun, E., Kocaoglu, S., Gezici, H., & Yilmazlar, E. (2017). Understanding the concept of microcontroller based systems to choose the best hardware for applications. Research Inventy: International Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(9), 38–44.
Halverson, E. R., & Sheridan, K. M. (2014). The maker movement in education. Havard Educational Review, 84(4), 495-504.
https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.84.4.34j1g68140382063
Haron, H. N., Hussain, N. H., & Mohammad, R. (2019). Grooming future scientists and engineers from the root through fun learning concept. Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1174/1/01200
Harrison, A. W., & Rainer, R. K. (1992). The influence of individual differences on skill in end-user computing. Journal of Management Information Systems, 9(1), 93-111.
He, S., Zhang, Y., & Shen, F. (2015). Microcontrollers for non-electrical engineering students - do we need to teach assembly language? Microcontrollers for non-electrical engineering students - do we need to teach assembly language? American Society for Engineering Education.
Ibrahim, I., Ali, R., Zulkefli, M., and Nazar, E. (2015). Embedded Systems Pedagogical Issue: Teaching Approaches, Students Readiness, and Design Challenges. American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications, 3(1), 1–10. doi:10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.1
Subramaniam, J. (2006), Penggunaan Bahan Bantu Mengajar Berasaskan Teknology Maklumat di Kalangan Guru Sejarah. Thesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan). Malaya University
Jimoyiannis, A. (2009). Factors determining teachers' beliefs and perceptions of ICT in education. In Encyclopedia of information communication technology (pp. 321-334). IGI Global.
Kao, C. P., & Tsai, C. C. (2009). Teachers’ attitudes toward web-based professional development, with relation to Internet self-efficacy and beliefs about web-based learning. Computers & Education, 53(1), 66-73.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.12.019
Kao, C. P., Lin, K. Y., & Chien, H. M. (2018). Predicting teachers’ behavioural intentions regarding web-based professional development by the theory of planned behaviour. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(5), 1887-189
Kluever, R. C., Lam T. C., Hoffman, E. R., Green, K. E., & Swearinges, D. L. (1994). The computer attitude scale: Assessing changes in teachers’ attitudes toward computers. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 11 (3), 251-261.
Kocijancic, S. (2019). Contemporary challenges in teaching electronics to stem teachers. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2043, No. 1, p. 020002). AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5080021
Kreijns, K., Van Acker, F., Vermeulen, M., & Van Buuren, H. (2013). What stimulates teachers to integrate ICT in their pedagogical practices? The use of digital learning materials in education. Computers in human behavior, 29(1), 217-225.
Kriek, J., & Stols, G. (2010). Teachers’ beliefs and their intention to use interactive simulations in their classrooms. South African Journal of Education, 30(3).
Kutluca, T., & Ekici, G. (2010). Examining teacher candidates’ attitudes and self-efficacy perceptions towards the computer assisted education. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 38(38), 177-188.
Lazar & Irena. (2015). Perceptions of teachers regarding the implementation of the internet in education. Computer in Human Behavior, 53. 462-468.
Lin, K. Y., & Williams, P. J. (2016). Taiwanese preservice teachers’ science, technology, engineering, and mathematics teaching intention. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 14, 1021-1036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-015-9645-2
Lima, M. M., Martín-ramos, P., Jo, M., Gomes, P. E. B., Pereira, P. S., & Silva, M. R. (2018). Computers in Human Behavior Reprint of ‘First exposure to Arduino through peer-coaching: Impact on students’ attitudes towards programming’ *, 80, 420–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.011
Lu, Y. (2017). Industry 4.0: A survey on technologies, applications and open research issues. Journal of industrial information integration, 6, 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2017.04.005
Mabbott, G. A. (2014). Teaching electronics and laboratory automation using microcontroller boards. Journal of Chemical Education, 91(9), 1458-1463.
Mallik, A., Rajguru, S. B., & Kapila, V. (2018). Fundamental: Analyzing the effects of a robotics training workshop on the self-efficacy of high school teachers. In 2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition.
Cruz, M. A. (2017). Exploring the Open Source Hardware phenomenon: Empirical essays on the role of user communities in the creation of innovation, organizations and markets (Doctoral dissertation, City, University of London).
Martin-Ramos, P., Lopes, M. J., da Silva, M. M. L., Gomes, P. E., da Silva, P. S. P., Domingues, J. P., & Silva, M. R. (2018). Reprint of ‘First exposure to Arduino through peer-coaching: Impact on students' attitudes towards programming’. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 420-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.011
Minister of Education (MOE). (2016). Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Tingkatan 2, Reka bentuk dan teknologi. Minister of Education
Hamim, M. A. F. M. (2017). Kompetensi guru reka cipta dalam bidang elektrik di sekolah menengah harian di Johor. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/141497905.pdf
Barak, M. (2013). Teaching Electronics: From Building Circuits to Systems Thinking and Programming. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38889-2
Mumtaz, S. (2000). Factors affecting teachers' use of information and communications technology: a review of the literature. Journal of information technology for teacher education, 9(3), 319-342.
Nethravathi, S., & Geetha, R. S. (2016). Learning by doing: implementing in microcontroller course. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 29(Special Issue).
Othman, N., & Omar, H. M. (2014). © Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 2014. Jurnal Pemikir Pendidikan, 5(2008). https://doi.org/pp. 19-33, ISSN 1985-3637
Nugent, G., Barker, B., Lester, H., Grandgenett, N., & Valentine, D. (2019). Wearable textiles to support student STEM learning and attitudes. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 28, 470-479.
Nunally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Pao, N. -C. (2018). Skill Development and Knowledge Acquisition Cultivated by Maker Education: Evidence from Arduino-based Educational Robotics. Researchgate.Net, 14(10). Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pao_Nan_Chou/publication/326411462_Skill_Development_and_Knowledge_Acquisition_Cultivated_by_Maker_Education_Evidence_from_Arduino-based_Educational_Robotics/links/5b4c2c2745851519b4c02a2c/Skill-Development-and-Knowled
Prisecaru, P. (2016). Challenges of the fourth industrial revolution. Knowledge Horizons. Economics, 8(1), 57–62.
Qin, Y., & Yu, B. (2011). Heuristic Education of Microcontroller Unit Principle and Applications. Procedia Engineering, 24, 708-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2723
Rogers, E. M. (2010). Diffusion of innovations. Simon and Schuster.
Munap, R. (2003). Penilaian program diploma kesetiausahaan eksekutif di Universiti Teknologi Mara. Tesis PhD (tidak diterbitkan), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Sadaf, A., Newby, T. J., & Ertmer, P. A. (2016). An investigation of the factors that influence preservice teachers’ intentions and integration of Web 2.0 tools. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64, 37-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-015-9410-9
Santosa, E. S. B., & Waluyanti, S. (2019). Teaching Microcontrollers using Arduino Nano Based Quadcopter. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1413, No. 1, p. 012003). IOP Publishing.
Scherer, R., & Siddiq, F. (2015). Revisiting teachers’ computer self-efficacy: A differentiated view on gender differences. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 48-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.038.
Schiller, J. (2003). Working with ICT: Perceptions of Australian principals. Journal of Educational Administration, 41(2), 171-185.
Schwab, K. (2016). World economic forum. Global Competitiveness Report (2014-2015)..
Sell, R., Seiler, S., & Ptasik, D. (2012). Microcontroller based intelligent platform for research and education in mechatronics. In 2012 9th France-Japan & 7th Europe-Asia Congress on Mechatronics (MECATRONICS)/13th Int'l Workshop on Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM) (pp. 188-193). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MECATRONICS.2012.6451007
Sharaf, N., Ahmed, G., Adel, A., Abdennadher, S., & Berkling, K. (2019). Koding4Kinder: Teaching Computational Thinking to Pupils Using a Combination of Programming and Electronics Platforms. In 2019 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 634-638). IEEE.
Sheridan, K., Halverson, E. R., Litts, B., Brahms, L., Jacobs-Priebe, L., & Owens, T. (2014). Learning in the making: A comparative case study of three makerspaces. Harvard Educational Review, 84(4), 505-531.
Stosic, L., & Stosic, I. (2015). Perceptions of teachers regarding the implementation of the internet in education. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 462-468.
Subramaniam, J. (2006). Penggunaan bahan bantu mengajar berasaskan teknologi maklumat di kalangan guru Sejarah (Doctoral dissertation, Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya).
Tan, M. (2019). When makerspaces meet school: Negotiating tensions between instruction and construction. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 28(2), 75-89.
Taylor, S., & Todd, P. A. (1995). Understanding information technology usage: A test of competing models. Information systems research, 6(2), 144-176.
Titovskaya, N. V., Titovskaya, T. S., & Titovskii, S. N. (2019). The prospects of microcontroller application in the agriculture digitalization. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 315, No. 3, p. 032011). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/315/3/032011
Uzunboylu, H., & Ozdamli, F. (2011). Teacher perception for m?learning: scale development and teachers' perceptions. Journal of Computer assisted learning, 27(6), 544-556.
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management science, 46(2), 186-204.
Venkatesh, V., & Morris, M. G. (2000). Why don't men ever stop to ask for directions? Gender, social influence, and their role in technology acceptance and usage behavior. MIS Quarterly, 115-139.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS quarterly, 425-478.
Vostrukhin, A., & Vakhtina, E. (2016, May). Studying digital signal processing on arduino based platform. In Proceedings of the 15th International Scientific Conference on Engineering for Rural Development, Jelgava, Latvia (pp. 25-27).
Zacharia, Z. (2003). Beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of science teachers regarding the educational use of computer simulations and inquiry?based experiments in physics. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 40(8), 792-823. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.10112
Sahaat, Z., & Nasri, N. (2020). Cabaran challenges in the implementation of design and technology subject in secondary school. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 45(1), 51–59.

In-Text Citation: (Noor & Saibon, 2023)
To Cite this Article: Noor, A. M., & Saibon, J. (2023). The Attitudes of Secondary School Teachers toward the Utilization of Microcontroller in The Classroom. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(3), 1657 – 1678.

Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode