ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Recently, the implementation of outdoor learning spaces has emerged as a crucial measure to enhance the academic experience by facilitating the augmentation of students' social interactions and learning endeavours. Investigating Asian universities reveals that these campuses mainly prioritise indoor traditional learning approaches while exhibiting little integration of social learning practices that align with academic objectives. Hence, it is vital to augment the social learning activities of students within the premises of university campuses in Asia, with the aim of enhancing the overall social learning experience. This study aims to identify the design attributes of pocket settings for enhancing social learning activity in Asian universities. This study utilised qualitative, semi-structured focus group discussions (FGDs) involving professionals and academicians in the field of architecture to assess the attributes of pocket settings on the Asian campus grounds. The data is analysed using ATLAS.ti.8. The findings indicate that the implementation of design attributes, such as design and layout, elements and activities, accessibility and proximity, and safety and security, is critically important for providing successful pocket settings on university grounds that greatly enhance the social learning experience. The results of this study make a valuable contribution to the development of a pocket setting model specifically designed for Asian campus environments. This model aims to effectively integrate informal spaces into social learning activities, ultimately enhancing the overall academic social learning experience.
Abd El-Aziz, N., A. (2015). Potentials of creating pocket parks in high density residential neighborhoods: The case of Rod El Farag, Cairo city. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 4(7), pp. 805-824.
Armato, F. (2017). Pocket Park: Product Urban design. The Design, 20(sup1), pp. 1869-1878.
Bento, G., & Costa, J. A. (2018). Outdoor play as a mean to achieve educational goals - a case study in a Portuguese day-care group. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 18(4), 1-14. doi:10.1080/14729679.2018.1443483
Busck, A. G., Kristensen, S. P., Præstholm, S., & Primdahl, J. (2008). Porous landscapes – The case of Greater Copenhagen. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 7(3), 145–156. doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2007.05.002
Creswell, J. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative. Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. NY: SAGE Publications
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Research Methods in Education. 8th ed. Abingdon: Routledge
Currie, M.A. (2016). A design framework for small parks in ultra-urban, metropolitan, suburban and small town settings. Urban Design, 22(1), 76-95. doi:10.1080/13574809.2016.1234334
Gulwadi, G.B., Mishchenko, E.D., Hallowell, G., Alves, S., & Kennedy, M. (2019). The restorative potential of a university campus: Objective greenness and student perceptions in Turkey and the United States. Landscape and Urban Planning, 187, 36-46. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.03.003
Hafner, K., Zasada, I., Zanten, B., T., Ungaro, F., Koetse, M., and Piorr, A. (2018). Assessing landscape preferences: a visual choice experiment in the agricultural region of Märkische Schweiz, Germany. Landscape Research. 43(6), pp. 846-861.
Hashim, H. H., & Denan, Z. (2015). Importance of Preserving the Natural Environment in the Design Schools in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, 177–186. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.027
Hu, Y. (2017). A Novel Planning of Vest-Pocket Park in Historic Urban Area in Metropolis: A Case Study of Beijing. In W. Wang, K. Bengler, & X. Jiang (Ed.), Green Intelligent Transportation Systems (pp. 1035-1053). Springer.
Jamieson, P. (2003). Designing more effective on-campus teaching and learning spaces: A role for academic developers. International Journal for Academic Development, 8(1), pp.119-133.
Ibrahim, N., & Fadzil, N. H. (2013). Informal Setting for Learning on Campus: Usage and preference. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 105, pp. 344-351. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.036
Kaboudarahangi, M., Tahir, O., Shariff, M., & Maulan, S. (2023). Factors influencing preferences of garden iconographies. Social Science and Humanities, 21(4):1395–409. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/39801.
Keppell, M., Souter, K., & Riddle, M. (2011). Physical and Virtual Learning Spaces in Higher Education: Concepts for the Modern Learning Environment. IGI Global.
Lau, S. S., Lin, P., & Qin, H. (2012). A preliminary study on environmental performances of pocket parks in high-rise and high-density urban context in Hong Kong. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 7(3), 215–225. doi:10.1093/ijlct/cts033
Mertens, L., Van Cauwenberg, J., Veitch, J., Deforche, B., & Van Dyck, D. (2019). Differences in park characteristic preferences for visitation and physical activity among adolescents: A latent class analysis. PLOS ONE, 14(3), e0212920. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212920
Nordh, H., Hartig, T, Hagerhall, C. M., and Fry, G. (2009). Components of Small Urban Parks that Predict the Possibility for Restoration. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 8, pp. 225-235.
Perkins, B., and Will. (2014). Learning Space Design Guidelines. Vancouver: RPG Inc. and University of British Columbia.
Peschardt, K. K. (2014). Health Promoting Pocket Parks in a Landscape Architectural Perspective. Copenhagen: Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen.
Rea, T. (2009). Informal learning outdoors. In: S. Gibson and J. Haynes, Perspectives on Participation and Inclusion: Engaging Education. Continuum.
Salih, S. A., Ismail, I., & Ismail, N. A. (2019). Pocket Parks for Enhancing Residents’ Social Interaction in the City of Baghdad, Iraq. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 8(1.9), 611-616. doi: 10.14419/ijet.v8i1.9.30071
Salih, S. A., Ismail, I., & Mseer, A. (2020). Pocket parks for promoting social interaction among residents of Baghdad City. Archnet-IJAR, 14(3), 393-408. doi:10.1108/arch-11-2019-0261
Salih, S. A., Ismail, I., & Ismail, N. A. (2021). On-Campus Pocket Parks for Enhancing Outdoor Learning Experience in Malaysian Universities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 11(10), 831–846. 10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i10/11453
Salih, S. A., Ismail, S., Ujang, N., Mustafa, F. A., & Ismail, N. A. (2023). Pocket Settings for Enhancing Social Learning Experience on Campus Ground: a Verbal-Visual Preference Survey. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 14(9), 102134. doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102134
Tabassum, S. (2018). Environmental Response of Small Urban Parks in Context of Dhaka City. Journal of Physics, 953(1), pp. 1-19.
Towers, D., & Lynch, J. (2017). What kind of outdoor educator do you want to become? Trying something different in outdoor studies in higher education. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 21, 117-121. doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2017.09.002
Yang, M., & Chau, A. W. L. (2011). Social involvement and development as a response to the campus student culture. Asia Pacific Education Review, 12(3), 393-402. doi:10.1007/s12564-011-9149-x
Zanariah, K., & Norsidah, U. (2014). Perception towards Sustainability Polytechnic Campusin Malaysia. Alam Cipta Journal, 7(1):15–26. https://www.academia.edu/30532716/Perception_towards_sustainability_polytechnic_campus
In-Text Citation: (Salih et al., 2023)
To Cite this Article: Salih, S. A., Ismail, S., Azmi, A., & Bajish, A. S. (2023). Pocket Settings for Promoting On-campus Social Learning: FGD. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(9), 726–736.
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode