ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
The paper aims to test the validity and reliability of the Insaniah Value dimensions and items that measure the merits of good conduct for selected groups of at-risk youths in Malaysia. Quantitatively, this survey is pilot tested on a sample involving 30 school students. The model was extracted from the directory list of students with disciplinary issues where simple random sampling was used. This paper uses PLS-SEM analysis to test the validity and reliability of the items. The measurement model offers composite reliability values between 0.855 to 0.962. In this paper, Soft Skills contributed to the highest composite reliability value of 0.962, while Spiritual Discipline scored the lowest value of 0.855. The important highlights are the focus on the dimensions of Insaniah Value by formulating Islamic character-building elements based on Al-Ghazali (2017a, 2017b); Al-Ghazali (2015). The Insaniah Value items recommend values and quality skills mastery among at-risk youth and offer some cure for moral decay and crisis. In particular, the paper is relevant to government agencies and policymakers in strengthening talent development, such as the Malaysian Education Blueprint (under the Ministry of Education, 2015), early childhood development policy (under the Ministry of Women and Family Development), and human development policy (under the Ministry of Human Resources). The literature evidence from this paper offers the policymakers to establish comprehensive guidelines and monitoring assessments on Insaniah's Values and as a model to guide students, schools, teachers, and parents.
Al-Ghazali, A. H. (2015), Ihy? ‘Ul?m al-D?n. Jilid 3. Bab 13: berusaha mencari rezeki. (Terjemahan oleh M. Akhyar, S. Jasah). Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Al Shafa, 1-66.
Al-Ghazali, A. H. (2017a), Ihya ‘Ulum al-Din. Jilid 1. Bab 2: pokok-pokok akidah. (Terjemahan oleh M. Akhyar, S. Jasah). Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Al Shafa, 279-381
Al-Ghazali, A. H. (2017b), Ihy? ‘Ul?m al-D?n. Jilid 4. Bab 22: latihan jiwa dan pemulihan penyakit hati. (Terjemahan oleh M. Akhyar, S. Jasah). Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Al Shafa, 133-209.
Che Wil, N., & Othman, N., (2021). The impact of spiritual and individual factors on Malaysian adolescents’. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies. Penerbit Universiti Teknologi MARA, 2-16.
Bartlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., & Higgins, Determining Appropriate Sample Size in Survey Research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 43–50.
Chin, W. W. (1998). Issues and Opinion on Structural Equation Modeling. MISQ Archivist, 22(1).
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error, 18(1), 39–50.
Gefen, D., Straub, D., & Boudreau, M.-C. (2000). Structural Equation Modeling and Regression?: Guidelines for Research Practice, 4(October). https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.00407
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. J. of the Acad. Mark. Sci., (43), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403- 8
Huck, S. W. (2012). Reading statistics and research (6th edt). Boston, MA: Pearson, 276–311.
Hulland, J. (1999). Use Of Partial Least Squares (PLS) In Strategic Management Research?: A Review Of Four Recent Studies. Strategic Management Journal, 204(April 1998), 195–204.
Urbach, N., & Ahlemann, F. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling in Information Systems Research Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Information Systems Research Using Partial Least Squares. Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 11(2), 5–40.
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2019). Laporan kajian pengesanan graduan kolej vokasional, Retrieved on June 9, 2022, https://anyflip.com/urbhe/txua/basic
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. (2018). Kerangka Kelayakan Malaysia. Edisi 2. Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia
Mohamed, A. S. (1975). Ghazali's Theory of Virtue. New York: State University of New York Press.
Kasim, R. S. R. (2021). “The contemporary features of Islamic business model theory: understanding spirituality.” University Malaysia Kelantan. Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/ovEb6NyzDEs. 1 January 2021
Kasim, R. S. R., & Hashim, Z. (2018). Pemerkasaan generasi muda komuniti terpinggir lulusan TVET dalam menangani cabaran arus Industri 4.0 ke arah Negara maju (Raja Suzana, R., & Samsudin, A.R., Ed.2., Kota Bharu: Penerbit UMK.
In-Text Citation: (Kasim, 2023)
To Cite this Article: Kasim, R. S. R. (2023). Item Validity and Reliability in Building Insaniah Value for Selected At-Risk Youth Groups in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(13), 55–64.
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode